print

Happiness Measures

Characteristics

Code:
O-SLL-u-sq-v-4-b
Focus:
Overall: Satisfaction with Life one Leads (O-SLL)
Time frame:
time unspecified (u)
Mode:
1 question (sq)
Scale Type:
verbal scale (v)
Scale Range:
4

Description

Self report on single  question:

On the whole how satisfied are you with the life you lead?
4  very satisfied
3  fairly satisfied
2  not very satisfied
1  not at all satisfied
-  Don't know

List of Studies Using this Measure

Study Population N Mean
Standard Deviation Eurobarometer (1975a): study GB 1975 15+ aged, general public, United Kingdom, 1975 N = 1317
Mean
= 3.059
SD
= 0.692
 Eurobarometer (2004b): study NL 2001 /2 15+ aged, general public, Netherlands, 2001 N = 1029
Mean
= 3.456
SD
= 0.626
 Eurobarometer (2004b): study NL 1997 15+ aged, general public, Netherlands, 1997 N = 1000
Mean
= 3.384
SD
= 0.644
 Eurobarometer (2004b): study NL 1998 15+ aged, general public, Netherlands, 1998 N = 1000
Mean
= 3.375
SD
= 0.614
 Eurobarometer (2011c): study NL 1999 15+ aged, general public, Netherlands, 1999 N = 1000
Mean
= 3.410
SD
= 0.578
 Eurobarometer (2004b): study NL 2000 15+ aged, general public, Netherlands, 2000 N = 1000
Mean
= 3.228
SD
= 0.617
 Eurobarometer (2004b): study NL 2000 /1 15+ aged, general public, Netherlands, 2000 N = 1000
Mean
= 3.377
SD
= 0.629
 Eurobarometer (2004b): study NL 2001 15+ aged, general public, Netherlands, 2001 N = 1040
Mean
= 3.416
SD
= 0.620
 Eurobarometer (2004b): study NL 2001 /1 15+ aged, general public, Netherlands, 2001 N = 999
Mean
= 3.398
SD
= 0.632
 Eurobarometer (2004b): study NL 1994 /1 15+ aged, general public, Netherlands, 1994 N = 1000
Mean
= 3.303
SD
= 0.640
 Eurobarometer (2004b): study NL 2002 15+ aged, general public, Netherlands, 2002 N = 997
Mean
= 3.372
SD
= 0.630
 Eurobarometer (2004b): study NL 2002 /1 15+ aged, general public, Netherlands, 2002 N = 1000
Mean
= 3.274
SD
= 0.639
 Eurobarometer (2004b): study NL 1973 15+ aged, general public, Netherlands, 1973 N = 1464
Mean
= 3.318
SD
= 0.620
 Eurobarometer (2004b): study NL 1999 15+ aged, general public, Netherlands, 1999 N = 1000
Mean
= 3.317
SD
= 0.590
 Eurobarometer (2003a): study NL 2003 15+ aged, general public, Netherlands, 2003 N = 1006
Mean
= 3.281
SD
= 0.680
 Eurobarometer (2004a): study NL 2004 15+ aged, general public, Netherlands, 2004 N = 1009
Mean
= 3.343
SD
= 0.676
 Eurobarometer (2005): study NL 2005 15+ aged, general public, Netherlands, 2005 N = 1006
Mean
= 3.418
SD
= 0.601
 Eurobarometer (2004b): study NL 1995 15+ aged, general public, Netherlands, 1995 N = 1000
Mean
= 3.395
SD
= 0.656
 Eurobarometer (2004b): study NL 1994 15+ aged, general public, Netherlands, 1994 N = 1000
Mean
= 3.389
SD
= 0.653
 Eurobarometer (2006): study NL 2006 15+ aged, general public, Netherlands, 2006 N = 1009
Mean
= 3.385
SD
= 0.612
 Eurobarometer (2004b): study NL 1989 /3 15+ aged, general public, Netherlands, 1989 N = 1000
Mean
= 3.371
SD
= 0.623
 Eurobarometer (2004b): study NL 1987 15+ aged, general public, Netherlands, 1987 N = 1004
Mean
= 3.330
SD
= 0.633
 Eurobarometer (2004b): study NL 1987 /1 15+ aged, general public, Netherlands, 1987 N = 965
Mean
= 3.266
SD
= 0.651
 Eurobarometer (2004b): study NL 1988 15+ aged, general public, Netherlands, 1988 N = 1023
Mean
= 3.358
SD
= 0.650
 Eurobarometer (2004b): study NL 1989 15+ aged, general public, Netherlands, 1989 N = 1025
Mean
= 3.432
SD
= 0.599
 Eurobarometer (2004b): study NL 1989 /2 15+ aged, general public, Netherlands, 1989 N = 970
Mean
= 3.440
SD
= 0.616
 Eurobarometer (2004b): study NL 1989 /1 15+ aged, general public, Netherlands, 1989 N = 999
Mean
= 3.352
SD
= 0.617
 Eurobarometer (2004b): study NL 1990 15+ aged, general public, Netherlands, 1990 N = 1000
Mean
= 3.418
SD
= 0.618
 Eurobarometer (2004b): study NL 1993 /1 15+ aged, general public, Netherlands, 1993 N = 1000
Mean
= 3.381
SD
= 0.630
 Eurobarometer (2004b): study NL 1990 /1 15+ aged, general public, Netherlands, 1990 N = 1000
Mean
= 3.364
SD
= 0.656
 Eurobarometer (2004b): study NL 1991 15+ aged, general public, Netherlands, 1991 N = 1000
Mean
= 3.454
SD
= 0.607
 Eurobarometer (2004b): study NL 1991 /1 15+ aged, general public, Netherlands, 1991 N = 1000
Mean
= 3.412
SD
= 0.615
 Eurobarometer (2004b): study NL 1992 15+ aged, general public, Netherlands, 1992 N = 1000
Mean
= 3.393
SD
= 0.620
 Eurobarometer (2004b): study NL 1992 /1 15+ aged, general public, Netherlands, 1992 N = 1000
Mean
= 3.430
SD
= 0.641
 Eurobarometer (2011c): study NL 1992 15+ aged, general public, Netherlands, 1992 N = 1000
Mean
= 3.442
SD
= 0.657
 Eurobarometer (2004b): study NL 1993 15+ aged, general public, Netherlands, 1993 N = 1000
Mean
= 3.413
SD
= 0.616
 Eurobarometer (2005a): study NL 2005 15+ aged, general public, Netherlands, 2005 N = 1041
Mean
= 3.415
SD
= 0.600
 Eurobarometer (2006a): study NL 2006 15+ aged, general public, Netherlands, 2006 N = 1018
Mean
= 3.438
SD
= 0.624
 Eurobarometer (2004b): study NL 1986 15+ aged, general public, Netherlands, 1986 N = 1001
Mean
= 3.346
SD
= 0.611
 Eurobarometer (2011a): study EE 2011 15+ aged, general public, Estonia, 2011 N = 1000
Mean
= 2.750
SD
= 0.684
 Eurobarometer (2011a): study PT 2011 15+ aged, general public, Portugal, 2011 N = 1048
Mean
= 2.350
SD
= 0.753
 Eurobarometer (2011a): study FI 2011 15+ aged, general public, Finland, 2011 N = 1003
Mean
= 3.290
SD
= 0.535
 Eurobarometer (2011a): study SE 2011 15+ aged, general public, Sweden, 2011 N = 1044
Mean
= 3.410
SD
= 0.618
 Eurobarometer (2011a): study GB 2011 15+ aged, general public, United Kingdom, 2011 N = 1309
Mean
= 3.290
SD
= 0.697
 Eurobarometer (2011a): study ZZ EU 27 2011 15+ aged, general public, EU 27,, 2011 N = 26713
Mean
= 2.960
SD
= 0.751
 Eurobarometer (2011a): study CZ 2011 15+ aged, general public, Czech Republic, 2011 N = 1022
Mean
= 2.950
SD
= 0.638
 Eurobarometer (2011a): study CY 2011 15+ aged, general public, Cyprus, 2011 N = 501
Mean
= 3.070
SD
= 0.803
 Eurobarometer (2011a): study LU 2011 15+ aged, general public, Luxembourg, 2011 N = 501
Mean
= 3.390
SD
= 0.564
 Eurobarometer (2011a): study LV 2011 15+ aged, general public, Latvia, 2011 N = 1007
Mean
= 2.580
SD
= 0.777
 Eurobarometer (2011a): study LT 2011 15+ aged, general public, Lithuania, 2011 N = 1026
Mean
= 2.560
SD
= 0.852
 Eurobarometer (2011a): study HU 2011 15+ aged, general public, Hungary, 2011 N = 1019
Mean
= 2.420
SD
= 0.815
 Eurobarometer (2011a): study MT 2011 15+ aged, general public, Malta, 2011 N = 500
Mean
= 3.070
SD
= 0.765
 Eurobarometer (2011a): study PL 2011 15+ aged, general public, Poland, 2011 N = 1000
Mean
= 2.887
SD
= 0.656
 Eurobarometer (2011a): study SI 2011 15+ aged, general public, Slovenia, 2011 N = 1018
Mean
= 3.030
SD
= 0.670
 Eurobarometer (2011a): study SK 2011 15+ aged, general public, Slovakia, 2011 N = 1010
Mean
= 2.830
SD
= 0.708
 Eurobarometer (2011a): study AT 2011 15+ aged, general public, Austria, 2011 N = 1018
Mean
= 3.060
SD
= 0.597
 Eurobarometer (2011a): study IT 2011 15+ aged, general public, Italy, 2011 N = 1039
Mean
= 2.798
SD
= 0.651
 Eurobarometer (2007): study NL 2007 15+ aged, general public, Netherlands, 2007 N = 1009
Mean
= 3.464
SD
= 0.584
 Eurobarometer (2011): study NL 2010 15+ aged, general public, Netherlands, 2010 N = 1040
Mean
= 3.478
SD
= 0.596
 Eurobarometer (2007a): study NL 2007 15+ aged, general public, Netherlands, 2007 N = 1005
Mean
= 3.470
SD
= 0.601
 Eurobarometer (2008): study NL 2008 15+ aged, general public, Netherlands, 2008 N = 1041
Mean
= 3.474
SD
= 0.587
 Eurobarometer (2010): study NL 2008 15+ aged, general public, Netherlands, 2008 N = 1041
Mean
= 3.512
SD
= 0.553
 Eurobarometer (2009): study NL 2009 15+ aged, general public, Netherlands, 2009 N = 1044
Mean
= 3.460
SD
= 0.582
 Eurobarometer (2009): study NL 2009 /1 15+ aged, general public, Netherlands, 2009 N = 1079
Mean
= 3.459
SD
= 0.605
 Eurobarometer (2010a): study NL 2009 15+ aged, general public, Netherlands, 2009 N = 1004
Mean
= 3.451
SD
= 0.602
 Eurobarometer (2010b): study NL 2010 15+ aged, general public, Netherlands, 2010 N = 1013
Mean
= 3.417
SD
= 0.623
 Eurobarometer (2011d): study NL 2011 15+ aged, general public, Netherlands, 2011 N = 1004
Mean
= 3.451
SD
= 0.602
 Eurobarometer (2011a): study IE 2011 15+ aged, general public, Ireland, 2011 N = 1015
Mean
= 3.190
SD
= 0.744
 Bell & Blanchflower (2007): study GB 1975 15+ aged, general public, UK 1975-1986, N = 14341
Mean
= 3.129
SD
= 0.740
 Bell & Blanchflower (2007): study GB Scotland 1975 15+ aged, general public, Scotland region, Scottland, 1975-1986 N = 14341
Mean
= 3.061
SD
= 0.708
 Eurobarometer (2011a): study BE 2011 15+ aged, general public, Belgium, 2011 N = 1020
Mean
= 3.220
SD
= 0.626
 Eurobarometer (2011a): study DE 2011 15+ aged, general public, Germany, 2011 N = 1535
Mean
= 3.110
SD
= 0.646
 Eurobarometer (2011a): study GR 2011 15+ aged, general public, Greece, 2011 N = 1000
Mean
= 2.310
SD
= 0.868
 Eurobarometer (2011a): study ES 2011 15+ aged, general public, Spain, 2011 N = 1010
Mean
= 2.860
SD
= 0.762
 Eurobarometer (2011a): study FR 2011 15+ aged, general public, France, 2011 N = 1022
Mean
= 3.000
SD
= 0.696
 Eurobarometer (2004b): study NL 1986 /1 15+ aged, general public, Netherlands, 1986 N = 1026
Mean
= 3.231
SD
= 0.664
 Eurobarometer (2004b): study NL 1985 /1 15+ aged, general public, Netherlands, 1985 N = 1068
Mean
= 3.226
SD
= 0.670
 Eurobarometer (2011a): study HR 2011 15+ aged, general public, Croatia, 2011 N = 1000
Mean
= 2.760
SD
= 0.826
 Eurobarometer (1996): study FI Uusimaa (region around Helsinki) 1996 15+ aged general public, Uusimaa (region around Helsinki) region, Finland, 1996 N = 843
Mean
= 3.152
SD
= 0.624
 Eurobarometer (1996): study PT PT Centro 1996 15+ aged, general public, Central region, Portugal, 1996 N = 563
Mean
= 2.714
SD
= 0.680
 Eurobarometer (1996): study PT Lisboa et Vale do Tejo 1996 15+ aged, general public, Lisboa et Vale do Tejo region, Portugal, 1996 N = 1095
Mean
= 2.619
SD
= 0.713
 Eurobarometer (1996): study PT Alentejo 1996 15+ aged, general public, Alentejo region, Portugal, 1996 N = 170
Mean
= 2.704
SD
= 0.731
 Eurobarometer (1996): study PT Algarve (Faro) 1996 15+ aged, general public, Algarve (Faro) region, Portugal, 1996 N = 112
Mean
= 2.694
SD
= 0.645
 Eurobarometer (1996): study PT Acores 1996 15+ aged, general public, Acores region, Portugal, 1996 N = 77
Mean
= 2.739
SD
= 0.760
 Eurobarometer (1996): study PT Madeira 1996 15+ aged, general public, Madeira region, Portugal, 1996 N = 83
Mean
= 2.975
SD
= 0.602
 Eurobarometer (1996): study FI Varsi nais Suomi 1996 15+ aged general public, Varsi nais Suomi region, Finland, 1996 N = 302
Mean
= 3.065
SD
= 0.655
 Eurobarometer (1996): study ES Pais Vasco 1996 15+ aged general public, Pais Vasco region, Spain, 1996 N = 336
Mean
= 2.969
SD
= 0.600
 Eurobarometer (1996): study FI Hämeen (in Southern Finland, in Päijänne Tavastland) 1996 15+ aged general public, Hämeen (in Southern Finland, in Päijänne Tavastland) region, Finland, 1996 N = 98
Mean
= 3.183
SD
= 0.614
 Eurobarometer (1996): study FI Pirkanmaa 1996 15+ aged general public, Pirkanmaa region, Finland, 1996 N = 279
Mean
= 3.140
SD
= 0.592
 Eurobarometer (1996): study FI Kymenlaakso 1996 15+ aged, general public, Kymenlaakso region, Finland, 1996 N = 107
Mean
= 3.130
SD
= 0.674
 Eurobarometer (1996): study FI Etelä-Karjala 1996 15+ aged general public, Etelä-Karjala region, Finland, 1996 N = 96
Mean
= 3.177
SD
= 0.579
 Eurobarometer (1996): study FI Etelä-Savo 1996 15+ aged general public, Etelä-Savo region, Finland, 1996 N = 125
Mean
= 3.267
SD
= 0.564
 Eurobarometer (1996): study FI Pohjois-Savo 1996 15+ aged general public, Pohjois-Savo region, Finland, 1996 N = 160
Mean
= 3.067
SD
= 0.666
 Eurobarometer (1996): study FI Pohjois-Karjala 1996 15+ aged general public, Pohjois-Karjala region, Finland, 1996 N = 114
Mean
= 3.134
SD
= 0.645
 Eurobarometer (1996): study PT PT Norte 1996 15+ aged, general public, North region, Portugal, 1996 N = 1101
Mean
= 2.676
SD
= 0.615
 Eurobarometer (1996): study ES Valenciano 1996 Valenciano general public, Valenciano region, Spain, 1996 N = 617
Mean
= 2.865
SD
= 0.702
 Eurobarometer (1996): study FI Etelä-Pohjanmaa 1996 15+ aged general public, Etelä-Pohjanmaa region, Finland 1996 N = 123
Mean
= 3.143
SD
= 0.610
 Eurobarometer (1996): study ES Canarias 1996 15+ aged general public, Canarias region, Spain, 1996 N = 237
Mean
= 2.923
SD
= 0.775
 Eurobarometer (1996): study GR Kriti (Crete) 1996 15+ aged, general public, Kriti (Crete) region, Greece, 1996 N = 172
Mean
= 2.509
SD
= 0.889
 Eurobarometer (1996): study GR Nisia Anatolikou Aigaiou (Argean Islands) 1996 15+ aged general public, Nisia Anatolikou Aigaiou (Argean Islands) region, Greece, 1996 N = 129
Mean
= 2.604
SD
= 0.582
 Eurobarometer (1996): study ES Andalucia 1996 15+ aged, general public, Andalucia, Spain, 1996 N = 1090
Mean
= 2.759
SD
= 0.818
 Eurobarometer (1996): study ES Aragon 1996 15+ aged general public, Aragon region, Spain, 1996 N = 199
Mean
= 2.962
SD
= 0.619
 Eurobarometer (1996): study ES Asturias 1996 15+ aged general public, Asturias region, Spain, 1996 N = 174
Mean
= 2.906
SD
= 0.566
 Eurobarometer (1996): study ES Baleares 1996 15+ aged general public, Baleares region, Spain, 1996 N = 118
Mean
= 2.826
SD
= 0.662
 Eurobarometer (1996): study ES Cantabria 1996 15+ aged general public, Cantabria region, Spain, 1996 N = 93
Mean
= 2.942
SD
= 0.503
 Eurobarometer (1996): study ES Navarra 1996 15+ aged general public, Navarra region, Spain, 1996 N = 81
Mean
= 2.935
SD
= 0.534
 Eurobarometer (1996): study ES Castilla Leon 1996 15+ aged general public, Castilla Leon region, Spain, 1996 N = 405
Mean
= 2.888
SD
= 0.659
 Eurobarometer (1996): study ES Castilla-Mancha 1996 15+ aged general public, Castilla-Mancha region, Spain, 1996 N = 268
Mean
= 2.840
SD
= 0.697
 Eurobarometer (1996): study ES Cataluna 1996 15+ aged general public, Cataluna region, Spain, 1996 N = 991
Mean
= 2.874
SD
= 0.683
 Eurobarometer (1996): study ES Extremadura 1996 15+ aged general public, Extremadura region, Spain, 1996 N = 168
Mean
= 2.911
SD
= 0.678
 Eurobarometer (1996): study ES Galicia 1996 15+ aged general public, Galicia region, Spain, 1996 N = 442
Mean
= 2.940
SD
= 0.587
 Eurobarometer (1996): study ES Madrid 1996 15+ aged general public, Madrid region, Spain, 1996 N = 797
Mean
= 2.884
SD
= 0.710
 Eurobarometer (1996): study ES Murcia 1996 15+ aged general public, Murcia region, Spain, 1996 N = 162
Mean
= 2.830
SD
= 0.668
 Eurobarometer (1996): study FI Keski-Suomi 1996 15+ aged general public, Keski-Suomi region, Finland, 1996 N = 211
Mean
= 3.234
SD
= 0.517
 Eurobarometer (1996): study FI Vaasan Rannikkoseutu 1996 15+ aged general public, Vaasan Rannikkoseutu region, Finland, 1996 N = 119
Mean
= 3.237
SD
= 0.590
 Eurobarometer (2004b): study NL 1985 15+ aged, general public, Netherlands, 1985 N = 985
Mean
= 3.285
SD
= 0.689
 Eurobarometer (2004b): study NL 1979 15+ aged, general public, Netherlands, 1979 N = 1023
Mean
= 3.407
SD
= 0.588
 Eurobarometer (2004b): study NL 1976 15+ aged, general public, Netherlands, 1976 N = 905
Mean
= 3.305
SD
= 0.676
 Eurobarometer (2004b): study NL 1976 /1 15+ aged, general public, Netherlands, 1976 N = 1123
Mean
= 3.295
SD
= 0.663
 Eurobarometer (2004b): study NL 1977 15+ aged, general public, Netherlands, 1977 N = 1033
Mean
= 3.278
SD
= 0.657
 Eurobarometer (2004b): study NL 1977 /1 15+ aged, general public, Netherlands, 1977 N = 960
Mean
= 3.343
SD
= 0.663
 Eurobarometer (2004b): study NL 1978 15+ aged, general public, Netherlands, 1978 N = 1131
Mean
= 3.376
SD
= 0.640
 Eurobarometer (2004b): study NL 1978 /1 15+ aged, general public, Netherlands, 1978 N = 945
Mean
= 3.378
SD
= 0.633
 Eurobarometer (2004b): study NL 1980 15+ aged, general public, Netherlands, 1980 N = 981
Mean
= 3.411
SD
= 0.602
 Eurobarometer (2004b): study NL 1975 15+ aged, general public, Netherlands, 1975 N = 1093
Mean
= 3.254
SD
= 0.649
 Eurobarometer (2004b): study NL 1981 15+ aged, general public, Netherlands, 1981 N = 1091
Mean
= 3.358
SD
= 0.655
 Eurobarometer (2004b): study NL 1982 15+ aged, general public, Netherlands, 1982 N = 1028
Mean
= 3.400
SD
= 0.600
 Eurobarometer (2004b): study NL 1982 /1 15+ aged, general public, Netherlands, 1982 N = 1056
Mean
= 3.394
SD
= 0.646
 Eurobarometer (2004b): study NL 1983 15+ aged, general public, Netherlands, 1983 N = 998
Mean
= 3.333
SD
= 0.620
 Eurobarometer (1983a): study NL 1983 15+ aged, general public, Netherlands, 1983 N = 1050
Mean
= 3.302
SD
= 0.653
 Eurobarometer (2004b): study NL 1984 15+ aged, general public, Netherlands, 1984 N = 1015
Mean
= 3.386
SD
= 0.627
 Eurobarometer (2004b): study NL 1984 /1 15+ aged, general public, Netherlands, 1984 N = 1018
Mean
= 3.412
SD
= 0.613
 Eurobarometer (2004b): study NL 1975 /1 15+ aged, general public, Netherlands, 1975 N = 1006
Mean
= 3.244
SD
= 0.674
 Eurobarometer (1996): study AT Wien 1996 15+ aged general public, Wien region, Austria, 1996 N = 623
Mean
= 3.135
SD
= 0.659
 Eurobarometer (1996): study FI Kainuu 1996 15+ aged general public, Kainuu region, Finland, 1996 N = 83
Mean
= 3.180
 Eurobarometer (1996): study SE Mellersta Norrland 1996 15+ aged, general public, Mellersta Norrland region, Sweden, 1996 N = 148
Mean
= 3.263
SD
= 0.572
 Eurobarometer (1996): study FI Lappi 1996 15+ aged general public, Lappi region, Finland, 1996 N = 102
Mean
= 3.181
SD
= 0.757
 Eurobarometer (1996): study SE Stockholm 1996 15+ aged, general public, Stockholm region, Sweden, 1996 N = 598
Mean
= 3.299
SD
= 0.565
 Eurobarometer (1996): study SE Oestra Mellansverige 1996 15+ aged, general public, Oestra Mellansverige region, Sweden, 1996 N = 537
Mean
= 3.267
SD
= 0.593
 Eurobarometer (1996): study SE Smaland Med oearna 1996 15+ aged, general public, Smaland Med oearna region, Sweden, 1996 N = 287
Mean
= 3.261
SD
= 0.583
 Eurobarometer (1996): study SE Sydsverige 1996 15+ aged, general public, Sydsverige region, Sweden, 1996 N = 461
Mean
= 3.326
SD
= 0.566
 Eurobarometer (1996): study SE Vaestverige 1996 15+ aged, general public, Vaestverige region, Sweden, 1996 N = 631
Mean
= 3.311
SD
= 0.613
 Eurobarometer (1996): study SE Norra Mellansverige 1996 15+ aged, general public, Norra Mellansverige region, Sweden, 1996 N = 318
Mean
= 3.332
SD
= 0.593
 Eurobarometer (1996): study SE Oevre Norrland 1996 15+ aged, general public, Oevre Norrland region, Sweden, 1996 N = 189
Mean
= 3.342
SD
= 0.556
 Eurobarometer (1996): study AT Burgenland 1996 15+ aged general public, Burgenland region Austria, 1996 N = 93
Mean
= 3.279
SD
= 0.744
 Eurobarometer (1996): study AT Vorarlberg 1996 15+ aged general public, Vorarlberg region, Austria, 1996 N = 125
Mean
= 3.458
SD
= 0.546
 Eurobarometer (1996): study AT Tirol 1996 15+ aged general public, Tirol region, Austria, 1996 N = 249
Mean
= 3.089
SD
= 0.874
 Eurobarometer (1996): study AT Salzburg 1996 15+ aged general public, Salzburg region, Austria, 1996 N = 186
Mean
= 3.287
SD
= 0.576
 Eurobarometer (1996): study AT Oberösterreich 1996 15+ aged general public, Oberösterreich region, Austria, 1996 N = 529
Mean
= 3.158
SD
= 0.716
 Eurobarometer (1996): study AT Steiermark 1996 15+ aged general public, Steiermark region, Austria, 1996 N = 498
Mean
= 3.184
SD
= 0.634
 Eurobarometer (1996): study AT Kärnten 1996 15+ aged general public, Kärnten region, Austria, 1996 N = 218
Mean
= 3.209
SD
= 0.614
 Eurobarometer (1996): study AT Niederösterreich 1996 15+ aged general public, Niederösterreich region, Austria, 1996 N = 591
Mean
= 3.115
SD
= 0.687
 Eurobarometer (2011a): study BG 2011 15+ aged, general public, Bulgaria, 2011 N = 1000
Mean
= 2.194
SD
= 0.804
 Eurobarometer (2011a): study RO 2011 15+ aged, general public, Romania, 2011 N = 1023
Mean
= 2.230
SD
= 0.823
 Eurobarometer (1996): study GR Peloponnisos kai Dytiki Sterea (Peleponesos) 1996 15+ aged, general public, Peloponnisos kai Dytiki Sterea (Peleponesos) region, Greece, 1996 N = 399
Mean
= 2.548
SD
= 0.720
 Eurobarometer (2012a): study HR 2012 15+ aged, general public, Croatia, 2012 N = 1000
Mean
= 2.747
SD
= 0.783
 Eurobarometer (2012a): study RO 2012 15+ aged, general public, Romania, 2012 N = 1014
Mean
= 2.323
SD
= 0.814
 Eurobarometer (2012a): study SI 2012 15+ aged, general public, Slovenia, 2012 N = 1014
Mean
= 3.020
SD
= 0.663
 Eurobarometer (2012a): study SK 2012 15+ aged, general public, Slovakia, 2012 N = 1000
Mean
= 2.740
SD
= 0.730
 Eurobarometer (2012a): study FI 2012 15+ aged, general public, Finland, 2012 N = 1007
Mean
= 3.230
SD
= 0.563
 Eurobarometer (2012a): study SE 2012 15+ aged, general public, Sweden, 2012 N = 1029
Mean
= 3.430
SD
= 0.570
 Eurobarometer (2012a): study GB 2012 15+ aged, general public, United Kingdom, 2012 N = 1304
Mean
= 3.270
SD
= 0.676
 Eurobarometer (2012a): study TR 2012 15+ aged, general public, Turkey, 2012 N = 1000
Mean
= 2.630
SD
= 0.945
 Eurobarometer (2012a): study PL 2012 15+ aged, general public, Poland, 2012 N = 1000
Mean
= 2.867
SD
= 0.617
 Eurobarometer (2012a): study MK 2012 15+ aged, general public, Macedonia, 2012 N = 1056
Mean
= 2.530
SD
= 0.974
 Eurobarometer (2012a): study IS 2012 15+ aged, general public, Iceland, 2012 N = 502
Mean
= 3.580
SD
= 0.513
 Eurobarometer (2012a): study ME 2012 15+ aged, general public, Montenegro, 2012 N = 1017
Mean
= 2.365
SD
= 0.891
 Eurobarometer (2012a): study RS 2012 15+ aged, general public, Serbia, 2012 N = 1034
Mean
= 2.175
SD
= 0.825
 Eurobarometer (2013): study BE 2013 15+ aged, general public, Belgium, 2013 N = 1013
Mean
= 3.220
SD
= 0.642
 Alesina et al. (2005): study ZZ Europe 1992 15-64 aged, employed heads of household, 10 EU countries, 1972-1995 N = 20000
Mean
= 3.000
SD
= 0.260
 Eurobarometer (2013): study BE 2013 /2 15+ aged, general public, Belgium, 2013 N = 1013
Mean
= 3.220
SD
= 0.642
 Eurobarometer (2012a): study PT 2012 15+ aged, general public, Portugal, 2012 N = 1015
Mean
= 2.120
SD
= 0.739
 Eurobarometer (2012a): study AT 2012 15+ aged, general public, Austria, 2012 N = 993
Mean
= 3.050
SD
= 0.622
 Eurobarometer (2013): study GR 2013 15+ aged, general public, Greece, 2013 N = 1000
Mean
= 2.080
SD
= 0.868
 Eurobarometer (2012a): study ES 2012 15+ aged, general public, Spain, 2012 N = 1006
Mean
= 2.760
SD
= 0.801
 Okulicz-Kozaryn (2012): study ZZ EU 25 1996 15+ aged, general public, 188 West European provinces, 1996 N = 65178
Okulicz-Kozaryn (2011a): study ZZ 1996 15+ aged, general public, the U.S. and Western Europe, 1996-2002 N = 11630
Eurobarometer (2012a): study DE 2012 15+ aged, general public, Germany, 2012 N = 1562
Mean
= 3.140
SD
= 0.648
 Eurobarometer (2012a): study EE 2012 15+ aged, general public, Estonia, 2012 N = 1003
Mean
= 2.750
SD
= 0.698
 Eurobarometer (2012a): study IE 2012 15+ aged, general public, Ireland, 2012 N = 1000
Mean
= 3.000
SD
= 0.804
 Eurobarometer (2012a): study GR 2012 15+ aged, general public, Greece, 2012 N = 1001
Mean
= 2.050
SD
= 0.841
 Eurobarometer (2012a): study FR 2012 15+ aged, general public, France, 2012 N = 1008
Mean
= 3.020
SD
= 0.678
 Eurobarometer (2012a): study MT 2012 15+ aged, general public, Malta, 2012 N = 500
Mean
= 2.910
SD
= 0.789
 Eurobarometer (2012a): study IT 2012 15+ aged, general public, Italy, 2012 N = 1032
Mean
= 2.525
SD
= 0.757
 Eurobarometer (2012a): study CY 2012 15+ aged, general public, Cyprus, 2012 N = 503
Mean
= 2.880
SD
= 0.920
 Eurobarometer (2012a): study XY Cyprus-Turkish 2012 15+ aged, general public, North Cyprus, 2012 N = 500
Mean
= 2.444
SD
= 0.913
 Eurobarometer (2012a): study LV 2012 15+ aged, general public, Latvia, 2012 N = 1011
Mean
= 2.690
SD
= 0.744
 Eurobarometer (2012a): study LT 2012 15+ aged, general public, Lithunia, 2012 N = 1019
Mean
= 2.677
SD
= 0.802
 Eurobarometer (2012a): study LU 2012 15+ aged, general public, Luxembourg, 2012 N = 502
Mean
= 3.290
SD
= 0.571
 Eurobarometer (2012a): study HU 2012 15+ aged, general public, Hungary, 2012 N = 1028
Mean
= 2.360
SD
= 0.819
 Eurobarometer (2013): study DE 2013 15+ aged, general public, Germany, 2013 N = 1554
Mean
= 3.160
SD
= 0.659
 Eurobarometer (2013): study ES 2013 15+ aged, general public, Spain, 2013 N = 1011
Mean
= 2.720
SD
= 0.838
 Eurobarometer (2012a): study CZ 2012 15+ aged, general public, Czech Republic, 2012 N = 1003
Mean
= 2.788
SD
= 0.671
 Eurobarometer (2013): study ME 2013 15+ aged, general public, Montenegro, 2013 N = 1015
Mean
= 2.443
SD
= 0.885
 Eurobarometer (2013): study BG 2013 15+ aged, general public, Bulgaria, 2013 N = 1029
Mean
= 2.081
SD
= 0.825
 Eurobarometer (2013): study HR 2013 15+ aged, general public, Croatia, 2013 N = 1000
Mean
= 2.730
SD
= 0.798
 Eurobarometer (2013): study RO 2013 15+ aged, general public, Romania, 2013 N = 1083
Mean
= 2.320
SD
= 0.859
 Eurobarometer (2013): study TR 2013 15+ aged, general public, Turkey, 2013 N = 1001
Mean
= 2.750
SD
= 0.963
 Eurobarometer (2013): study MK 2013 15+ aged, general public, Macedonia, 2013 N = 1056
Mean
= 2.550
SD
= 0.931
 Eurobarometer (2013): study IS 2013 15+ aged, general public, Iceland, 2013 N = 511
Mean
= 3.596
SD
= 0.511
 Eurobarometer (2013): study RS 2013 15+ aged, general public, Serbia, 2013 N = 1006
Mean
= 2.237
SD
= 0.822
 Eurobarometer (2013): study SI 2013 15+ aged, general public, Slovenia, 2013 N = 1011
Mean
= 3.030
SD
= 0.670
 Eurobarometer (2013): study XY Cyprus-Turkish 2013 15+ aged, general public, Cyprus-Turkish, De facto nation, 2013 N = 500
Mean
= 2.333
SD
= 0.778
 Bjornskov (2014): study ZZ EU 27 1975 15+ aged, 29 EU nations, 2007-2010 N = 150000
Mean
= 2.300
SD
= 0.330
 Radcliff (2005): study ZZ 1975 15+ aged, general public, EU 10, 10 nations, 1975 N = 10000
Walsh (2012): study ZZ EU 27 2004 /1 18+ aged, general public, 23 European nations, 2004 N = 196000
Mean
= 1.920
SD
= 0.360
 Eurobarometer (2013a): study BE 2013 15+ aged, general public, Belgium, 2013 N = 1063
Mean
= 3.240
SD
= 0.602
 Eurobarometer (2013a): study BG 2013 15+ aged, general public, Bulgaria, 2013 N = 1027
Mean
= 2.131
SD
= 0.849
 Eurobarometer (2013a): study CZ 2013 15+ aged, general public, Czech Republic, 2013 N = 1000
Mean
= 2.870
SD
= 0.627
 Eurobarometer (2013): study SK 2013 15+ aged, general public, Slovakia, 2013 N = 0
Mean
= 2.730
SD
= 0.733
 Eurobarometer (2013): study PL 2013 15+ aged, general public, Poland, 2013 N = 1000
Mean
= 2.816
SD
= 0.690
 Eurobarometer (2013): study FR 2013 15+ aged, general public, France, 2013 N = 1019
Mean
= 2.930
SD
= 0.682
 Eurobarometer (2013): study SE 2013 15+ aged, general public, Sweden, 2013 N = 1011
Mean
= 3.455
SD
= 0.555
 Eurobarometer (2013): study IE 2013 15+ aged, general public, Ireland, 2013 N = 1002
Mean
= 3.010
SD
= 0.759
 Eurobarometer (2013): study IT 2013 15+ aged, general public, Italy, 2013 N = 1011
Mean
= 2.586
SD
= 0.739
 Eurobarometer (2013): study LU 2013 15+ aged, general public, Luxembourg, 2013 N = 505
Mean
= 3.260
SD
= 0.642
 Eurobarometer (2013): study NL 2013 15+ aged, general public, Netherlands, 2013 N = 1021
Mean
= 3.410
SD
= 0.618
 Eurobarometer (2013): study AT 2013 15+ aged, general public, Austria, 2013 N = 999
Mean
= 3.051
SD
= 0.626
 Eurobarometer (2013): study PT 2013 15+ aged, general public, Portugal, 2013 N = 1004
Mean
= 2.110
SD
= 0.786
 Eurobarometer (2013): study FI 2013 15+ aged, general public, Finland, 2013 N = 956
Mean
= 3.270
SD
= 0.598
 Eurobarometer (2013): study GB 2013 15+ aged, general public, United Kingdom, 2013 N = 1305
Mean
= 3.270
SD
= 0.691
 Eurobarometer (2013): study MT 2013 15+ aged, general public, Malta, 2013 N = 500
Mean
= 3.210
SD
= 0.637
 Eurobarometer (2013): study ZZ EU 27 2013 15+ aged, general public, EU 27, Multiple nations, 2013 N = 26605
Mean
= 2.880
SD
= 0.803
 Eurobarometer (2013): study CZ 2013 15+ aged, general public, Czech Republic, 2013 N = 1001
Mean
= 2.940
SD
= 0.562
 Eurobarometer (2012): study EE 2013 15+ aged, general public, Estonia, 2013 N = 1002
Mean
= 2.750
SD
= 0.684
 Eurobarometer (2013): study CY 2013 15+ aged, general public, Cyprus, 2013 N = 505
Mean
= 2.780
SD
= 0.901
 Eurobarometer (2013): study LV 2013 15+ aged, general public, Latvia, 2013 N = 1002
Mean
= 2.730
SD
= 0.773
 Eurobarometer (2013): study LT 2013 15+ aged, general public, Lithuania, 2013 N = 1029
Mean
= 2.707
SD
= 0.820
 Eurobarometer (2013): study HU 2013 15+ aged, general public, Hungary, 2013 N = 1027
Mean
= 2.370
SD
= 0.796
 Okulicz-Kozaryn (2010): study ZZ 1996 15+ aged, general public, 188 West European provinces, 1996 N = 65178
Eurobarometer (2012a): study BG 2012 15+ aged, general public, Bulgaria, 2012 N = 1020
Mean
= 2.242
SD
= 0.818
 Eurobarometer (2011a): study TR 2011 15+ aged, general public, Turkey, 2011 N = 1000
Mean
= 2.680
SD
= 1.067
 Eurobarometer (2011): study MT 2011 15+ aged, general public, Malta, 2011 N = 500
Mean
= 2.910
SD
= 0.814
 Eurobarometer (2011b): study CZ 2011 15+ aged, general public, Czech Republic, 2011 N = 1002
Mean
= 2.859
SD
= 0.620
 Eurobarometer (2011b): study EE 2011 15+ aged, general public, Estonia, 2011 N = 1003
Mean
= 2.700
SD
= 0.686
 Eurobarometer (2011): study CY 2011 15+ aged, general public, Cyprus, 2011 N = 504
Mean
= 2.990
SD
= 0.843
 Eurobarometer (2011b): study LV 2011 15+ aged, general public, Latvia, 2011 N = 1009
Mean
= 2.650
SD
= 0.779
 Eurobarometer (2011b): study LT 2011 15+ aged, general public, Lithuania, 2011 N = 1026
Mean
= 2.566
SD
= 0.843
 Eurobarometer (2011b): study HU 2011 15+ aged, general public, Hungary, 2011 N = 1021
Mean
= 2.374
SD
= 0.848
 Eurobarometer (2011b): study PL 2011 15+ aged, general public, Poland, 2011 N = 1000
Mean
= 2.814
SD
= 0.663
 Eurobarometer (2011b): study SE 2011 15+ aged, general public, Sweden, 2011 N = 1022
Mean
= 3.480
SD
= 0.556
 Eurobarometer (2011b): study SI 2011 15+ aged, general public, Slovenia, 2011 N = 1017
Mean
= 3.000
SD
= 0.678
 Eurobarometer (2011): study SK 2011 15+ aged, general public, Slovakia, 2011 N = 1000
Mean
= 2.778
SD
= 0.690
 Eurobarometer (2011b): study BG 2011 15+ aged, general public, Bulgaria, 2011 N = 1003
Mean
= 2.222
SD
= 0.760
 Eurobarometer (2011b): study HR 2011 15+ aged, general public, Croatia, 2011 N = 1000
Mean
= 2.758
SD
= 0.818
 Eurobarometer (2011b): study RO 2011 15+ aged, general public, Romania, 2011 N = 1011
Mean
= 2.424
SD
= 0.780
 Eurobarometer (2011b): study TR 2011 15+ aged, general public, Turkey, 2011 N = 1001
Mean
= 2.640
SD
= 0.975
 Eurobarometer (2011): study MK 2011 15+ aged, general public, Macedonia, 2011 N = 1056
Mean
= 2.610
SD
= 0.904
 Eurobarometer (2011b): study GB 2011 15+ aged, general public, United Kingdom, 2011 N = 1312
Mean
= 3.230
SD
= 0.719
 Eurobarometer (2011b): study FI 2011 15+ aged, general public, Finland, 2011 N = 1002
Mean
= 3.280
SD
= 0.601
 Eurobarometer (2011b): study ME 2011 15+ aged, general public, Montenegro, 2011 N = 1008
Mean
= 2.556
SD
= 0.855
 Eurobarometer (2011b): study DE 2011 15+ aged, general public, Germany, 2011 N = 1538
Mean
= 3.130
SD
= 0.658
 Eurobarometer (2011a): study MK 2011 15+ aged, general public, Macedonia, 2011 N = 1056
Mean
= 2.465
SD
= 0.957
 Eurobarometer (2011a): study IS 2011 15+ aged, general public, Iceland, 2011 N = 500
Mean
= 3.550
SD
= 0.589
 Eurobarometer (2011a): study ME 2011 15+ aged, general public, Montenegro, 2011 N = 1000
Mean
= 2.525
SD
= 0.833
 Eurobarometer (2011a): study XY Cyprus-Turkish 2011 15+ aged, general public, North Cyprus, 2010 N = 500
Mean
= 2.530
SD
= 0.842
 Eurobarometer (2011b): study ZZ EU 27 2011 15+ aged, general public, EU 27, 2011 N = 26594
Mean
= 2.889
SD
= 0.777
 Eurobarometer (2011b): study BE 2011 15+ aged, general public, Belgium, 2011 N = 1028
Mean
= 3.100
SD
= 0.686
 Eurobarometer (2011b): study GR 2011 15+ aged, general public, Greece, 2011 N = 1000
Mean
= 2.150
SD
= 0.829
 Eurobarometer (2011b): study PT 2011 15+ aged, general public, Portugal, 2011 N = 1002
Mean
= 2.273
SD
= 0.789
 Eurobarometer (2011b): study ES 2011 15+ aged, general public, Spain, 2011 N = 1004
Mean
= 2.760
SD
= 0.723
 Eurobarometer (2011b): study FR 2011 15+ aged, general public, France, 2011 N = 1031
Mean
= 2.859
SD
= 0.739
 Eurobarometer (2011b): study IE 2011 15+ aged, general public, Ireland, 2011 N = 1015
Mean
= 3.121
SD
= 0.715
 Eurobarometer (2011b): study IT 2011 15+ aged, general public, Italy, 2011 N = 1031
Mean
= 2.626
SD
= 0.660
 Eurobarometer (2011b): study LU 2011 15+ aged, general public, Luxembourg, 2011 N = 498
Mean
= 3.300
SD
= 0.624
 Eurobarometer (2011b): study NL 2011 15+ aged, general public, Netherlands, 2011 N = 1005
Mean
= 3.500
SD
= 0.557
 Eurobarometer (2011b): study AT 2011 15+ aged, general public, Austria, 2011 N = 1001
Mean
= 3.020
SD
= 0.651
 Eurobarometer (2011b): study IS 2011 15+ aged, general public, Iceland, 2011 N = 500
Mean
= 3.535
SD
= 0.556
 Eurobarometer (2011): study XY Cyprus-Turkish 2011 15+ aged, general public, North Cyprus, 2011 N = 500
Mean
= 2.670
SD
= 0.825
 Eurobarometer (2012a): study ZZ EU 27 2012 15+ aged, general public, EU 27, Multiple nations, 2012 N = 26622
Mean
= 2.890
SD
= 0.799
 Eurobarometer (2012): study RO 2012 15+ aged, general public, Romania, 2012 N = 1073
Mean
= 2.394
SD
= 0.814
 Eurobarometer (2012): study MT 2012 15+ aged, general public, Malta, 2012 N = 500
Mean
= 2.960
SD
= 0.774
 Eurobarometer (2012): study PL 2012 15+ aged, general public, Poland, 2012 N = 1000
Mean
= 2.835
SD
= 0.684
 Eurobarometer (2012): study SI 2012 15+ aged, general public, Slovenia, 2012 N = 1023
Mean
= 3.050
SD
= 0.654
 Eurobarometer (2012): study SK 2012 15+ aged, general public, Slovakia, 2012 N = 1000
Mean
= 2.740
SD
= 0.783
 Eurobarometer (2012): study BG 2012 15+ aged, general public, Bulgaria, 2012 N = 1016
Mean
= 2.224
SD
= 0.815
 Eurobarometer (2012): study HR 2012 15+ aged, general public, Croatia, 2012 N = 1000
Mean
= 2.758
SD
= 0.818
 Eurobarometer (2012): study TR 2012 15+ aged, general public, Turkey, 2012 N = 1000
Mean
= 2.810
SD
= 0.935
 Eurobarometer (2012): study LT 2012 15+ aged, general public, Lithuania, 2012 N = 1019
Mean
= 2.660
SD
= 0.839
 Eurobarometer (2012): study MK 2012 15+ aged, general public, Macedonia, 2012 N = 1056
Mean
= 2.580
SD
= 0.940
 Eurobarometer (2012): study IS 2012 15+ aged, general public, Iceland, 2012 N = 5000
Mean
= 3.540
SD
= 0.639
 Eurobarometer (2012): study ME 2012 15+ aged, general public, Montenegro, 2012 N = 1015
Mean
= 2.389
SD
= 0.837
 Eurobarometer (2012): study RS 2012 15+ aged, general public, Serbia, 2012 N = 1020
Mean
= 2.175
SD
= 0.787
 Eurobarometer (2012): study XY Cyprus-Turkish 2012 15+ aged, general public, North Cyprus, 2012 N = 500
Mean
= 2.430
SD
= 0.791
 Eurobarometer (2012a): study NL 2012 15+ aged, general public, Netherlands, 2012 N = 1016
Mean
= 3.400
SD
= 0.632
 Eurobarometer (2012a): study BE 2012 /1 15+ aged, general public, Belgium, 2012 N = 1031
Mean
= 3.150
SD
= 0.669
 Eurobarometer (2012): study HU 2012 15+ aged, general public, Hungary, 2012 N = 1010
Mean
= 2.290
SD
= 0.816
 Eurobarometer (2012): study LV 2012 15+ aged, general public, Latvia, 2012 N = 1007
Mean
= 2.700
SD
= 0.700
 Eurobarometer (2012): study BE 2012 15+ aged, general public, Belgium, 2012 N = 1076
Mean
= 3.180
SD
= 0.638
 Eurobarometer (2012): study LU 2012 15+ aged, general public, Luxembourg, 2012 N = 507
Mean
= 3.330
SD
= 0.649
 Eurobarometer (2012): study NL 2012 15+ aged, general public, Netherlands, 2012 N = 1012
Mean
= 3.430
SD
= 0.636
 Eurobarometer (2012): study DE 2012 15+ aged, general public, Germany, 2012 N = 1502
Mean
= 3.130
SD
= 0.643
 Eurobarometer (2012): study GR 2012 15+ aged, general public, Greece, 2012 N = 1001
Mean
= 2.020
SD
= 0.860
 Eurobarometer (2012): study ES 2012 15+ aged, general public, Spain, 2012 N = 1006
Mean
= 2.800
SD
= 0.775
 Eurobarometer (2012): study FR 2012 15+ aged, general public, France, 2012 N = 1007
Mean
= 3.010
SD
= 0.685
 Eurobarometer (2012): study IE 2012 15+ aged, general public, Ireland, 2012 N = 1000
Mean
= 3.150
SD
= 0.669
 Eurobarometer (2012): study IT 2012 15+ aged, general public, Italy, 2012 N = 1036
Mean
= 2.560
SD
= 0.779
 Eurobarometer (2012): study AT 2012 15+ aged, general public, Austria, 2012 N = 993
Mean
= 3.040
SD
= 0.647
 Eurobarometer (2012): study CY 2012 15+ aged, general public, Cyprus, 2012 N = 505
Mean
= 3.040
SD
= 0.824
 Eurobarometer (2012): study PT 2012 15+ aged, general public, Portugal, 2012 N = 1010
Mean
= 2.130
SD
= 0.783
 Eurobarometer (2012): study FI 2012 15+ aged, general public, Finland, 2012 N = 1001
Mean
= 3.260
SD
= 0.594
 Eurobarometer (2012): study SE 2012 15+ aged, general public, Sweden, 2012 N = 1019
Mean
= 3.480
SD
= 0.538
 Eurobarometer (2012): study GB 2012 15+ aged, general public, United Kingdom, 2012 N = 1305
Mean
= 3.290
SD
= 0.668
 Eurobarometer (2012): study CZ 2012 15+ aged, general public, Czech Republic, 2012 N = 1002
Mean
= 2.880
SD
= 0.637
 Eurobarometer (2012): study ZZ EU 27 2012 15+ aged, general public, EU 27, 2012 N = 26637
Mean
= 2.920
SD
= 0.783
 Eurobarometer (2012): study EE 2012 15+ aged, general public, Estonia, 2012 N = 1000
Mean
= 2.750
SD
= 0.712
 Eurobarometer (1996): study GR Ipeiros (Epirus) 1996 15+ aged general public, Ipeiros (Epirus) region, Greece, 1996 N = 141
Mean
= 2.703
SD
= 0.736
 Eurobarometer (1996): study GR Anatolii Steea kai Nissia (also Greater Athens) 1996 15+ aged, general public, Anatolii Steea kai Nissia (also Greater Athens) region, Greece, 1996 N = 1332
Mean
= 2.601
SD
= 0.775
 Eurobarometer (2013a): study EE 2013 15+ aged, general public, Estonia, 2013 N = 1004
Mean
= 2.780
SD
= 0.672
 GESIS (2007): study NO Buskerud 1990 18+ aged, general public, Buskerud region, Norway, 1990-2002 N = 638
Mean
= 3.413
SD
= 0.590
 GESIS (2007): study NO Nord-Trøndelag 1990 18+ aged, general public, Nord-Trøndelag region, Norway, 1990-2002 N = 282
Mean
= 3.393
SD
= 0.568
 GESIS (2007): study NO Sør-Trøndelag 1990 18+ aged, general public, Sør-Trøndelag region, Norway, 1990-2002 N = 664
Mean
= 3.386
SD
= 0.640
 GESIS (2007): study NO Akerhus 1990 18+ aged, general public, Akerhus region, Norway, 1990-2002 N = 843
Mean
= 3.454
SD
= 0.609
 GESIS (2007): study NO Oslo 1990 18+ aged, general public, Oslo region, Norway, 1990-2002 N = 1155
Mean
= 3.418
SD
= 0.619
 GESIS (2007): study NO Hedmark 1990 18+ aged, general public, Hedmark region, Norway, 1990-2002 N = 431
Mean
= 3.350
SD
= 0.660
 GESIS (2007): study NO Oppland 1990 18+ aged, general public, Oppland region, Norway, 1990-2002 N = 466
Mean
= 3.344
SD
= 0.620
 GESIS (2007): study NO Telemark 1990 18+ aged, general public, Telemark region, Norway, 1990-2002 N = 448
Mean
= 3.436
SD
= 0.595
 GESIS (2007): study NO Troms 1990 18+ aged, general public, Troms region, Norway, 1990-2002 N = 408
Mean
= 3.313
SD
= 0.619
 GESIS (2007): study NO Vestfold 1990 18+ aged, general public, Vestfold region, Norway, 1990-2002 N = 493
Mean
= 3.499
SD
= 0.615
 GESIS (2007): study NO Østfold 1990 18+ aged, general public, Østfold region, Norway, 1990-2002 N = 623
Mean
= 3.299
SD
= 0.706
 GESIS (2007): study NO Møre og Romsdal 1990 18+ aged, general public, Møre og Romsdal region, Norway, 1990-2002 N = 489
Mean
= 3.280
SD
= 0.712
 GESIS (2007): study NO Sogn og Fjordane 1990 18+ aged, general public, Sogn og Fjordane region, Norway, 1990-2002 N = 237
Mean
= 3.233
SD
= 0.574
 GESIS (2007): study NO Hordaland (Fjords) 1990 18+ aged, general public, Hordaland (Fjords) region, Norway, 1990-2002 N = 1016
Mean
= 3.192
SD
= 0.754
 GESIS (2007): study NO Rogaland 1990 18+ aged, general public, Rogaland region, Norway, 1990-2002 N = 654
Mean
= 3.398
SD
= 0.592
 GESIS (2007): study NO Vest Agder 1990 18+ aged, general public, Vest Agder region, Norway, 1990-2002 N = 366
Mean
= 3.565
SD
= 0.622
 GESIS (2007): study NO NO Nordland 1990 18+ aged, general public, NO Nordland region, Norway, 1990-2002 N = 524
Mean
= 3.248
SD
= 0.639
 GESIS (2007): study NO Finnmark 1990 18+ aged, general public, Finnmark, Norway, 1990-2002 N = 112
Mean
= 3.271
SD
= 0.662
 GESIS (2007): study FI 1990 18+ aged, general public, Finland, 1990 N = 2245
Mean
= 3.134
SD
= 0.609
 GESIS (2007): study DE Frankfurt-Oder 1990 18+ aged, general public, Frankfurt-Oder region, Germany, 1990 N = 925
Mean
= 2.750
SD
= 0.667
 GESIS (2007): study DE Neu-Brandenburg Vorpommern 1990 18+ aged, general public, Neu-Brandenburg Vorpommern, Germany, 1990-2002 N = 730
Mean
= 2.705
SD
= 0.637
 GESIS (2007): study DE Halle Sachsen Anhalt 1990 18+ aged, general public, Halle Sachsen Anhalt, Germany, 1990-2002 N = 3937
Mean
= 2.776
SD
= 0.671
 GESIS (2007): study DE Magdeburg Sachsen Anhalt 1990 18+ aged, general public, Magdeburg Sachsen Anhalt, Germany, 1990-2002 N = 3884
Mean
= 2.767
SD
= 0.711
 GESIS (2007): study DE Dessau 1990 18+ aged, general public, Dessau, Germany, 1990-2002 N = 985
Mean
= 2.727
SD
= 0.689
 GESIS (2007): study DE Brandenburg 1990 18+ aged, general public, Brandenburg, Germany, 1990-2002 N = 4626
Mean
= 2.747
SD
= 0.760
 GESIS (2007): study DE Cottbus Brandenburg 1990 18+ aged, general public, Cottbus Brandenburg region, Germany, 1990-2002 N = 917
Mean
= 2.748
SD
= 0.653
 GESIS (2007): study DE Potsdam Brandenburg 1990 18+ aged, general public, Potsdam Brandenburg region, Germany, 1990-2002 N = 1472
Mean
= 2.784
SD
= 0.676
 GESIS (2007): study DE Leipzig 1990 18+ aged, general public, Leipzig region, Germany, 1990-2002 N = 3207
Mean
= 2.780
SD
= 0.667
 GESIS (2007): study DE Thueringen 1990 18+ aged, general public, Thueringen region, Germany, 1990 N = 4480
Mean
= 2.774
SD
= 0.664
 GESIS (2007): study DE Erfurt Thüringen 1990 18+ aged, general public, Erfurt Thüringen, Germany, 1990-2002 N = 1650
Mean
= 2.710
SD
= 0.659
 GESIS (2007): study DE Gera Thüringen 1990 18+ aged, general public, Gera Thüringen, Germany, 1990-2002 N = 972
Mean
= 2.790
SD
= 0.638
 GESIS (2007): study DE Suhl Thüringen 1990 18+ aged, general public, Suhl Thüringen region, Germany, 1990 N = 686
Mean
= 2.715
SD
= 0.712
 GESIS (2007): study DE Sachsen 1990 18+ aged, general public, Sachsen, Germany, 1990-2002 N = 1774
Mean
= 2.623
SD
= 0.625
 GESIS (2007): study DE Chemnitz 1990 18+ aged, general public, Chemnitz, Germany, 1990-2002 N = 4888
Mean
= 2.824
SD
= 0.626
 GESIS (2007): study DE Dresden 1990 18+ aged, general public, Dresden region, Germany, 1990-2002 N = 4516
Mean
= 2.774
SD
= 0.683
 GESIS (2007): study NO Aust Agder 1990 18+ aged, general public, Aust Agder region, Norway, 1990-2002 N = 222
Mean
= 3.553
SD
= 0.552
 GESIS (2007): study FI Lappi 1990 18+ aged, general public, Lappi region, Finland, 1990-2002 N = 1217
Mean
= 3.113
SD
= 0.644
 GESIS (2007): study DE Rostock Vorpommern 1990 18+ aged, general public, Rostock Vorpommern, Germany, 1990-2002 N = 1178
Mean
= 2.760
SD
= 0.691
 GESIS (2007): study SE Oestra Mellansverige 1990 18+ aged, general public, Oestra Mellansverige region, Sweden, 1990-2002 N = 1882
Mean
= 3.304
SD
= 0.650
 GESIS (2007): study SE Vaestverige 1990 18+ aged, general public, Vaestverige region, Sweden, 1990-2002 N = 2289
Mean
= 3.375
SD
= 0.564
 GESIS (2007): study SE Vaestverige Göteborg och Bohus 1990 18+ aged, general public, Vaestverige Göteborg och Bohus region, Sweden, 1990-2002 N = 264
Mean
= 3.374
SD
= 0.544
 GESIS (2007): study SE Vaestverige Älvsborg 1990 18+ aged, general public, Vaestverige Älvsborg region, Sweden, 1990-2002 N = 159
Mean
= 3.470
SD
= 0.499
 GESIS (2007): study SE Stockholm ( E) 1990 18+ aged, general public, Stockholm region, Sweden, 1990-2002 N = 3598
Mean
= 3.339
SD
= 0.583
 GESIS (2007): study SE Stockholm 1990 18+ aged, general public, Stockholm region, Sweden, 1990-2002 N = 5646
Mean
= 3.322
SD
= 0.606
 GESIS (2007): study SE Stockholms Län 1990 18+ aged, general public, Stockholms Län region, Sweden, 1990-2002 N = 549
Mean
= 3.368
SD
= 0.515
 GESIS (2007): study SE Uppsala Ostra Mellansverige 1990 18+ aged, general public, Uppsala Ostra Mellansverige region, Sweden, 1990-2002 N = 145
Mean
= 3.120
SD
= 0.551
 GESIS (2007): study SE Mellersta Norrland Västermorrland 1990 18+ aged, general public, Mellersta Norrland Västermorrland region, Sweden, 1990-2002 N = 124
Mean
= 3.406
SD
= 0.543
 GESIS (2007): study SE Östergötland Ostra Mellansverige 1990 18+ aged, general public, Östergötland Ostra Mellansverige region, Sweden, 1990-2002 N = 120
Mean
= 3.040
SD
= 0.635
 GESIS (2007): study SE Götaland 1990 18+ aged, general public, Götaland region, Sweden, 1990-2002 N = 6116
Mean
= 3.372
SD
= 0.585
 GESIS (2007): study SE Smaland med öarna 1990 18+ aged, general public, Smaland med öarna region, Sweden, 1990-2002 N = 1151
Mean
= 3.411
SD
= 0.567
 GESIS (2007): study SE Sydsverige 1990 18+ aged, general public, Sydsverige region, Sweden, 1990-2002 N = 1723
Mean
= 3.295
SD
= 0.642
 GESIS (2007): study SE Malmö 1990 18+ aged, general public, Malmö region, Sweden, 1990-2002 N = 402
Mean
= 3.298
SD
= 0.556
 GESIS (2007): study AT Oberösterreich 1990 18+ aged, general public, Oberösterreich region, Austria, 1990 N = 5765
Mean
= 3.208
SD
= 0.630
 GESIS (2007): study AT Niederösterreich 1990 18+ aged general public, Niederösterreich region, Austria, 1990 N = 6860
Mean
= 3.119
SD
= 0.638
 GESIS (2007): study SE Norra Mellansverige Kopparberg 1990 18+ aged, general public, Norra Mellansverige Kopparberg region, Sweden, 1990-2002 N = 220
Mean
= 3.271
SD
= 0.474
 GESIS (2007): study SE Mellersta Norrland 1990 18+ aged, general public, Mellersta Norrland region, Sweden, 1990-2002 N = 616
Mean
= 3.273
SD
= 0.617
 GESIS (2007): study FI Keski-Suomi 1990 18+ aged, general public, Keski-Suomi region, Finland, 1990-2002 N = 1757
Mean
= 3.123
SD
= 0.605
 GESIS (2007): study FI Satakunta 1990 18+ aged, general public, Satakunta region, Finland, 1990-2002 N = 1624
Mean
= 3.146
SD
= 0.689
 GESIS (2007): study FI Etelä-Pohjanmaa 1990 18+ aged, general public, Etelä-Pohjanmaa region,Finland, 1990-2002 N = 1408
Mean
= 3.148
SD
= 0.621
 GESIS (2007): study FI Vaasan Rannikkoseutu 1990 18+ aged, general public, Vaasan Rannikkoseutu region, Finland, 1990-2002 N = 1005
Mean
= 3.199
SD
= 0.560
 GESIS (2007): study FI Itä-Suomi Etelä-Savo-Södra Savolax 1990 18+ aged, general public, Itä-Suomi Etelä-Savo-Södra Savolax region, Finland, 1990-2002 N = 1130
Mean
= 3.173
SD
= 0.588
 GESIS (2007): study FI Itä-Suomi Pohjois-Savo-Norra Savolax 1990 18+ aged, general public, Itä-Suomi Pohjois-Savo-Norra Savolax region, Finland, 1990-2002 N = 1647
Mean
= 3.109
SD
= 0.626
 GESIS (2007): study FI Itä-Suomi Pohjois-Karjala- Norra Karelen 1990 18+ aged, general public, Itä-Suomi Pohjois-Karjala- Norra Karelen region, Finland, 1990-2002 N = 1218
Mean
= 3.041
SD
= 0.598
 GESIS (2007): study FI Itä-Suomi Kainuu- Kajanaland 1990 18+ aged, general public, Itä-Suomi Kainuu- Kajanaland region, Finland, 1990-2002 N = 719
Mean
= 2.930
SD
= 0.691
 GESIS (2007): study FI Varsinais-Suomi-Egentliga 1990 18+ aged, general public, Varsinais-Suomi-Egentliga region, Finland, 1990-2002 N = 3013
Mean
= 3.084
SD
= 0.649
 GESIS (2007): study FI Etalä-Suomi Häme Tavastland 1990 18+ aged, general public, Etalä-Suomi Häme Tavastland region, Finland, 1990-2002 N = 1103
Mean
= 3.143
SD
= 0.671
 GESIS (2007): study SE Ovre Norrland Västerbotten 1990 18+ aged, general public, Ovre Norrland Västerbotten region, Sweden, 1990-2002 N = 126
Mean
= 3.586
SD
= 0.492
 GESIS (2007): study FI Pirkanmaa Birkaland 1990 18+ aged, general public, Pirkanmaa Birkaland region, Finland, 1990-2002 N = 2846
Mean
= 3.079
SD
= 0.600
 GESIS (2007): study FI Paijat Häme 1990 18+ aged, general public, Paijat Häme region, Finland, 1990-2002 N = 1323
Mean
= 3.158
SD
= 0.575
 GESIS (2007): study FI Kymenlaakso Kymenedalen 1990 18+ aged, general public, Kymenlaakso Kymenedalen region, Finland, 1990-2002 N = 1252
Mean
= 3.125
SD
= 0.635
 GESIS (2007): study FI Etalä Karjala Södra Karelen 1990 18+ aged, general public, Etalä Karjala Södra Karelen region, Finland, 1990-2002 N = 912
Mean
= 3.082
SD
= 0.716
 GESIS (2007): study FI Uusimaa (region around Helsinki) 1990 18+ aged, general public, Uusimaa (region around Helsinki) region, Finland, 1990-2002 N = 8275
Mean
= 3.204
SD
= 0.608
 GESIS (2007): study SE SE North West 1990 18+ aged, general public, Sweden North West region, Sweden, 1990-2002 N = 2357
Mean
= 3.315
SD
= 0.607
 GESIS (2007): study SE Oevre Norrland 1990 18+ aged, general public, Oevre Norrland region, Sweden, 1990-2002 N = 690
Mean
= 3.511
SD
= 0.562
 GESIS (2007): study DE Schwerin Vorpommern 1990 18+ aged, general public, Schwerin Vorpommern, Germany, 1990-2002 N = 582
Mean
= 2.751
SD
= 0.639
 GESIS (2007): study DE Mecklenburg-Vorpommern 1990 18+ aged, general public, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany, 1990-2002 N = 3240
GESIS (2007): study AT Burgenland 1990 18+ aged, general public, Burgenland region, Austria, 1990 N = 1233
Mean
= 3.078
SD
= 0.671
 GESIS (2007): study GB Leinster Meath 1990 18+ aged, general public, Leinster Meath region, United Kingdom, 1990-2002 N = 2277
Mean
= 3.066
SD
= 0.757
 GESIS (2007): study GB North Yorkshire 1990 18+ aged, general public, North Yorkshire region, United Kingdom, 1990 N = 542
Mean
= 3.192
SD
= 0.647
 GESIS (2007): study GB West Yorkshire 1990 18+ aged, general public, West Yorkshire region, United Kingdom, 1990-2002 N = 1859
Mean
= 3.169
SD
= 0.694
 GESIS (2007): study GB South Yorkshire 1990 18+ aged, general public, South Yorkshire region, United Kingdom, 1990-2002 N = 1382
Mean
= 3.171
SD
= 0.755
 GESIS (2007): study GB Clwyd, Dyfed, Gwynedd,P owys 1990 18+ aged, general public, Clwyd,Dyfed,Gwynedd,Powys region, United Kingdom, 1990-2002 N = 904
Mean
= 3.146
SD
= 0.704
 GESIS (2007): study GB Gwent, Mid-S-W Glamorgan 1990 18+ aged, general public, Gwent,Mid-S-W Glamorgan region, United Kingdom, 1990-2002 N = 1656
Mean
= 3.152
SD
= 0.718
 GESIS (2007): study GB Schropshire,Staffordshire 1990 18+ aged, general public, Schropshire,Staffordshire region, United Kingdom, 1990-2002 N = 1414
Mean
= 3.130
SD
= 0.741
 GESIS (2007): study GB Hereford and Worcester, Warwickshire 1990 18+ aged, general public, Hereford and Worcester,Warwickshire region, United Kingdom, 1990-2002 N = 933
Mean
= 3.113
SD
= 0.748
 GESIS (2007): study GB Cheshire 1990 18+ aged, general public, Cheshire region, United Kingdom, 1990-2002 N = 935
Mean
= 3.170
SD
= 0.736
 GESIS (2007): study GB Derbyshire 1990 18+ aged, general public, Derbyshire,Nottinghamshire region, United Kingdom, 1990-2002 N = 1879
Mean
= 3.170
SD
= 0.682
 GESIS (2007): study GB Leicestershire, Northamptonshire 1990 18+ aged, general public, Leicestershire,Northamptonshire region, United Kingdom, 1990-2002 N = 1407
Mean
= 3.201
SD
= 0.658
 GESIS (2007): study GB East Anglia 1990 18+ aged, general public, East Anglia region, United Kingdom, 1990-2002 N = 1896
Mean
= 3.218
SD
= 0.679
 GESIS (2007): study GB Avon,Gloucestershire,Wiltshire 1990 18+ aged, general public, Avon,Gloucestershire,Wiltshire region, United Kingdom, 1990-2002 N = 1888
Mean
= 3.177
SD
= 0.713
 GESIS (2007): study GB Dorset, Somerset 1990 18+ aged, general public, Dorset,Somerset region, nited Kingdom, 1990-2002 N = 978
Mean
= 3.222
SD
= 0.652
 GESIS (2007): study GB Cornwall UA 1990 18+ aged, general public, Corwall Devon, United Kingdom, 1990-2002 N = 1392
Mean
= 3.110
SD
= 0.723
 GESIS (2007): study GB Buckinghamshire 1990 18+ aged, general public, Berksshire,Buckinghamshire,Oxfordshire region, United Kingdom, 1990-2002 N = 1351
Mean
= 3.196
SD
= 0.666
 GESIS (2007): study GB Humberside 1990 18+ aged, general public, Humberside region, United Kingdom, 1990-2002 N = 962
Mean
= 3.123
SD
= 0.779
 GESIS (2007): study GB Merseyside 1990 18+ aged, general public, Merseyside region, United Kingdom, 1990-2002 N = 1346
Mean
= 3.073
SD
= 0.807
 GESIS (2007): study GB South East Essex 1990 18+ aged, general public, South East Essex region, United Kingdom, 1990-2002 N = 2254
Mean
= 3.194
SD
= 0.693
 GESIS (2007): study IE South west (Kerry / Cork) 1990 18+ aged, general public, South west (Kerry / Cork) region, Ireland, 1990 -2002 N = 7308
Mean
= 3.237
SD
= 0.721
 GESIS (2007): study IE West (Mayo / Galway) 1990 18+ aged, general public,West (Mayo / Galway) region, Ireland, 1990-2002 N = 2577
Mean
= 3.222
SD
= 0.721
 GESIS (2007): study IE Connaught 1990 18+ aged, general public, Connaught region, Ireland, 1990-2002 N = 2577
Mean
= 3.281
SD
= 0.685
 GESIS (2007): study IE Mid west (Limerick / Clare / Tippary / North Riding) 1990 18+ aged, general public,Mid west (Limerick / Clare / Tippary / North Riding) region, Ireland, 1990-2002 N = 4300
Mean
= 3.244
SD
= 0.767
 GESIS (2007): study IE Midlands (Westmeath / Roscommon / Longford / Laois / Offaly) 1990 18+ aged, general public, Midlands (Westmeath / Roscommon / Longford / Laois / Offaly) region, Ireland, 1990-2002 N = 3663
Mean
= 3.176
SD
= 0.661
 GESIS (2007): study IE Dublin 1990 18+ aged, general public, Dublin region, Ireland, 1990-2002 N = 18565
Mean
= 3.185
SD
= 0.724
 GESIS (2007): study IE South east (Waterford / Wexford) 1990 18+ aged, general public,South east (Waterford / Wexford) region, Ireland, 1990-2002 N = 5147
Mean
= 3.321
SD
= 0.699
 GESIS (2007): study GB Grampian 1990 18+ aged, general public, Grampian region, United Kingdom, 1990-2002 N = 503
Mean
= 3.239
SD
= 0.561
 GESIS (2007): study GB Greater Manchester 1990 18+ aged, general public, Greater Manchester region, United Kingdom, 1990-2002 N = 2327
Mean
= 3.056
SD
= 0.746
 GESIS (2007): study GB Highlands, Islands 1990 18+ aged, general public, Highlands,Islands region, United Kingdom, 1990-2002 N = 434
Mean
= 3.191
SD
= 0.710
 GESIS (2007): study GB Dumphries-Galloway, Strathclyde 1990 18+ aged, general public, Dumphries-Galloway,Strathclyde region, United Kingdom, 1990-2002 N = 2307
Mean
= 2.988
SD
= 0.709
 GESIS (2007): study GB Borders,Central,Fife,Lothian,Tayside 1990 18+ aged, general public, Borders,Central,Fife,Lothian,Tayside region, United Kingdom, 1990-2002 N = 1576
Mean
= 3.118
SD
= 0.733
 GESIS (2007): study GB Cleveland, Durham 1990 18+ aged, general public, Cleveland,Durham region, United Kingdom, 1990-2002 N = 1033
Mean
= 3.082
SD
= 0.720
 GESIS (2007): study GB Cumbria 1990 18+ aged, general public, Cumbria region, United Kingdom, 1990-2002 N = 501
Mean
= 3.204
SD
= 0.641
 GESIS (2007): study GB Northumberland, Tyne and Wear 1990 18+ aged, general public, Northumberland, Tyne and Wear region, United Kingdom, 1990-2002 N = 1441
Mean
= 3.163
SD
= 0.732
 GESIS (2007): study GB Lancashire 1990 18+ aged, general public, Lancashire, United Kingdom, 1990-2002 N = 1406
Mean
= 3.081
SD
= 0.744
 GESIS (2007): study GB Surrey 1990 18+ aged, general public, Surrey,East/west Sussex region, United Kingdom, 1990-2002 N = 1673
Mean
= 3.225
SD
= 0.670
 GESIS (2007): study GB GB South-East 1990 18+ aged, general public, GB South-East region, United Kingdom, 1990-2002 N = 1411
Mean
= 3.234
SD
= 0.699
 GESIS (2007): study PT Madeira 1990 18+ aged, general public, Madeira, Portugal, 1990-2002 N = 1206
Mean
= 2.705
SD
= 0.621
 GESIS (2007): study ES Murcia 1990 18+ aged, general public, Murcia region, Spain, 1990-2002 N = 1320
Mean
= 2.873
SD
= 0.776
 GESIS (2007): study ES Cataluna 1990 18+ aged, general public, Cataluna region, Spain, 1990-2002 N = 7636
Mean
= 2.924
SD
= 0.737
 GESIS (2007): study ES Extremadura 1990 18+ aged, general public, Extremadura region, Spain, 1990-2002 N = 1331
Mean
= 2.967
SD
= 0.665
 GESIS (2007): study ES Madrid 1990 18+ aged, general public, Spain, Madrid region, 1990-2002 N = 6198
Mean
= 2.870
SD
= 0.718
 GESIS (2007): study ES Castilla-Mancha 1990 18+ aged, general public, Castilla-Mancha region, Spain, 1990-2002 N = 2107
Mean
= 3.014
SD
= 0.697
 GESIS (2007): study ES Valenciano 1990 18+ aged, general public, Valenciano region, Spain, 1990-2002 N = 4829
Mean
= 2.944
SD
= 0.673
 GESIS (2007): study ES Andalucia 1990 18+ aged, general public, Andalucia, Spain, 1990-2002 N = 8934
Mean
= 2.922
SD
= 0.745
 GESIS (2007): study ES Baleares 1990 18+ aged, general public, Baleares region, Spain, 1990-2002 N = 887
Mean
= 3.014
SD
= 0.751
 GESIS (2007): study ES La Rioja 1990 18+ aged, general public, La RiojaSpain, 1990-2002 N = 347
Mean
= 3.164
SD
= 0.607
 GESIS (2007): study ES Canarias 1990 18+ aged, general public, Canarias region, Spain, 1990-2002 N = 1857
Mean
= 2.893
SD
= 0.794
 GESIS (2007): study PT PT Norte 1990 18+ aged, general public, PT Norte, Portugal, 1990-2002 N = 16760
Mean
= 2.816
SD
= 0.730
 GESIS (2007): study PT PT Centro 1990 18+ aged, general public, PT Centro, Portugal, 1990-2002 N = 8732
Mean
= 2.689
SD
= 0.647
 GESIS (2007): study PT Lisboa et Vale do Tejo 1990 18+ aged, general public, Lisboa et Vale do Tejo, Portugal, 1990-2002 N = 16799
Mean
= 2.629
SD
= 0.723
 GESIS (2007): study PT Alentejo 1990 18+ aged, general public, Alentejo, Portugal, 1990-2002 N = 2666
Mean
= 2.678
SD
= 0.697
 GESIS (2007): study PT Algarve (Faro) 1990 18+ aged, general public, Algarve (Faro), Portugal, 1990-2002 N = 1649
Mean
= 2.655
SD
= 0.696
 GESIS (2007): study PT Acores 1990 18+ aged, general public, Acores region, Portugal, 1990-2002 N = 1135
Mean
= 2.854
SD
= 0.658
 GESIS (2007): study ES Aragon 1990 18+ aged, general public, Aragon region, Spain, 1990-2002 N = 1532
Mean
= 3.073
SD
= 0.659
 GESIS (2007): study ES Navarra 1990 18+ aged, general public, Navarra region, Spain, 1990-2002 N = 636
Mean
= 3.066
SD
= 0.672
 GESIS (2007): study GB Greater London 1990 18+ aged, general public, Greater London region, United Kingdom, 1990-2002 N = 5289
Mean
= 3.084
SD
= 0.731
 GESIS (2007): study GR Thessalia 1990 18+ aged, general public, Thessalia region, Greece, 1990-2002 N = 3566
Mean
= 2.637
SD
= 0.826
 GESIS (2007): study GB Isle of Wright 1990 18+ aged, general public, Isle of Wright region, United Kingdom, 1990-2002 N = 1437
Mean
= 3.216
SD
= 0.709
 GESIS (2007): study GB South East Kent 1990 18+ aged, general public, South East Kent region, United Kingdom, 1990-2002 N = 2316
Mean
= 3.165
SD
= 0.711
 GESIS (2007): study GB Northern Ireland 1990 18+ aged, general public, Northern Ireland region, United Kingdom, 1990 N = 15158
Mean
= 3.253
SD
= 0.677
 GESIS (2007): study GR Thraki 1990 18+ aged, general public, Thraki region, Greece, 1990-2002 N = 1670
Mean
= 2.611
SD
= 0.840
 GESIS (2007): study GR Macedonia(Kentriki Makedonia kai Dykti Makedonia) 1990 18+ aged, general public, Macedonia(Kentriki Makedonia kai Dykti Makedonia) region, Greece, 1990-2002 N = 8641
Mean
= 2.633
SD
= 0.831
 GESIS (2007): study GR Anatoliki makedonia (East Macedonia) 1990 18+ aged, general public, Anatoliki makedonia (East Macedonia) region, Greece, 1990-2002 N = 2047
Mean
= 2.704
SD
= 0.762
 GESIS (2007): study GR Ipeiros (Epirus) 1990 18+ aged, general public, Greece, 1990 N = 2186
Mean
= 2.543
SD
= 0.835
 GESIS (2007): study GR Sterea Ellada Evia 1990 18+ aged, general public, Sterea Lelada Eviaregion, Greece, 1990-2002 N = 19657
Mean
= 2.535
SD
= 0.823
 GESIS (2007): study ES Pais Vasco 1990 18+ aged, general public, Pais Vasco region, Spain, 1990-2002 N = 2663
Mean
= 2.992
SD
= 0.664
 GESIS (2007): study GR Peloponnisos kai Dytiki Sterea (Peleponesos) 1990 18+ aged, general public, Peloponnisos kai Dytiki Sterea (Peleponesos) region, Greece, 1990-2002 N = 7060
Mean
= 2.595
SD
= 0.841
 GESIS (2007): study GR Aegean Islands 1990 18+ aged, general public, Aegean Islands region, Greece, 1990-2002 N = 1750
Mean
= 2.726
SD
= 0.757
 GESIS (2007): study GR Kriti (Crete) 1990 18+ aged, general public, Kriti (Crete) region, Greece, 1990-2002 N = 2674
Mean
= 2.596
SD
= 0.831
 GESIS (2007): study ES Galicia 1990 18+ aged, general public, Galicia region, Spain, 1990-2002 N = 3460
Mean
= 3.000
SD
= 0.693
 GESIS (2007): study ES Asturias 1990 18+ aged, general public, Asturias region, Spain, 1990-2002 N = 1381
Mean
= 2.959
SD
= 0.677
 GESIS (2007): study ES Cantabria 1990 18+ aged, general public, Cantabria region, Spain, 1990-2002 N = 691
Mean
= 2.951
SD
= 0.634
 GESIS (2007): study ES Castilla Leon 1990 18+ aged, general public, Castilla Leon region, Spain, 1990-2002 N = 3246
Mean
= 3.043
SD
= 0.694
 GESIS (2007): study AT Wien 1990 18+ aged general public, Wien region, Austria, 1990 N = 6881
Mean
= 3.108
SD
= 0.691
 GESIS (2007): study AT Steiermark 1990 18+ aged general public, Steiermark region, Austria, 1990 N = 5181
Mean
= 3.237
SD
= 0.639
 Eurobarometer (1996): study GR Thraki 1996 15+ aged, general public, Thraki region, Greece, 1996 N = 113
Mean
= 2.784
SD
= 0.701
 Eurobarometer (1996): study LU LU South 1996 15+ aged, general public, LU South region, Luxembourg, 1996 N = 407
Mean
= 3.320
SD
= 0.601
 Eurobarometer (1996): study IT Campania 1996 15+ aged, general public,Campania region, Italy, 1996 N = 576
Mean
= 2.794
SD
= 0.709
 Eurobarometer (1996): study IT Puglia 1996 15+ aged, general public, Puglie region, Italy, 1996 N = 409
Mean
= 2.759
SD
= 0.718
 Eurobarometer (1996): study IT Calabria 1996 15+ aged, general public, Calabria region, Italy, 1996 N = 221
Mean
= 2.795
SD
= 0.616
 Eurobarometer (1996): study IT Sicilia 1996 15+ aged, general public, Sicilia region, Italy, 1996 N = 523
Mean
= 2.764
SD
= 0.731
 Eurobarometer (1996): study IT Sardegna 1996 15+ aged, general public, Sardegna region, Italy, 1996 N = 168
Mean
= 2.738
SD
= 0.733
 Eurobarometer (1996): study LU LU Center 1996 15+ aged, general public, LU Center region, Luxembourg, 1996 N = 333
Mean
= 3.229
SD
= 0.624
 Eurobarometer (1996): study LU Diekrich (North) 1996 15+ aged, general public, Diekrich (North) region, Luxembourg, 1996 N = 169
Mean
= 3.352
SD
= 0.577
 Eurobarometer (1996): study IT Lazio 1996 15+ aged, general public, Lazio region, Italy, 1996 N = 566
Mean
= 2.801
SD
= 0.700
 Eurobarometer (1996): study LU Grevenmacher (East) 1996 15+ aged, general public, Grevenmacher (East) region, Luxembourg, 1996 N = 125
Mean
= 3.328
SD
= 0.617
 Eurobarometer (1996): study DK Hovenstaden (Capital region, København) 1996 15+ aged general public, København region, Denmark, 1996 N = 1061
Mean
= 3.616
SD
= 0.553
 Eurobarometer (1996): study DK Sjaelland, Lolland-Falster 1996 15+ aged general public, Sjaelland, Lolland-Falster region,Denmark, 1996 N = 349
Mean
= 3.659
SD
= 0.527
 Eurobarometer (1996): study DK Fyn county 1996 15+ aged general public, Fyn county, Denmark, 1996 N = 271
Mean
= 3.644
SD
= 0.559
 Eurobarometer (1996): study DK Jylland 1996 15+ aged general public, Jylland region, Denmark, 1996 N = 1418
Mean
= 3.653
SD
= 0.527
 Eurobarometer (1996): study IE Donegal 1996 15+ aged general public, Donegal region, Ireland, 1996 N = 117
Mean
= 3.205
SD
= 0.654
 Eurobarometer (1996): study IE North east (Cavan / Moanghan / Louth) 1996 15+ aged general public, North-east (Cavan / Moanghan / Louth) region, Ireland, 1996 N = 182
Mean
= 3.267
SD
= 0.717
 Eurobarometer (1996): study IT Molisee Abruzzi 1996 15+ aged, general public,Molisee Abruzzi region, Italy, 1996 N = 177
Mean
= 2.828
SD
= 0.633
 Eurobarometer (1996): study IT Umbria 1996 15+ aged general public, Umbria, Italy, 1996 N = 85
Mean
= 2.879
SD
= 0.726
 Eurobarometer (1996): study IE Midlands (Westmeath / Roscommon / Longford / Laois / Offaly) 1996 15+ aged, general public, Midlands (Westmeath / Roscommon / Longford / Laois/Offaly) region, Ireland, 1996 N = 187
Mean
= 3.221
SD
= 0.590
 Eurobarometer (1996): study IT Valle d'Aosta 1996 15+ aged, general public, Valle d'Aostae Piemonte region, Italy, 1996 N = 542
Mean
= 2.992
SD
= 0.546
 Eurobarometer (1996): study DE Mecklenburg-Vorpommern 1996 15+ aged, general public, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern region, Germany, 1996 N = 402
Mean
= 2.749
SD
= 0.744
 Eurobarometer (1996): study DE Sachsen 1996 15+ aged general public, Sachsen region, Germany, 1996 N = 1040
Mean
= 2.815
SD
= 0.640
 Eurobarometer (1996): study DE Dessau 1996 15+ aged general public, Dessau region, Germany, 1996 N = 130
Mean
= 2.750
SD
= 0.726
 Eurobarometer (1996): study DE Halle Sachsen Anhalt 1996 15+ aged general public, Halle Sachsen Anhalt region, Germany, 1996 N = 223
Mean
= 2.760
SD
= 0.700
 Eurobarometer (1996): study DE Magdeburg Sachsen Anhalt 1996 15+ aged general public, Magdeburg Sachsen Anhalt region, Germany, 1996 N = 270
Mean
= 2.731
SD
= 0.688
 Eurobarometer (1996): study DE Thueringen 1996 15+ aged, general public, Thueringen region, Germany, 1996 N = 564
Mean
= 2.796
SD
= 0.681
 Eurobarometer (1996): study IT Liguria 1996 15+ aged, general public, Liguria region, Italy, 1996 N = 154
Mean
= 2.901
SD
= 0.686
 Eurobarometer (1996): study IT Marche 1996 15+ aged, general public, Marche region, Italy, 1996 N = 148
Mean
= 2.924
SD
= 0.640
 Eurobarometer (1996): study IT Lombardia 1996 15+ aged general public, Lombardia region, Italy, 1996 N = 554
Mean
= 2.981
SD
= 0.583
 Eurobarometer (1996): study IT Milano 1996 15+ aged, general public, Milano region, Italy, 1996 N = 442
Mean
= 2.972
SD
= 0.613
 Eurobarometer (1996): study IT Trentino 1996 15+ aged, general public,Trentino region, Italy, 1996 N = 96
Mean
= 3.173
SD
= 0.539
 Eurobarometer (1996): study IT Veneto 1996 15+ aged, general public, Veneto region, Italy, 1996 N = 483
Mean
= 2.910
SD
= 0.600
 Eurobarometer (1996): study IT Friuli, VeneziaGiulia 1996 15+ aged, general public, Friuli, VeneziaGiulia region, Italy, 1996 N = 143
Mean
= 2.922
SD
= 0.581
 Eurobarometer (1996): study IT Emilia Romagna 1996 15+ aged, general public, Emilia Romagna region, Italy, 1996 N = 448
Mean
= 2.918
SD
= 0.627
 Eurobarometer (1996): study IT Toscana 1996 15+ aged, general public, Toscana region, Italy, 1996 N = 420
Mean
= 2.899
SD
= 0.703
 Eurobarometer (1996): study IE West (Mayo/Galway) 1996 15+ agedgeneral public, West (Mayo / Galway) region, Ireland, 1996 N = 287
Mean
= 3.309
SD
= 0.682
 Eurobarometer (1996): study IE East ( Dublin, Kildare / Wicklow) 1996 15+ aged, general public, East ( Dublin, Kildare / Wicklow) region, Ireland, 1996 N = 1144
Mean
= 3.168
SD
= 0.706
 Eurobarometer (1996): study DE Berlin 1996 15+ aged general public, Berlin region, Germany, 1996 N = 527
Mean
= 2.657
SD
= 0.719
 Eurobarometer (1996): study GB Merseyside 1996 15+ aged, general public, Merseyside region, United Kingdom, 1996 N = 147
Mean
= 3.102
SD
= 0.683
 Eurobarometer (1996): study GB Hereford and Worcester, Warwickshire 1996 15+ aged, general public, Hereford and Worcester,Warwickshire region, United Kingdom, 1996 N = 123
Mean
= 3.239
SD
= 0.657
 Eurobarometer (1996): study GB Schropshire,Staffordshire 1996 15+ aged, general public, Schropshire,Staffordshire region, United Kingdom, 1996 N = 151
Mean
= 3.105
SD
= 0.588
 Eurobarometer (1996): study GB GB West Midlands 1996 15+ aged, general public, GB West Midlands region, United Kingdom, 1996 N = 267
Mean
= 3.056
SD
= 0.775
 Eurobarometer (1996): study GB Cheshire 1996 15+ aged, general public, Cheshire region, United Kingdom, 1996 N = 100
Mean
= 3.170
SD
= 0.715
 Eurobarometer (1996): study GB Greater Manchester 1996 15+ aged, general public, Greater Manchester region, United Kingdom, 1996 N = 262
Mean
= 3.159
SD
= 0.641
 Eurobarometer (1996): study GB Lancashire 1996 15+ aged, general public, Lancashire region, Hereford and Worcester,WarwickshireUnited Kingdom, 1996 N = 145
Mean
= 3.149
SD
= 0.621
 Eurobarometer (1996): study GB Clwyd, Dyfed, Gwynedd,P owys 1996 15+ aged, general public, Clwyd,Dyfed,Gwynedd,Powys region, United Kingdom, 1996 N = 117
Mean
= 3.179
SD
= 0.683
 Eurobarometer (1996): study GB Cornwall UA 1996 15+ aged, general public, Cornwall,Devon region, United Kingdom, 1996 N = 160
Mean
= 3.280
SD
= 0.607
 Eurobarometer (1996): study GB Gwent, Mid-S-W Glamorgan 1996 15+ aged general public, Gwent,Mid-S-W Glamorgan region, United Kingdom, 1996 N = 181
Mean
= 3.043
SD
= 0.715
 Eurobarometer (1996): study GB Borders,Central,Fife,Lothian,Tayside 1996 15+ aged, general public, Borders,Central,Fife,Lothian,Tayside region, United Kingdom, 1996 N = 196
Mean
= 3.197
SD
= 0.618
 Eurobarometer (1996): study GB Dumphries-Galloway, Strathclyde 1996 15+ aged, general public, Dumphries-Galloway,Strathclyde region, United Kingdom, 1996 N = 251
Mean
= 3.171
SD
= 0.665
 Eurobarometer (1996): study GR Macedonia(Kentriki Makedonia kai Dykti Makedonia) 1996 Adults, age range not reported, general public, Macedonia(Kentriki Makedonia kai Dykti Makedonia) region, Greece, 1996 N = 560
Mean
= 2.707
SD
= 0.760
 Eurobarometer (1996): study GB Northern Ireland 1996 15+ aged, general public, Northern Ireland region, United Kingdom, 1996 N = 600
Mean
= 3.160
SD
= 0.644
 Eurobarometer (1996): study GR Thessalia 1996 15+ aged, general public, Thessalia region, Ipeiros (Epirus)Greece, 1996 N = 227
Mean
= 2.568
SD
= 0.715
 Eurobarometer (1996): study GR Anatoliki makedonia (East Macedonia) 1996 15+ aged, general public, Anatoliki makedonia (East Macedonia) region, Greece, 1996 N = 133
Mean
= 2.665
SD
= 0.759
 Eurobarometer (1996): study GB Dorset, Somerset 1996 15+ aged, general public, Dorset,Somerset region, United Kingdom, 1996 N = 120
Mean
= 3.181
SD
= 0.673
 Eurobarometer (1996): study GB Avon,Gloucestershire,Wiltshire 1996 15+ aged, general public, Avon,Gloucestershire,Wiltshire region, United Kingdom, 1996 N = 217
Mean
= 3.302
SD
= 0.619
 Eurobarometer (1996): study IE Mid west (Limerick / Clare / Tippary / North Riding) 1996 15+ aged, general public, Mid west (Limerick / Clare / Tippary / North Riding) region, Ireland, 1996 N = 235
Mean
= 3.185
SD
= 0.643
 Eurobarometer (1996): study GB Derbyshire 1996 15+ aged, general public, Derbyshire,Nottinghamshire region, United Kingdom, 1996 N = 205
Mean
= 3.072
SD
= 0.731
 Eurobarometer (1996): study IE South east (Waterford / Wexford) 1996 15+ aged, general public, South east (Waterford / Wexford) region, Ireland, 1996 N = 336
Mean
= 3.274
SD
= 0.685
 Eurobarometer (1996): study IE South west (Kerry / Cork) 1996 15+ aged, general public, South west (Kerry / Cork) region, Ireland, 1996 N = 461
Mean
= 3.200
SD
= 0.658
 Eurobarometer (1996): study GB Cleveland, Durham 1996 15+ aged, general public, Cleveland,Durham region, United Kingdom, 1996 N = 119
Mean
= 3.298
SD
= 0.594
 Eurobarometer (1996): study GB Northumberland, Tyne and Wear 1996 15+ aged, general public, Northumberland, Tyne and Wear region, United Kingdom, 1996 N = 149
Mean
= 3.116
SD
= 0.734
 Eurobarometer (1996): study GB Humberside 1996 15+ aged, general public, Humberside region, United Kingdom, 1996 N = 90
Mean
= 3.119
SD
= 0.760
 Eurobarometer (1996): study GB South Yorkshire 1996 15+ aged, general public, South Yorkshire region, United Kingdom, 1996 N = 135
Mean
= 2.965
SD
= 0.726
 Eurobarometer (1996): study GB West Yorkshire 1996 15+ aged, general public, West Yorkshire region, United Kingdom, 1996 N = 214
Mean
= 3.139
SD
= 0.733
 Eurobarometer (1996): study GB Leicestershire, Northamptonshire 1996 15+ aged general public, Leicestershire,Northamptonshire region, United Kingdom, 1996 N = 153
Mean
= 3.227
SD
= 0.656
 Eurobarometer (1996): study GB Kent 1996 15+ aged, general public, Kent region, United Kingdom, 1996 N = 158
Mean
= 3.050
SD
= 0.621
 Eurobarometer (1996): study GB East Anglia 1996 15+ aged, general public, East Anglia region, United Kingdom, 1996 N = 217
Mean
= 3.204
SD
= 0.616
 Eurobarometer (1996): study GB Bedfordshire,Hertfordshire 1996 15+ aged, general public, Bedfordshire,Hertfordshire region, United Kingdom, 1996 N = 157
Mean
= 3.206
SD
= 0.654
 Eurobarometer (1996): study GB Buckinghamshire 1996 15+ aged, general public, Bedfordshire,Hertfordshire region, United Kingdom, 1996 N = 204
Mean
= 3.202
SD
= 0.616
 Eurobarometer (1996): study GB Surrey 1996 15+ aged, general public, Surrey,East/west Sussex region, United Kingdom, 1996 N = 260
Mean
= 3.245
SD
= 0.655
 Eurobarometer (1996): study GB Essex 1996 15+ aged, general public, Essex region, Dorset,SomersetUnited Kingdom, 1996 N = 161
Mean
= 3.228
SD
= 0.621
 Eurobarometer (1996): study GB Greater London 1996 15+ aged, general public, Greater London region, United Kingdom, 1996 N = 716
Mean
= 3.084
SD
= 0.680
 Eurobarometer (1996): study GB Hampshire, Isle of wight 1996 15+ aged, general public, Hampshire,Isle of wight region, United Kingdom, 1996 N = 178
Mean
= 3.178
SD
= 0.689
 Eurobarometer (1996): study DE Brandenburg 1996 15+ aged general public,Brandenburg, Germany, 1996 N = 557
Mean
= 2.820
SD
= 0.678
 Eurobarometer (1996): study DE Saarland 1996 15+ agedgeneral public, Saarland region, Germany, 1996 N = 108
Mean
= 2.944
SD
= 0.734
 GESIS (2007): study AT Salzburg 1990 18+ aged, general public, Salzburg region, Austria, 1990 N = 2100
Mean
= 3.063
SD
= 0.497
 Eurobarometer (1996): study BE Bruxelles (Brussel) 1996 15+ aged general public, Bruxelles (Brussel) region, Belgium, 1996 N = 308
Mean
= 3.049
SD
= 0.613
 Eurobarometer (1996): study FR Limousin 1996 15+ aged general public, Limousin region, France, 1996 N = 85
Mean
= 2.646
SD
= 0.734
 Eurobarometer (1996): study FR Rhone-Alpes 1996 15+ aged, general public, Rhone-Alpes region, France, 1996 N = 602
Mean
= 2.764
SD
= 0.776
 Eurobarometer (1996): study FR Auvergne 1996 15+ aged general public, Auvergne region, France, 1996 N = 151
Mean
= 2.441
SD
= 0.785
 Eurobarometer (1996): study FR Languedoc-Roussillon 1996 15+ aged general public, Languedoc-Roussillon region, France, 1996 N = 246
Mean
= 2.841
SD
= 0.878
 Eurobarometer (1996): study FR Provence-Alpes-Cote d'Azur 1996 15+ aged, general public, Provence-Alpes-Cote d'Azur region, France, 1996 N = 492
Mean
= 2.852
SD
= 0.728
 Eurobarometer (1996): study BE Hainaut (Henegouwen) 1996 15+ aged general population, Hainaut (Henegouwen) general public, Belgium, 1996 N = 407
Mean
= 2.755
SD
= 0.856
 Eurobarometer (1996): study BE Brabant Wallon (Waals Brabant) 1996 15+ aged general public, Brabant Wallon (Waals Brabant) region, Belgium, 1996 N = 124
Eurobarometer (1996): study FR Aquitaine 1996 15+ aged general public, Aquitaine region, Aquitaine region, France, 1996 N = 323
Mean
= 2.782
SD
= 0.783
 Eurobarometer (1996): study BE Limburg 1996 15+ aged general public, Limburg region, Belgium, 1996 N = 237
Mean
= 3.319
SD
= 0.647
 Eurobarometer (1996): study BE Namur (Namen) 1996 15+ aged general public, Namur (Namen) region, Belgium, 1996 N = 135
Mean
= 2.918
SD
= 0.778
 Eurobarometer (1996): study BE Oost-Vlaanderen, East Flanders 1996 15+ aged general public, Oost-Vlaanderen, East Flanders region, Belgium, 1996 N = 433
Mean
= 3.072
SD
= 0.626
 Eurobarometer (1996): study BE West-Vlaanderen, West Flanders 1996 15+ aged, general public, West-Vlaanderen, West Flanders region, Belgium, 1996 N = 356
Mean
= 3.379
SD
= 0.640
 Eurobarometer (1996): study BE Liège (Luik) 1996 15+ aged general public, Liège (Luik) region, Belgium, 1996 N = 320
Mean
= 3.004
SD
= 0.633
 Eurobarometer (1996): study BE Luxembourg 1996 15+ aged general public, Luxembourg region, Belgium, 1996 N = 74
Mean
= 2.947
SD
= 0.528
 Eurobarometer (1996): study BE Vlaams Brabant 1996 15+ aged general public, Vlaams Brabant region, Belgium, 1996 N = 295
Mean
= 3.160
SD
= 0.493
 Eurobarometer (1996): study FR Midi-Pyrenees 1996 15+ aged general public, Midi-Pyrenees region, France, 1996 N = 283
Mean
= 2.850
SD
= 0.667
 Eurobarometer (1996): study FR Poitou-Charentes 1996 15+ aged, general public, Poitou-Charentes region, France, 1996 N = 183
Mean
= 2.799
SD
= 0.723
 Eurobarometer (1996): study NL Groningen 1996 15+ aged, general public, Groningen region, Netherlands, 1996 N = 134
Mean
= 3.280
SD
= 0.599
 Eurobarometer (2011): study IS 2010 15+ aged, general public, Iceland, 2010 N = 501
Mean
= 3.620
SD
= 0.506
 GESIS (2007): study AT Kärnten 1990 18+ aged general public, Kärnten region, Austria, 1990 N = 2646
Mean
= 3.116
SD
= 0.712
 GESIS (2007): study AT Tirol 1990 18+ aged, general public, Tirol region, Austria, 1990 N = 3025
Mean
= 3.169
SD
= 0.742
 GESIS (2007): study AT Vorarlberg 1990 18+ aged, general public, Vorarlberg region, Austria, 1990 N = 1422
Mean
= 3.264
SD
= 0.684
 GESIS (2007): study XZ Germany West 1991 18+ aged, general public, Germany-West (former), 1991 N = 1527
Mean
= 3.002
SD
= 0.595
 Eurobarometer (2011): study HR 2010 15+ aged, general public, Croatia, 2010 N = 1000
Mean
= 2.784
SD
= 0.828
 Eurobarometer (2011): study TR 2010 15+ aged, general public, Turkey, 2010 N = 1000
Mean
= 2.747
SD
= 1.038
 Eurobarometer (2011): study MK 2010 15+ aged, general public, Macedonia, 2010 N = 1056
Mean
= 2.510
SD
= 0.943
 Eurobarometer (1996): study FR Centre 1996 15+ aged general public, Centre region, France, 1996 N = 268
Mean
= 2.760
SD
= 0.780
 Eurobarometer (1996): study FR Bretagne 1996 15+ aged general public, Bretagne region, France, 1996 N = 315
Mean
= 2.916
SD
= 0.597
 Eurobarometer (1996): study FR Basse-Normandie 1996 15+ aged, general public, Basse-Normandie region, France, 1996 N = 154
Mean
= 2.727
SD
= 0.717
 Eurobarometer (1996): study FR Bourgogne 1996 15+ aged general public, Bourgogne region, France, 1996 N = 182
Mean
= 2.753
SD
= 0.758
 Eurobarometer (1996): study FR Nord Pas de Calais 1996 15+ aged, general public, Nord Pas de Calais region, France, 1996 N = 424
Mean
= 2.759
SD
= 0.801
 Eurobarometer (1996): study FR Lorraine 1996 15+ aged, general public, Lorraine region, France, 1996 N = 253
Mean
= 2.694
SD
= 0.776
 Eurobarometer (1996): study FR Alsace 1996 15+ aged general public, Alsace region, France, 1996 N = 182
Mean
= 2.946
SD
= 0.591
 Eurobarometer (1996): study FR Franche-Comte 1996 15+ aged general public, Franche-Comte region, France, 1996 N = 122
Mean
= 2.775
SD
= 0.711
 Eurobarometer (1996): study FR Pays de la Loire 1996 15+ aged, general public, Pays de la Loire region, France, 1996 N = 340
Mean
= 2.880
SD
= 0.653
 Eurobarometer (1996): study BE Antwerpen 1996 15+ aged, general public, Antwerpen region, Belgium, 1996 N = 516
Mean
= 3.248
SD
= 0.595
 Eurobarometer (1996): study NL Friesland 1996 15+ aged, general public, Friesland region, Netherlands, 1996 N = 141
Mean
= 3.460
SD
= 0.650
 Eurobarometer (1996): study DE Schwaben 1996 15+ aged general public, Schwaben region, Germany, 1996 N = 164
Mean
= 3.129
SD
= 0.602
 Eurobarometer (1996): study DE Nord-Baden Karlsruhe 1996 15+aged general public, Nord-Baden Karlsruhe region, Germany, 1996 N = 258
Mean
= 2.881
SD
= 0.714
 Eurobarometer (1996): study DE Darmstadt 1996 15+ aged general public, Darmstadt region, Germany, 1996 N = 365
Mean
= 3.017
SD
= 0.617
 Eurobarometer (1996): study DE Giessen 1996 15+ aged general public, Giessen region, Germany, 1996 N = 102
Mean
= 2.963
SD
= 0.747
 Eurobarometer (1996): study DE Kassel 1996 15+ aged general public, Kassel region, Germany, 1996 N = 123
Mean
= 2.944
SD
= 0.714
 Eurobarometer (1996): study DE Koblenz 1996 15+ aged, general public, Koblenz region, Germany, 1996 N = 141
Mean
= 2.987
SD
= 0.553
 Eurobarometer (1996): study DE Rheinhessen-Pfalz 1996 15+ aged general public, Rheinhessen-Pfalz region, Germany, 1996 N = 191
Mean
= 2.942
SD
= 0.862
 Eurobarometer (1996): study DE Nord Wurttemberg Stutgart 1996 15+aged general public, Nord Wurttemberg Stutgart region, Germany, 1996 N = 372
Mean
= 2.980
SD
= 0.584
 Eurobarometer (1996): study DE Sudbaden 1996 15+ aged general public, Sudbaden region, Germany, 1996 N = 199
Mean
= 2.980
SD
= 0.710
 Eurobarometer (1996): study DE Detmold 1996 15+ aged general public, Detmold region, Germany, 1996 N = 190
Mean
= 3.182
SD
= 0.507
 Eurobarometer (1996): study DE Sud Wurttemberg 1996 15_ aged general public, Sud Wurttemberg region, Germany, 1996 N = 163
Mean
= 3.066
SD
= 0.662
 Eurobarometer (1996): study DE Oberbayern 1996 15+ aged general public, Oberbayern region, Germany, 1996 N = 390
Mean
= 3.154
SD
= 0.619
 Eurobarometer (1996): study DE Niederbayern 1996 15+aged general public, Niederbayern region, Germany, 1996 N = 107
Mean
= 3.092
SD
= 0.662
 Eurobarometer (1996): study DE Oberpfalz 1996 15+ aged general public, Oberpfalz, Germany, 1996 N = 100
Mean
= 2.916
SD
= 0.599
 Eurobarometer (1996): study DE Oberfranken 1996 15+ aged general public, Oberfranken region,Germany, 1996 N = 107
Mean
= 3.004
SD
= 0.716
 Eurobarometer (1996): study DE Mittelfranken 1996 15+ aged general public, Germany, Mittelfranken, 1996 N = 162
Mean
= 3.081
SD
= 0.695
 Eurobarometer (1996): study DE Unterfranken 1996 15+ aged general public, Unterfranken region,Germany, 1996 N = 125
Mean
= 3.174
SD
= 0.582
 Eurobarometer (1996): study DE Arnsberg 1996 15+ aged general public, Arnsberg region, Germany, 1996 N = 373
Mean
= 2.760
SD
= 0.787
 Eurobarometer (1996): study DE Munster 1996 15 aged general public, Munster region, Germany, 1996 N = 245
Mean
= 3.082
SD
= 0.554
 Eurobarometer (1996): study NL Drente 1996 15+ aged, general public, Drente region, Netherlands, 1996 N = 106
Mean
= 3.437
SD
= 0.587
 Eurobarometer (1996): study NL Limburg 1996 15+ aged, general public, Limburg region, Netherlands, 1996 N = 268
Mean
= 3.375
SD
= 0.652
 Eurobarometer (1996): study NL Overijssel 1996 15+ aged, general public, Overijssel region, Netherlands, 1996 N = 242
Mean
= 3.479
SD
= 0.556
 Eurobarometer (1996): study NL Gelderland 1996 15+ aged, general public, Gelderland region, Netherlands, 1996 N = 432
Mean
= 3.446
SD
= 0.596
 Eurobarometer (1996): study NL Utrecht 1996 15+ aged, general public, Utrecht region, Netherlands, 1996 N = 246
Mean
= 3.362
SD
= 0.618
 Eurobarometer (1996): study NL Noord-Holland 1996 15+ aged, general public, Noord-Holland region, Netherlands, 1996 N = 585
Mean
= 3.404
SD
= 0.637
 Eurobarometer (1996): study NL Zuid-Holland (South Holland) 1996 15+ aged, general public, Zuid-Holland region, Netherlands, 1996 N = 778
Mean
= 3.358
SD
= 0.668
 Eurobarometer (1996): study NL Zeeland 1996 15+ aged, general public, Zeeland region, Netherlands, 1996 N = 85
Mean
= 3.306
SD
= 0.633
 Eurobarometer (1996): study NL Noord-Brabant 1996 15+ aged, general public, Noord-Brabant region, Netherlands, 1996 N = 528
Mean
= 3.375
SD
= 0.652
 Eurobarometer (1996): study DE Schleswig-Holstein 1996 15+ aged general public, Schleswig-Holstein region, Germany, 1996 N = 266
Mean
= 3.011
SD
= 0.648
 Eurobarometer (1996): study DE Koln 1996 15+ aged general public, Koln region, Germany, 1996 N = 407
Mean
= 3.047
SD
= 0.643
 Eurobarometer (1996): study DE Hamburg 1996 15+ aged, general public, Hamburg region, Germany, 1996 N = 172
Mean
= 2.917
SD
= 0.799
 Eurobarometer (1996): study DE Braunschweig 1996 15+ aged general public, Braunschweig region, Germany, 1996 N = 166
Mean
= 3.029
SD
= 0.600
 Eurobarometer (1996): study DE Hannover 1996 15+ aged general public, Hannover region, Germany, 1996 N = 211
Mean
= 3.089
SD
= 0.651
 Eurobarometer (1996): study DE Luneburg 1996 15+ aged general public, Luneburg region, Germany, 1996 N = 151
Mean
= 2.811
SD
= 0.733
 Eurobarometer (1996): study DE Weser-EMS 1996 15+ aged general public, Weser-EMS region, Germany, 1996 N = 218
Mean
= 3.017
SD
= 0.723
 Eurobarometer (1996): study DE Bremen 1996 15+ aged general public, Bremen region, Germany, 1996 N = 69
Mean
= 2.911
SD
= 0.756
 Eurobarometer (1996): study DE Düsseldorf 1996 15+ aged general public, Düsseldorf region, Germany, 1996 N = 527
Mean
= 3.031
SD
= 0.681
 Eurobarometer (2013a): study DE 2013 15+ aged, general public, Germany, 2013 N = 1543
Mean
= 3.160
SD
= 0.659
 Eurobarometer (2013a): study IE 2013 15+ aged, general public, Ireland, 2013 N = 1004
Mean
= 3.050
SD
= 0.740
 GESIS (2007): study DK Bornholm county 1990 18+ aged, general public, Bornholm county region, Denmark, 1990-2002 N = 5890
Mean
= 3.605
SD
= 0.565
 Eurobarometer (2019): study AL 2019 General public, 15+ aged, Albania, 2019 N = 1005
Mean
= 2.570
SD
= 0.711
 Eurobarometer (2019): study RO 2019 General public, 15+ aged, Romania, 2019 N = 1025
Mean
= 2.590
SD
= 0.763
 Eurobarometer (2019): study SI 2019 General public, 15+ aged, Slovenia, 2019 N = 1011
Mean
= 3.210
SD
= 0.605
 Eurobarometer (2019): study SK 2019 General public, 15+ aged, Slovakia, 2019 N = 1058
Mean
= 2.949
SD
= 0.672
 Eurobarometer (2019): study FI 2019 General public, 15+ aged, Finland, 2019 N = 1004
Mean
= 3.380
SD
= 0.562
 Eurobarometer (2019): study SE 2019 General public, 15+ aged, Sweden, 2019 N = 1015
Mean
= 3.450
SD
= 0.555
 Eurobarometer (2019): study GB 2019 General public, 15+ aged, United Kingdom, 2019 N = 1032
Mean
= 3.310
SD
= 0.703
 Eurobarometer (2019): study MK 2019 General public, 15+ aged, Macedonia, 2019 N = 1017
Mean
= 2.640
SD
= 0.831
 Eurobarometer (2019): study PL 2019 General public, 15+ aged, Poland, 2019 N = 1000
Mean
= 3.072
SD
= 0.579
 Eurobarometer (2019): study ME 2019 General public, 15+ aged, Montenegro, 2019 N = 532
Mean
= 2.720
SD
= 0.906
 Eurobarometer (2019): study RS 2019 General public, 15+ aged, Serbia, 2019 N = 998
Mean
= 2.490
SD
= 0.786
 Eurobarometer (2019): study TR 2019 General public, 15+ aged, Turkey, 2019 N = 1008
Mean
= 2.770
SD
= 0.958
 Eurobarometer (2019a): study BE 2019 15+ aged, general public, , Belgium, 2019 N = 1012
Mean
= 3.140
SD
= 0.617
 Eurobarometer (2019a): study BG 2019 15+ aged, general public, , Bulgaria, 2019 N = 1039
Mean
= 2.490
SD
= 0.759
 Eurobarometer (2019a): study CZ 2019 15+ aged, general public, Czech Republic, 2019 - 2019 N = 1013
Mean
= 3.150
SD
= 0.606
 Eurobarometer (2019a): study DK 2019 15+ aged, general public, , Denmark, 2019 N = 1022
Mean
= 3.680
SD
= 0.527
 Eurobarometer (2019): study PT 2019 General public, 15+ aged, Portugal, 2019 N = 1008
Mean
= 2.750
SD
= 0.555
 Eurobarometer (2019): study AT 2019 General public, 15+ aged, Austria, 2019 N = 1022
Mean
= 3.303
SD
= 0.627
 Eurobarometer (2019a): study EE 2019 15+ aged, general public, , Estonia, 2019 N = 1001
Mean
= 3.000
SD
= 0.616
 Eurobarometer (2019): study FR 2019 General public, 15+ aged, France, 2019 N = 1013
Mean
= 3.010
SD
= 0.685
 Eurobarometer (2019): study BE 2019 15+ aged, general public, Belgium, 2019 N = 1057
Mean
= 3.120
SD
= 0.571
 Eurobarometer (2019): study DK 2019 15+ aged, general public, Denmark, 2019 N = 1013
Mean
= 3.720
SD
= 0.492
 Eurobarometer (2019): study DE 2019 General public, 15+ aged, Germany, 2019 N = 1487
Mean
= 3.240
SD
= 0.634
 Eurobarometer (2019): study EE 2019 General public, 15+ aged, Estonia, 2019 N = 1003
Mean
= 2.980
SD
= 0.648
 Eurobarometer (2019): study GR 2019 General public, 15+ aged, Greece, 2019 N = 1012
Mean
= 2.380
SD
= 0.822
 Eurobarometer (2019): study ES 2019 General public, 15+ aged, Spain, 2019 N = 1007
Mean
= 3.080
SD
= 0.703
 Eurobarometer (2019): study HR 2019 15+ aged, general public, Croatia, 2019 N = 1014
Mean
= 2.870
SD
= 0.716
 Eurobarometer (2019): study NL 2019 General public, 15+ aged, Netherlands, 2019 N = 1020
Mean
= 3.520
SD
= 0.624
 Eurobarometer (2019): study IT 2019 General public, 15+ aged, Italy, 2019 N = 1026
Mean
= 2.747
SD
= 0.625
 Eurobarometer (2019): study CY 2019 General public, 15+ aged, Cyprus, 2019 N = 505
Mean
= 3.190
SD
= 0.688
 Eurobarometer (2019): study LV 2019 General public, 15+ aged, Latvia, 2019 N = 1016
Mean
= 2.920
SD
= 0.658
 Eurobarometer (2019): study LT 2019 General public, 15+ aged, Lithuania, 2019 N = 1006
Mean
= 2.980
SD
= 0.678
 Eurobarometer (2019): study LU 2019 General public, 15+ aged, Luxembourg, 2019 N = 506
Mean
= 3.323
SD
= 0.617
 Eurobarometer (2019): study HU 2019 General public, 15+ aged, Hungary, 2019 N = 1038
Mean
= 2.850
SD
= 0.654
 Eurobarometer (2019): study MT 2019 General public, 15+ aged, Malta, 2019 N = 503
Mean
= 3.170
SD
= 0.549
 Eurobarometer (2019a): study DE 2019 15+ aged, general public, , Germany, 2019 N = 1540
Mean
= 3.250
SD
= 0.606
 Eurobarometer (2019a): study IE 2019 15+ aged, general public, , Ireland, 2019 N = 1013
Mean
= 3.300
SD
= 0.608
 Eurobarometer (2019): study BG 2019 General public, 15+ aged, Bulgaria, 2019 N = 1031
Mean
= 2.433
SD
= 0.811
 Eurobarometer (2020): study BE 2020 15+ Aged General Public, Belgium, 2020 N = 1008
Mean
= 3.180
SD
= 0.590
 Kavetsos & Koutroumpis (2011): study ZZ EU28 2005 15+ aged general public, 29 EU countries, 2005- 2008 N = 28000
Mean
= 2.910
 Eurobarometer (2018): study HR 2018 15+ aged, general public, Croatia, 2018 N = 1056
Mean
= 2.760
SD
= 0.736
 Eurobarometer (2018): study XY Cyprus-Turkish 2018 15+ aged, general public, Cyprus-Turkish, 2018 N = 0
Mean
= 2.768
SD
= 0.941
 Eurobarometer (2018a): study XY Cyprus-Turkish 2018 General public, 15+ aged, Cyprus-Turkish, 2018 N = 500
Mean
= 2.677
SD
= 0.962
 Eurobarometer (2018a): study ZZ EU28 2018 General public, 15+ aged, EU28, 2018 N = 27424
Mean
= 3.051
SD
= 0.702
 Eurobarometer (2018): study DE 2018 15+ aged, general public, Germany, 2018 N = 1509
Mean
= 3.230
SD
= 0.614
 Eurobarometer (2020): study BG 2020 15+ Aged General Public, Bulgaria, 2020 N = 1057
Mean
= 2.400
SD
= 0.837
 Eurobarometer (2019a): study SE 2019 15+ aged, general public, , Sweden, 2019 N = 1023
Mean
= 3.420
SD
= 0.569
 Eurobarometer (2020): study CZ 2020 15+ Aged General Public, Czechia, 2020 N = 1009
Mean
= 3.170
SD
= 0.601
 Eurobarometer (2020): study DK 2020 15+ Aged General Public, Denmark, 2020 N = 990
Mean
= 3.710
SD
= 0.496
 Eurobarometer (2020): study DE 2020 15+ Aged General Public, Germany, 2020 N = 1514
Mean
= 3.250
SD
= 0.622
 Eurobarometer (2020): study EE 2020 15+ Aged General Public, Estonia, 2020 N = 1006
Mean
= 2.910
SD
= 0.567
 Eurobarometer (2020): study IE 2020 15+ Aged General Public, Ireland, 2020 N = 1005
Mean
= 3.240
SD
= 0.618
 Eurobarometer (2020): study GR 2020 15+ Aged General Public, Greece, 2020 N = 1016
Mean
= 2.600
SD
= 0.787
 Eurobarometer (2020): study ES 2020 15+ Aged General Public, Spain, 2020 N = 1012
Mean
= 3.160
SD
= 0.628
 Eurobarometer (2019a): study GB 2019 15+ aged, general public, , United Kingdom, 2019 N = 1010
Mean
= 3.320
SD
= 0.662
 Eurobarometer (2019a): study FI 2019 15+ aged, general public, , Finland, 2019 N = 1001
Mean
= 3.310
SD
= 0.595
 Eurobarometer (2019a): study GR 2019 15+ aged, general public, Greece, 2019 N = 1008
Mean
= 2.440
SD
= 0.828
 Eurobarometer (2019a): study LU 2019 15+ aged, general public, , Luxembourg, 2019 N = 510
Mean
= 3.360
SD
= 0.592
 Eurobarometer (2019a): study ES 2019 15+ aged, general public, , Spain, 2019 N = 1008
Mean
= 3.110
SD
= 0.615
 Eurobarometer (2019a): study FR 2019 15+ aged, general public, , France, 2019 N = 1014
Mean
= 2.970
SD
= 0.685
 Eurobarometer (2019a): study HR 2019 15+ aged, general public, , Croatia, 2019 N = 1013
Mean
= 2.880
SD
= 0.765
 Eurobarometer (2019a): study IT 2019 15+ aged, general public, , Italy, 2019 N = 1023
Mean
= 2.720
SD
= 0.679
 Eurobarometer (2019a): study CY 2019 15+ aged, general public, , Cyprus, 2019 N = 505
Mean
= 3.220
SD
= 0.687
 Eurobarometer (2019a): study LV 2019 15+ aged, general public, , Latvia, 2019 N = 1000
Mean
= 2.900
SD
= 0.686
 Eurobarometer (2019a): study LT 2019 15+ aged, general public, , Lithuania, 2019 N = 1008
Mean
= 2.880
SD
= 0.739
 Eurobarometer (2019a): study HU 2019 15+ aged, general public, , Hungary, 2019 N = 1011
Mean
= 2.790
SD
= 0.653
 Eurobarometer (2019a): study SK 2019 15+ aged, general public, , Slovakia, 2019 N = 1007
Mean
= 2.910
SD
= 0.650
 Eurobarometer (2019a): study MT 2019 15+ aged, general public, , Malta, 2019 N = 501
Mean
= 3.130
SD
= 0.523
 Eurobarometer (2019a): study NL 2019 15+ aged, general public, , Netherlands, 2019 N = 1006
Mean
= 3.510
SD
= 0.574
 Eurobarometer (2019a): study AT 2019 15+ aged, general public, , Austria, 2019 N = 1018
Mean
= 3.212
SD
= 0.640
 Eurobarometer (2019a): study PL 2019 15+ aged, general public, , Poland, 2019 N = 1008
Mean
= 3.010
SD
= 0.598
 Eurobarometer (2019a): study PT 2019 15+ aged, general public, , Portugal, 2019 N = 1003
Mean
= 2.740
SD
= 0.610
 Eurobarometer (2019a): study RO 2019 15+ aged, general public, , Romania, 2019 N = 1058
Mean
= 2.630
SD
= 0.716
 Eurobarometer (2019a): study SI 2019 15+ aged, general public, , Slovenia, 2019 N = 1007
Mean
= 3.170
SD
= 0.549
 Eurobarometer (2019): study CZ 2019 15+ aged, general public, Czech Republic, 2019 N = 1004
Mean
= 3.020
SD
= 0.648
 Eurobarometer (2019): study ZZ EU28 2019 General public, 15+ aged, EU28, 2019 N = 27424
Mean
= 3.070
SD
= 0.711
 Eurobarometer (2020): study HR 2020 15+ Aged General Public, Croatia, 2020 N = 1030
Mean
= 2.960
SD
= 0.706
 Eurobarometer (2018): study RO 2018 15+ aged, general public, Romania 2018 N = 1030
Mean
= 2.570
SD
= 0.725
 Eurobarometer (2018): study LU 2018 15+ aged, general public, Luxembourg, 2018 N = 512
Mean
= 3.323
SD
= 0.633
 Eurobarometer (2018): study HU 2018 15+ aged, general public, Hungary, 2018 N = 1048
Mean
= 2.770
SD
= 0.676
 Eurobarometer (2018): study MT 2018 15+ aged, general public, Malta, 2018 N = 501
Mean
= 3.160
SD
= 0.578
 Eurobarometer (2018): study NL 2018 15+ aged, general public, Netherlands 2018 N = 1060
Mean
= 3.530
SD
= 0.556
 Eurobarometer (2018): study AT 2018 15+ aged, general public, Austria, 2018 N = 1039
Mean
= 3.290
SD
= 0.637
 Eurobarometer (2018): study PL 2018 15+ aged, general public, Poland, 2018 N = 1013
Mean
= 3.041
SD
= 0.536
 Eurobarometer (2018): study SI 2018 15+ aged, general public, Slovenia, 2018 N = 1019
Mean
= 3.150
SD
= 0.606
 Eurobarometer (2018): study LV 2018 15+ aged, general public, Latvia, 2018 N = 1006
Mean
= 2.860
SD
= 0.707
 Eurobarometer (2018): study SK 2018 15+ aged, general public, Slowakia, 2018 N = 1019
Mean
= 2.828
SD
= 0.739
 Eurobarometer (2018): study FI 2018 15+ aged, general public, Finland, 2018 N = 1009
Mean
= 3.290
SD
= 0.535
 Eurobarometer (2018): study SE 2018 15+ aged, general public, Sweden, 2018 N = 1005
Mean
= 3.410
SD
= 0.567
 Eurobarometer (2018): study GB 2018 15+ aged, general public, United Kingdom, 2018 N = 1337
Mean
= 3.340
SD
= 0.636
 Eurobarometer (2018): study AL 2018 15+ aged, general public, Albania,2018 N = 1048
Mean
= 2.700
SD
= 0.671
 Eurobarometer (2018): study MK 2018 15+ aged, general public, Macedonia, 2018 N = 1050
Mean
= 2.600
SD
= 0.849
 Eurobarometer (2018): study ME 2018 15+ aged, general public, Montenegro, 2018 N = 522
Mean
= 2.830
SD
= 0.949
 Eurobarometer (2018): study LT 2018 15+ aged, general public, Lithuania, 2018 N = 1003
Mean
= 2.818
SD
= 0.730
 Eurobarometer (2018): study CY 2018 15+ aged, general public, Cyprus, 2018 N = 503
Mean
= 3.140
SD
= 0.735
 Eurobarometer (2018): study TR 2018 15+ aged, general public, Turkey, 2018 N = 1003
Mean
= 2.900
SD
= 0.877
 Eurobarometer (2018): study BE 2018 15+ aged, general public, Belgium, 2018 N = 1028
Mean
= 3.140
SD
= 0.633
 Eurobarometer (2016b): study XY Cyprus-Turkish 2016 15+ aged, general public, Cyprus-Turkish, 2016 N = 500
Mean
= 2.398
SD
= 0.818
 Eurobarometer (2016a): study XY Cyprus-Turkish 2016 15+ aged, general public, Cyprus-Turkish, , 2016 N = 500
Mean
= 2.612
SD
= 0.764
 Eurobarometer (2017a): study XY Cyprus-Turkish 2017 15+ aged, general public, Cyprus-Turkish, 2017 N = 500
Mean
= 2.816
SD
= 0.941
 Eurobarometer (2017): study XY Cyprus-Turkish 2017 15+ aged, general public, Cyprus-Turkish, 2017 N = 500
Mean
= 2.710
SD
= 0.983
 Eurobarometer (2017): study GB 2017 15+ aged, general public, United Kingdom, 2017 N = 1334
Mean
= 3.360
SD
= 0.641
 Welsch (2006): study ZZ EU 10 1990 15+ aged, general public 10 EU nations 1990-1997 N = 240000
Mean
= 3.100
SD
= 0.340
 Eurobarometer (2018): study BG 2018 15+ aged, general public, Bulgaria, 2018 N = 1048
Mean
= 2.417
SD
= 0.825
 Eurobarometer (2018): study IT 2018 15+ aged, general public, Italy 2018 N = 1023
Mean
= 2.657
SD
= 0.669
 Eurobarometer (2018): study CZ 2018 15+ aged, general public, Czech Republic, 2018 N = 1047
Mean
= 3.050
SD
= 0.622
 Eurobarometer (2018): study DK 2018 15+ aged, general public, Denmark, 2018 N = 1015
Mean
= 3.710
SD
= 0.475
 Eurobarometer (2018): study EE 2018 15+ aged, general public, Estonia, 2018 N = 1021
Mean
= 2.990
SD
= 0.628
 Eurobarometer (2018): study IE 2018 15+ aged, general public, Ireland, 2018 N = 1007
Mean
= 3.390
SD
= 0.546
 Eurobarometer (2018): study GR 2018 15+ aged, general public, Greece 2018 N = 1020
Mean
= 2.370
SD
= 0.833
 Eurobarometer (2018): study ES 2018 15+ aged, general public, Spain 2018 N = 1020
Mean
= 2.990
SD
= 0.656
 Eurobarometer (2018): study FR 2018 15+ aged, general public, France, 2018 N = 1020
Mean
= 3.040
SD
= 0.647
 Eurobarometer (2018): study RS 2018 15+ aged, general public, Serbia, 2018 N = 1019
Mean
= 2.434
SD
= 0.768
 Eurobarometer (2018): study ZZ EU28 2018 15+ aged, general public, EU28, 2018 N = 27988
Mean
= 3.040
SD
= 0.695
 Eurobarometer (2018a): study TR 2018 General public, 15+ aged, Turkey, 2018 N = 1033
Mean
= 2.770
SD
= 0.937
 Eurobarometer (2018a): study SI 2018 General public, 15+ aged, Slovenia, 2018 N = 1017
Mean
= 3.190
SD
= 0.611
 Eurobarometer (2018a): study MT 2018 General public, 15+ aged, Malta, 2018 N = 502
Mean
= 3.303
SD
= 0.521
 Eurobarometer (2018a): study NL 2018 General public, 15+ aged, Netherlands, 2018 N = 1035
Mean
= 3.510
SD
= 0.624
 Eurobarometer (2018a): study AT 2018 General public, 15+ aged, Austria, 2018 N = 1015
Mean
= 3.260
SD
= 0.626
 Eurobarometer (2018a): study PL 2018 General public, 15+ aged, Poland, 2018 N = 1025
Mean
= 3.061
SD
= 0.531
 Eurobarometer (2018a): study PT 2018 General public, 15+ aged, Portugal, 2018 N = 1006
Mean
= 2.730
SD
= 0.563
 Eurobarometer (2018a): study RO 2018 General public, 15+ aged, Romania, 2018 N = 1042
Mean
= 2.550
SD
= 0.712
 Eurobarometer (2018a): study SK 2018 General public, 15+ aged, Slovakia, 2018 N = 1013
Mean
= 2.939
SD
= 0.664
 Eurobarometer (2018a): study LU 2018 General public, 15+ aged, Luxemburg, 2018 N = 501
Mean
= 3.310
SD
= 0.542
 Eurobarometer (2018a): study FI 2018 General public, 15+ aged, Finland, 2018 N = 997
Mean
= 3.320
SD
= 0.598
 Eurobarometer (2018a): study SE 2018 General public, 15+ aged, Sweden, 2018 N = 1015
Mean
= 3.430
SD
= 0.604
 Eurobarometer (2018a): study GB 2018 General public, 15+ aged, United Kingdom, 2018 N = 1015
Mean
= 3.330
SD
= 0.649
 Eurobarometer (2018a): study AL 2018 General public, 15+ aged, Albania, 2018 N = 1049
Mean
= 2.660
SD
= 0.636
 Eurobarometer (2018a): study MK 2018 General public, 15+ aged, Macedonia, 2018 N = 1026
Mean
= 2.670
SD
= 0.788
 Eurobarometer (2018a): study ME 2018 General public, 15+ aged, Montenegro, 2018 N = 549
Mean
= 2.798
SD
= 0.765
 Eurobarometer (2018a): study RS 2018 General public, 15+ aged, Serbia, 2018 N = 1019
Mean
= 2.485
SD
= 0.783
 Eurobarometer (2018a): study HU 2018 General public, 15+ aged, Hungary, 2018 N = 1023
Mean
= 2.808
SD
= 0.630
 Eurobarometer (2018a): study LT 2018 General public, 15+ aged, Lithuania, 2018 N = 1004
Mean
= 2.870
SD
= 0.744
 Eurobarometer (2018): study PT 2018 15+ aged, general public, Portugal, 2018 N = 1087
Mean
= 2.770
SD
= 0.581
 Eurobarometer (2018a): study DE 2018 General public, 15+ aged, Germany, 2018 N = 1519
Mean
= 3.230
SD
= 0.614
 Castellacci & Schwabe (2018): study ZZ EU 27 2010 15+ aged, general public, 27 EU nations, 2010-2013 N = 100000
Mean
= 2.840
SD
= 0.820
 Wilczek (2018): study ZZ Europe 2010 15+ aged, general public, Europe 2010-2015 N = 73860
Mean
= 3.000
SD
= 0.780
 Michel et al. (2019): study ZZ EU 27 1980 15+ aged, 27 nations, Europe, 1980-2011 N = 900000
Eurobarometer (2018a): study BE 2018 General public, 15+ aged, Belgium, 2018 N = 1072
Mean
= 3.120
SD
= 0.605
 Eurobarometer (2018a): study BG 2018 General public, 15+ aged, Bulgaria, 2018 N = 1026
Mean
= 2.392
SD
= 0.819
 Eurobarometer (2018a): study CZ 2018 General public, 15+ aged, Tsjechie, 2018 N = 1001
Mean
= 2.990
SD
= 0.624
 Eurobarometer (2018a): study DK 2018 General public, 15+ aged, Denmark, 2018 N = 1020
Mean
= 3.650
SD
= 0.589
 Eurobarometer (2018a): study EE 2018 General public, 15+ aged, Estonia, 2018 N = 1009
Mean
= 2.990
SD
= 0.557
 Eurobarometer (2018a): study LV 2018 General public, 15+ aged, Latvia, 2018 N = 1000
Mean
= 2.869
SD
= 0.646
 Eurobarometer (2018a): study IE 2018 General public, 15+ aged, Ierland, 2018 N = 1004
Mean
= 3.400
SD
= 0.548
 Eurobarometer (2018a): study GR 2018 General public, 15+ aged, Greece, 2018 N = 1004
Mean
= 2.350
SD
= 0.841
 Eurobarometer (2018a): study ES 2018 General public, 15+ aged, Spanje, 2018 N = 1011
Mean
= 3.060
SD
= 0.614
 Eurobarometer (2018a): study FR 2018 General public, 15+ aged, France, 2018 N = 1011
Mean
= 2.940
SD
= 0.746
 Eurobarometer (2018a): study HR 2018 General public, 15+ aged, Croatia, 2018 N = 1004
Mean
= 2.800
SD
= 0.748
 Eurobarometer (2018a): study IT 2018 General public, 15+ aged, Italy, 2018 N = 1021
Mean
= 2.710
SD
= 0.668
 Eurobarometer (2018a): study CY 2018 General public, 15+ aged, Cyprus, 2018 N = 505
Mean
= 3.110
SD
= 0.720
 Eurobarometer (2020): study FR 2020 15+ Aged General Public, France, 2020 N = 1006
Mean
= 3.040
SD
= 0.706
 Eurobarometer (2020): study IT 2020 15+ Aged General Public, Italy, 2020 N = 1027
Mean
= 2.740
SD
= 0.702
 Eurobarometer (2016b): study GB 2016 15+ aged, general public, United Kingdom, 2016 N = 1352
Mean
= 3.395
SD
= 0.653
 Bergsma (2022): study ZZ EU 15 2010 15+ aged general public, EU15 nations 2010 N = 22500
Bergsma (2022): study ZZ EU 15 2003 15+ aged general public, EU15 nations 2003 N = 22500
Bergsma (2022): study ZZ EU 15 2006 15+ aged general public, EU15 nations 2006 N = 22500
Bergsma (2022): study ZZ EU 15 2006 /1 15+ aged general public, EU15 nations 2006 N = 22500
Bergsma (2022): study ZZ EU 15 2007 15+ aged general public, EU15 nations 2007 N = 22500
Bergsma (2022): study ZZ EU 15 2008 15+ aged general public, EU15 nations 2008 N = 22500
Bergsma (2022): study ZZ EU 15 2009 15+ aged general public, EU15 nations 2009 N = 22500
Bergsma (2022): study ZZ EU 15 2011 15+ aged general public, EU15 nations 2011 N = 22500
Bergsma (2022): study ZZ EU 15 2002 15+ aged general public, EU15 nations 2002 N = 22500
Bergsma (2022): study ZZ EU 15 2012 15+ aged general public, EU15 nations 2012 N = 22500
Bergsma (2022): study ZZ EU 15 2013 15+ aged general public, EU15 nations 2013 N = 22500
Bergsma (2022): study ZZ EU 15 2014 15+ aged general public, EU15 nations 2014 N = 22500
Bergsma (2022): study ZZ EU 15 2016 15+ aged general public, EU15 nations 2016 N = 22500
Bergsma (2022): study ZZ EU 15 2017 15+ aged general public, EU15 nations 2017 N = 22500
Bergsma (2022): study ZZ EU 15 2019 15+ aged general public, EU15 nations 2019 N = 22500
Bergsma (2022): study ZZ EU 15 1999 /1 15+ aged general public, EU15 nations 1999 N = 22500
Bergsma (2022): study ZZ EU 15 2002 /1 15+ aged general public, EU15 nations 2002 N = 22500
Bergsma (2022): study ZZ EU 15 2001 /1 15+ aged general public, EU15 nations 2001 N = 22500
Bergsma (2022): study ZZ EU 15 2015 /2 15+ aged general public, EU15 nations 2015 N = 22500
Eurobarometer (2021a): study SI 2021 15+ Aged General Public,Slovenia, 2021 N = 1027
Mean
= 3.210
SD
= 0.621
 Eurobarometer (2021a): study MT 2021 15+ Aged General Public,Malta, 2021 N = 502
Mean
= 3.160
SD
= 0.561
 Eurobarometer (2021a): study NL 2021 15+ Aged General Public,Netherlands, 2021 N = 1033
Mean
= 3.430
SD
= 0.587
 Eurobarometer (2021a): study AT 2021 15+ Aged General Public,Austria, 2021 N = 1004
Mean
= 3.190
SD
= 0.771
 Eurobarometer (2021a): study PL 2021 15+ Aged General Public, Poland, 2021 N = 1017
Mean
= 3.071
SD
= 0.555
 Eurobarometer (2021a): study PT 2021 15+ Aged General Public, Portugal, 2021 N = 1000
Mean
= 2.790
SD
= 0.516
 Eurobarometer (2021a): study RO 2021 15+ Aged General Public,Romania, 2021 N = 1048
Mean
= 2.680
SD
= 0.733
 Eurobarometer (2021a): study SK 2021 15+ Aged General Public, Slovakia, 2021 N = 1011
Mean
= 2.970
SD
= 0.714
 Bergsma (2022): study ZZ EU 15 2001 15+ aged general public, EU15 nations 2001 N = 22500
Eurobarometer (2021a): study FI 2021 15+ Aged General Public,Finland, 2021 N = 1001
Mean
= 3.120
SD
= 0.571
 Eurobarometer (2021a): study SE 2021 15+ Aged General Public, Sweden, 2021 N = 1015
Mean
= 3.330
SD
= 0.617
 Brown et al. (2018): study ZZ EU 16 1983 15+ aged general public, 16 EU countries 1983-2013 N = 853482
Mean
= 3.072
SD
= 0.748
 Patino et al. (2021): study ZZ EU 27 2005 15+ aged, 27 European nations, 2005-2019 N = 691781
Mean
= 2.889
 Bergsma (2022): study ZZ EU 15 1999 15+ aged general public, EU15 nations 1999 N = 22500
Bergsma (2022): study ZZ EU 15 2000 15+ aged general public, EU15 nations 2000 N = 22500
Bergsma (2022): study ZZ EU 15 2000 /1 15+ aged general public, EU15 nations 2000 N = 22500
Bergsma (2022): study ZZ EU 15 2015 /1 15+ aged general public, EU15 nations 2015 N = 22500
Brown et al. (2019): study ZZ EU 13 1999 +15 general public 13 EU nations, 1999-2009 N = 207830
Mean
= 3.115
SD
= 0.710
 Eurobarometer (2021a): study LU 2021 15+ Aged General Public,Luxembourg, 2021 N = 514
Mean
= 3.310
SD
= 0.628
 Eurobarometer (2022): study AL 2022 15+ aged, Albania, 2022 N = 1000
Mean
= 2.540
SD
= 0.713
 Eurobarometer (2022): study PT 2022 15+ aged, Portugal, 2022 N = 1000
Mean
= 2.860
SD
= 0.548
 Eurobarometer (2022): study RO 2022 15+ aged, Romania, 2022 N = 1000
Mean
= 2.610
SD
= 0.720
 Eurobarometer (2022): study SI 2022 15+ aged, Slovenia, 2022 N = 1000
Eurobarometer (2022): study SK 2022 15+ aged, Slovakia, 2022 N = 1000
Mean
= 2.770
SD
= 0.786
 Eurobarometer (2022): study FI 2022 15+ aged, Finland, 2022 N = 1000
Mean
= 3.190
SD
= 0.578
 Eurobarometer (2022): study SE 2022 15+ aged, Sweden, 2022 N = 1000
Mean
= 3.330
SD
= 0.601
 Eurobarometer (2022): study MK 2022 15+ aged, North Macedonia, 2022 N = 1000
Mean
= 2.660
SD
= 0.790
 Eurobarometer (2022): study AT 2022 15+ aged, Austria, 2022 N = 1000
Mean
= 3.080
SD
= 0.673
 Eurobarometer (2022): study ME 2022 15+ aged, Montenegro, 2022 N = 1000
Mean
= 2.720
SD
= 0.736
 Eurobarometer (2022): study RS 2022 15+ aged, Serbia, 2022 N = 1000
Mean
= 2.680
SD
= 0.798
 Eurobarometer (2022): study TR 2022 15+ aged, Turkiye, 2022 N = 1000
Mean
= 2.620
SD
= 0.925
 Eurobarometer (2022): study BA 2022 15+ aged, Bosnia-Herzegovina, 2022 N = 1000
Mean
= 2.880
SD
= 0.725
 Eurobarometer (2022): study CH 2022 15+ aged, Switzerland, 2022 N = 1000
Mean
= 3.390
SD
= 0.598
 Eurobarometer (2022): study IS 2022 15+ aged, Iceland, 2022 N = 1000
Mean
= 3.290
SD
= 0.683
 Eurobarometer (2022): study NO 2022 15+ aged, Norway, 2022 N = 1000
Mean
= 3.180
SD
= 0.638
 Eurobarometer (2022): study PL 2022 15+ aged, Poland, 2022 N = 1000
Mean
= 3.020
SD
= 0.600
 Eurobarometer (2022): study NL 2022 15+ aged, Netherlands, 2022 N = 1000
Mean
= 3.490
SD
= 0.557
 Eurobarometer (2022): study ZZ EU 27 2022 15+ aged, 27 EU nations, 2021 N = 27000
Eurobarometer (2022): study ES 2022 15+ aged, Spain, 2022 N = 1000
Mean
= 3.050
SD
= 0.622
 Eurobarometer (2022): study BE 2022 15+ aged, Belgium, 2022 N = 1000
Mean
= 3.040
SD
= 0.615
 Eurobarometer (2022): study BG 2022 15+ aged, Bulgaria, 2022 N = 1000
Eurobarometer (2022): study CZ 2022 15+ aged, Czech Republik, 2022 N = 1000
Mean
= 3.090
SD
= 0.585
 Eurobarometer (2022): study DK 2022 15+ aged, Denmark, 2022 N = 1000
Mean
= 3.570
SD
= 0.570
 Eurobarometer (2022): study EE 2022 15+ aged, Estonia, 2022 N = 1000
Mean
= 2.920
SD
= 0.560
 Eurobarometer (2022): study IE 2022 15+ aged, Ireland, 2022 N = 1000
Eurobarometer (2022): study GR 2022 15+ aged, Greece, 2022 N = 1000
Mean
= 2.530
SD
= 0.768
 Eurobarometer (2022): study FR 2022 15+ aged, France, 2022 N = 1000
Mean
= 2.930
SD
= 0.711
 Eurobarometer (2022): study MT 2022 15+ aged, Malta, 2022 N = 1000
Mean
= 3.100
SD
= 0.624
 Eurobarometer (2022): study HR 2022 15+ aged, Croatia, 2022 N = 1000
Mean
= 2.910
SD
= 0.665
 Eurobarometer (2022): study IT 2022 15+ aged, Italy, 2022 N = 1000
Mean
= 2.730
SD
= 0.646
 Eurobarometer (2022): study CY 2022 15+ aged, Cyprus, 2022 N = 1000
Mean
= 3.060
SD
= 0.676
 Eurobarometer (2022): study LV 2022 15+ aged, Latvia, 2022 N = 1000
Mean
= 2.820
SD
= 0.684
 Eurobarometer (2022): study LT 2022 15+ aged, Lithunia, 2022 N = 1000
Mean
= 2.970
SD
= 0.699
 Eurobarometer (2022): study LU 2022 15+ aged, Luxemburg, 2022 N = 1000
Mean
= 3.170
SD
= 0.601
 Eurobarometer (2022): study GR 2022 /1 15+ aged, Hungary, 2022 N = 1000
Mean
= 2.910
SD
= 0.585
 Eurobarometer (2021a): study HU 2021 15+ Aged General Public,Hungary, 2021 N = 1021
Mean
= 2.880
SD
= 0.652
 Eurobarometer (2021a): study LT 2021 15+ Aged General Public, Lithuania, 2021 N = 1000
Mean
= 2.930
SD
= 0.652
 Eurobarometer (2020): study CY 2020 15+ Aged General Public, Cyprus, 2020 N = 505
Mean
= 3.200
SD
= 0.663
 Eurobarometer (2019a): study RS 2019 15+ aged, general public, Serbia, 2019 N = 1017
Mean
= 2.541
SD
= 0.758
 Eurobarometer (2020): study XY Cyprus-Turkish 2020 15+ Aged General Public, Cyprus-Turkish, 2020 N = 500
Mean
= 2.737
SD
= 0.970
 Eurobarometer (2019): study XY Cyprus-Turkish 2019 15+ aged, general public, Cyprus-Turkish, 2019 N = 500
Mean
= 2.780
SD
= 1.092
 Eurobarometer (2019): study IE 2019 15+ aged, general public, Ireland, 2019 N = 1028
Mean
= 3.350
SD
= 0.638
 Eurobarometer (2019a): study ZZ EU28 2019 15+ aged, general public, , EU28, 2019 N = 27382
Mean
= 3.060
SD
= 0.705
 Eurobarometer (2019a): study AL 2019 15+ aged, general public, Albania, 2019 N = 1046
Mean
= 2.570
SD
= 0.604
 Eurobarometer (2019a): study TR 2019 15+ aged, general public, Turkey, 2019 N = 1011
Mean
= 2.850
SD
= 0.953
 Eurobarometer (2019a): study ME 2019 15+ aged, general public, Montenegro, 2019 N = 529
Mean
= 2.800
SD
= 0.693
 Eurobarometer (2020): study RS 2020 15+ Aged General Public, Serbia, 2020 N = 1073
Mean
= 2.540
SD
= 0.767
 Eurobarometer (2019a): study MK 2019 15+ aged, general public, Macedonia, 2019 N = 1058
Mean
= 2.560
SD
= 0.816
 Eurobarometer (2019a): study XY Cyprus-Turkish 2019 15+ aged, general public, Cyprus-Turkey, 2019 N = 500
Mean
= 2.768
SD
= 1.109
 Baltatescu (2006c): study ZZ Eastern Europe 2001 15+ aged general public, Eastern European countries 2001-2005 N = 11000
Baltatescu (2010): study ZZ Eastern Europe 2001 15+ aged general public, Eastern European countries 2001-2008 N = 80000
Blanchflower et al. (2013a): study ZZ EU28 1975 +18 aged, general public, 31European countries, 1975-2013 N = 3100
Eurobarometer (2021): study BE 2021 15+ Aged General Public, Belgium, 2021 N = 1060
Mean
= 3.020
SD
= 0.616
 Eurobarometer (2021): study BG 2021 15+ Aged General Public, Bulgaria, 2021 N = 1032
Mean
= 2.525
SD
= 0.730
 Eurobarometer (2020): study TR 2020 15+ Aged General Public, Turkey, 2020 N = 1015
Mean
= 2.730
SD
= 0.870
 Eurobarometer (2020): study ME 2020 15+ Aged General Public, Montenegro, 2020 N = 541
Mean
= 2.720
SD
= 0.801
 Eurobarometer (2021): study DK 2021 15+ Aged General Public, Denmark, 2021 N = 1010
Mean
= 3.380
SD
= 0.645
 Eurobarometer (2020): study PL 2020 15+ Aged General Public, Poland, 2020 N = 1031
Mean
= 3.080
SD
= 0.611