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Happiness Measures

Measures of Happiness: C-BW-c-sq-l-11-c

Characteristics

Code:
C-BW-c-sq-l-11-c
Focus:
Contentment: Best-Worst possible life (C-BW)
Time frame:
currently (today, these days, presently) (c)
Mode:
1 question (sq)
Scale Type:
ladder scale (l)
Scale Range:
11

Description

Self report on single question:

Here is ladder representing the 'ladder of life'. Let's suppose the top of the ladder represents the best possible life for you; and the bottom, the worst possible life for you. On which step of the ladder do you feel you personally stand at the present time?
10 best possible
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0 worst possible life

This question was followed (not preceded) by items on life 5 years ago and 5 years from now.

List of Studies Using this Measure

Study Population N Mean
Standard Deviation
Helliwell et al. (2020): study DK 2005 15+ aged general public, Denmark, 2005 N = 1000
Mean
= 8.020
SD
= 1.340
Gallup (2008a): study DK 2006 15+ aged, general public, Denmark, 2006 N = 998
Mean
= 8.010
SD
= 1.340
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study DK 2006 /1 15+ aged, general public, Denmark, 2006 N = 1004
Mean
= 8.000
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study DK 2008 /1 15+ aged, general public, Denmark, 2008 N = 1001
Mean
= 8.000
Bouman et al. (2016): study NL 2012 Trans women >1 year after vaginoplasty, Netherlands 2012 N = 27
Mean
= 8.000
Helliwell et al. (2020): study DK 2008 15+ aged general public, Denmark, 2008 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.970
SD
= 1.410
Vandersluis et al. (2016): study NL 2011 Transgender women who underwent secondary intestinal vaginoplasty between 1970-2000, Netherlands, 201? N = 9
Mean
= 7.900
SD
= 0.700
Helliwell et al. (2021): study FI 2020 15+ aged general public, Finland 2020 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.889
Helliwell et al. (2020): study FI 2018 15+ aged general public, Finland, 2018 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.860
SD
= 1.430
Gallup (2008a): study DK 2007 15+ aged, general public, Denmark, 2007 N = 1007
Mean
= 7.830
SD
= 1.500
Helliwell et al. (2020): study DK 2007 15+ aged general public, Denmark, 2007 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.830
SD
= 1.500
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study DK 2011 15+ aged, general public, Denmark, 2011 N = 1005
Mean
= 7.800
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study DK 2010 15+ aged, general public, Denmark, 2010 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.800
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study DK 2007 15+ aged, general public, Denmark, 2007 N = 1009
Mean
= 7.800
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study CH 2012 15+ aged, general public, Switzerland, 2012 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.800
Helliwell et al. (2020): study FI 2017 15+ aged general public, Finland, 2017 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.790
SD
= 1.420
Helliwell et al. (2020): study DK 2011 15+ aged general public, Denmark, 2011 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.790
SD
= 1.500
Gallup (2009a): study DK 2011 15+ aged, general public, Denmark, 2011 N = 1002
Mean
= 7.780
SD
= 1.500
Helliwell et al. (2020): study FI 2019 15+ aged general public, Finland, 2019 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.780
SD
= 1.430
Helliwell et al. (2020): study CH 2012 15+ aged general public, Switzerland, 2012 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.780
SD
= 1.560
Gallup World View (2012): study CH 2012 15+ aged general public Switzerland, 2012 N = 997
Mean
= 7.770
SD
= 1.560
Helliwell et al. (2020): study DK 2010 15+ aged general public, Denmark, 2010 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.770
SD
= 1.520
Gallup World View (2012): study CA 2012 15+ aged, general public, Canada, 2012 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.700
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study CA 2010 15+ aged, general public, Canada, 2010 N = 1007
Mean
= 7.700
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study DK 2009 /1 15+ aged, general public, Denmark, 2009 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.700
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study FI 2006 15+ aged, general public, Finland, 2006 N = 1010
Mean
= 7.700
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study FI 2008 15+ aged, general public, Finland, 2008 N = 1005
Mean
= 7.700
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study NO 2012 15+ aged, general public, Norway, 2012 N = 1004
Mean
= 7.700
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study FI 2016 15+ aged, general public, Finland, 2016 N = 998
Mean
= 7.700
Helliwell et al. (2020): study DK 2019 15+ aged general public, Denmark, 2019 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.690
SD
= 1.470
Helliwell et al. (2020): study CH 2019 15+ aged general public, Switzerland, 2019 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.690
SD
= 1.460
Helliwell et al. (2020): study DK 2009 15+ aged general public, Denmark, 2009 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.680
SD
= 1.580
Helliwell et al. (2020): study NO 2012 15+ aged general public, Norway, 2012 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.680
SD
= 1.750
Blauw (2014a): study NL 2012 Female university students, members of a sorority, The Netherlands, followed 1 year 2012-2013 N = 170
Mean
= 7.680
SD
= 0.930
Gallup (2008a): study FI 2006 15+ aged, general public, Finland, 2006 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.670
SD
= 1.350
Gallup (2008a): study FI 2008 15+ aged, general public, Finland, 2008 N = 998
Mean
= 7.670
SD
= 1.420
Gallup World View (2012): study NO 2012 15+ aged general public Norway, 2012 N = 994
Mean
= 7.670
SD
= 1.740
Helliwell et al. (2020): study FI 2006 15+ aged general public, Finland, 2006 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.670
SD
= 1.360
Helliwell et al. (2020): study FI 2008 15+ aged general public, Finland, 2008 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.670
SD
= 1.420
Helliwell et al. (2020): study FI 2016 15+ aged general public, Finland, 2016 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.660
SD
= 1.480
Helliwell et al. (2020): study DK 2018 15+ aged general public, Denmark, 2018 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.650
SD
= 1.650
Helliwell et al. (2020): study CA 2010 15+ aged general public, Canada, 2010 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.650
SD
= 1.750
Gallup (2008a): study NL 2008 15+ aged, general public, Netherlands, 2008 N = 997
Mean
= 7.630
SD
= 1.020
Gallup (2008a): study NO 2008 15+ aged, general public, Norway, 2008 N = 993
Mean
= 7.630
SD
= 1.530
Helliwell et al. (2020): study NL 2008 15+ aged general public, Netherlands, 2008 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.630
SD
= 1.020
Helliwell et al. (2020): study NO 2008 15+ aged general public, Norway, 2008 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.630
SD
= 1.530
Helliwell et al. (2020): study CR 2009 15+ aged general public, Costa Rica, 2009 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.610
SD
= 1.930
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study NO 2015 15+ aged, general public, Norway, 2015 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.600
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study CH 2015 15+ aged, general public, Switzerland, 2015 N = 501
Mean
= 7.600
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study CA 2013 15+ aged, general public, Canada, 2013 N = 1021
Mean
= 7.600
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study DK 2013 15+ aged, general public, Denmark, 2013 N = 753
Mean
= 7.600
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study CR 2009 /1 15+ aged, general public, Costa Rica, 2009 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.600
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study IS 2012 15+ aged, general public, Iceland, 2012 N = 1002
Mean
= 7.600
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study IE 2008 15+ aged, general public, Ireland, 2008 N = 1001
Mean
= 7.600
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study NL 2008 15+ aged, general public, Netherlands, 2008 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.600
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study NL 2011 15+ aged, general public, Netherlands, 2011 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.600
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study NZ 2007 15+ aged, general public, New Zealand, 2007 N = 750
Mean
= 7.600
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study NO 2008 15+ aged, general public, Norway, 2008 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.600
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study SE 2012 15+ aged, general public, Sweden, 2012 N = 1006
Mean
= 7.600
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study DK 2016 15+ aged, general public, Denmark, 2016 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.600
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study NO 2016 15+ aged, general public, Norway, 2016 N = 1998
Mean
= 7.600
Helliwell et al. (2020): study NZ 2007 15+ aged general public, New Zealand, 2007 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.600
SD
= 1.600
Helliwell et al. (2020): study NO 2015 15+ aged general public, Norway, 2015 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.600
SD
= 1.680
Helliwell et al. (2020): study NO 2016 15+ aged general public, Norway, 2016 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.600
SD
= 1.580
Gallup World View (2012): study IS 2012 15+ aged general public Iceland, 2012 N = 995
Mean
= 7.590
SD
= 1.560
Helliwell et al. (2020): study DK 2017 15+ aged general public, Denmark, 2017 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.590
SD
= 1.670
Helliwell et al. (2020): study CA 2013 15+ aged general public, Canada, 2013 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.590
SD
= 1.660
Helliwell et al. (2020): study DK 2013 15+ aged general public, Denmark, 2013 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.590
SD
= 1.720
Helliwell et al. (2020): study IS 2012 15+ aged general public, Iceland, 2012 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.590
SD
= 1.570
Latin American Public Opinion Project (2010): study CR 2008 18+ aged, general public, Costa Rica, 2008 N = 1500
Mean
= 7.589
SD
= 2.216
Helliwell et al. (2020): study NO 2017 15+ aged general public, Norway, 2017 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.580
SD
= 1.620
Helliwell et al. (2021): study IS 2020 15+ aged general public, Iceland 2020 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.575
Helliwell et al. (2020): study IE 2008 15+ aged general public, Ireland, 2008 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.570
SD
= 1.510
Helliwell et al. (2020): study CH 2015 15+ aged general public, Switzerland, 2015 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.570
SD
= 1.800
Gallup (2008a): study IE 2008 15+ aged, general public, Ireland, 2008 N = 998
Mean
= 7.560
SD
= 1.510
Gallup World View (2012): study SE 2012 15+ aged general public Sweden, 2012 N = 997
Mean
= 7.560
SD
= 1.580
Helliwell et al. (2020): study DK 2016 15+ aged general public, Denmark, 2016 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.560
SD
= 1.610
Helliwell et al. (2020): study NL 2011 15+ aged general public, Netherlands, 2011 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.560
SD
= 1.290
Helliwell et al. (2020): study SE 2012 15+ aged general public, Sweden, 2012 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.560
SD
= 1.590
Helliwell et al. (2020): study NL 2016 15+ aged general public, Netherlands, 2016 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.540
SD
= 1.280
Helliwell et al. (2020): study IS 2019 15+ aged general public, Iceland, 2019 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.530
SD
= 1.550
Gallup (2009a): study CH 2009 15+ aged, general public, Switzerland, 2011 N = 998
Mean
= 7.520
SD
= 1.570
Helliwell et al. (2020): study DK 2012 15+ aged general public, Denmark, 2012 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.520
SD
= 1.700
Helliwell et al. (2020): study SE 2008 15+ aged general public, Sweden, 2008 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.520
SD
= 1.550
Helliwell et al. (2020): study CH 2009 15+ aged general public, Switzerland, 2009 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.520
SD
= 1.580
Helliwell et al. (2021): study DK 2020 15+ aged general public, Denmark 2020 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.515
Gallup (2008a): study SE 2008 15+ aged, general public, Sweden, 2008 N = 996
Mean
= 7.510
SD
= 1.550
Gallup World View (2012): study DK 2012 15+ aged general public Denmark, 2012 N = 997
Mean
= 7.510
SD
= 1.700
Helliwell et al. (2020): study DK 2014 15+ aged general public, Denmark, 2014 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.510
SD
= 1.670
Helliwell et al. (2020): study DK 2015 15+ aged general public, Denmark, 2015 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.510
SD
= 1.620
Helliwell et al. (2020): study IS 2016 15+ aged general public, Iceland, 2016 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.510
SD
= 1.570
Helliwell et al. (2020): study CH 2018 15+ aged general public, Switzerland, 2018 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.510
SD
= 1.640
Helliwell et al. (2020): study US 2007 15+ aged general public, United States of America, 2007 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.510
SD
= 1.720
Helliwell et al. (2021): study CH 2020 15+ aged general public, Switzerland 2020 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.508
Helliwell et al. (2021): study NL 2020 15+ aged general public, Netherlands 2020 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.504
Gallup (2009a): study NL 2010 15+ aged, general public, Netherlands, 2011 N = 998
Mean
= 7.500
SD
= 1.330
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study DK 2015 15+ aged, general public, Denmark, 2015 N = 1002
Mean
= 7.500
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study AU 2010 15+ aged, general public, Australia, 2010 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.500
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study AT 2013 15+ aged, general public, Austria, 2013 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.500
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study CA 2009 15+ aged, general public, Canada, 2009 N = 1011
Mean
= 7.500
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study CA 2008 15+ aged, general public, Canada, 2008 N = 1005
Mean
= 7.500
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study CA 2007 15+ aged, general public, Canada, 2007 N = 1010
Mean
= 7.500
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study AT 2011 15+ aged, general public, Austria, 2011 N = 1004
Mean
= 7.500
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study DK 2014 15+ aged, general public, Denmark, 2014 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.500
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study DK 2012 15+ aged, general public, Denmark, 2012 N = 1001
Mean
= 7.500
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study IS 2013 15+ aged, general public, Iceland, 2013 N = 502
Mean
= 7.500
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study NL 2006 15+ aged, general public, Netherlands, 2006 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.500
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study NL 2007 15+ aged, general public, Netherlands, 2007 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.500
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study NL 2010 15+ aged, general public, Netherlands, 2010 N = 1001
Mean
= 7.500
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study NL 2012 15+ aged, general public, Netherlands, 2012 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.500
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study SE 2008 15+ aged, general public, Sweden, 2008 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.500
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study SE 2010 15+ aged, general public, Sweden, 2010 N = 1002
Mean
= 7.500
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study CH 2006 15+ aged, general public, Switzerland, 2006 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.500
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study CH 2009 15+ aged, general public, Switzerland, 2009 N = 1003
Mean
= 7.500
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study CH 2014 15+ aged, general public, Switzerland, 2014 N = 1002
Mean
= 7.500
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study US 2007 15+ aged, general public, United States, 2007 N = 1225
Mean
= 7.500
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study VE 2010 15+ aged, general public, Venezuela, 2010 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.500
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study IS 2016 15+ aged, general public, Iceland, 2016 N = 525
Mean
= 7.500
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study NL 2016 15+ aged, general public, Netherlands, 2016 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.500
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study CH 2016 15+ aged, general public, Switzerland, 2016 N = 999
Mean
= 7.500
Graham & Nikolova (2013a): study ZZ Various nation sets 2010 15+ aged general public, Eurppean nations, other than EU and Balkans, 2010- 2012 N = 10000
Mean
= 7.500
SD
= 1.670
Helliwell et al. (2020): study AT 2013 15+ aged general public, Austria, 2013 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.500
SD
= 1.860
Helliwell et al. (2020): study IS 2013 15+ aged general public, Iceland, 2013 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.500
SD
= 1.570
Helliwell et al. (2020): study IS 2015 15+ aged general public, Iceland, 2015 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.500
SD
= 1.690
Helliwell et al. (2020): study NL 2010 15+ aged general public, Netherlands, 2010 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.500
SD
= 1.340
Helliwell et al. (2020): study SE 2010 15+ aged general public, Sweden, 2010 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.500
SD
= 1.590
Helliwell et al. (2020): study CA 2008 15+ aged general public, Canada, 2008 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.490
SD
= 1.620
Helliwell et al. (2020): study CA 2009 15+ aged general public, Canada, 2009 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.490
SD
= 1.610
Helliwell et al. (2020): study CH 2014 15+ aged general public, Switzerland, 2014 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.490
SD
= 1.520
Gallup (2008a): study CA 2008 15+ aged, general public, Canada, 2008 N = 1002
Mean
= 7.480
SD
= 1.610
Pew Research Center (2007): study CA 2007 18+ aged, general public, Canada, 2007 N = 1008
Mean
= 7.480
SD
= 1.810
Helliwell et al. (2020): study IS 2017 15+ aged general public, Iceland, 2017 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.480
SD
= 1.630
Helliwell et al. (2020): study CA 2007 15+ aged general public, Canada, 2007 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.480
SD
= 1.820
Helliwell et al. (2020): study VE 2010 15+ aged general public, Venezuela, 2010 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.480
SD
= 2.290
Gallup (2008a): study CH 2006 15+ aged, general public, Switzerland, 2006 N = 996
Mean
= 7.470
SD
= 1.620
Gallup World View (2012): study AT 2011 /1 15+ aged, general public, Austria, 2011 N = 995
Mean
= 7.470
SD
= 1.840
Gallup World View (2012): study NL 2012 15+ aged general public Netherlands, 2012 N = 999
Mean
= 7.470
SD
= 1.350
Helliwell et al. (2020): study AT 2011 15+ aged general public, Austria, 2011 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.470
SD
= 1.850
Helliwell et al. (2020): study NL 2012 15+ aged general public, Netherlands, 2012 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.470
SD
= 1.350
Helliwell et al. (2020): study CH 2006 15+ aged general public, Switzerland, 2006 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.470
SD
= 1.620
Helliwell et al. (2020): study CH 2017 15+ aged general public, Switzerland, 2017 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.470
SD
= 1.540
Helliwell et al. (2020): study NL 2005 15+ aged general public, Netherlands, 2005 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.460
SD
= 1.240
Helliwell et al. (2020): study NL 2017 15+ aged general public, Netherlands, 2017 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.460
SD
= 1.320
Helliwell et al. (2020): study NL 2018 15+ aged general public, Netherlands, 2018 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.460
SD
= 1.230
Helliwell et al. (2020): study CH 2016 15+ aged general public, Switzerland, 2016 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.460
SD
= 1.690
Helliwell et al. (2020): study AU 2010 15+ aged general public, Australia, 2010 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.450
SD
= 1.740
Helliwell et al. (2020): study FI 2015 15+ aged general public, Finland, 2015 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.450
SD
= 1.570
Helliwell et al. (2020): study NL 2007 15+ aged general public, Netherlands, 2007 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.450
SD
= 1.440
Helliwell et al. (2020): study FI 2013 15+ aged general public, Finland, 2013 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.440
SD
= 1.560
Helliwell et al. (2020): study MX 2013 15+ aged general public, Mexico, 2013 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.440
SD
= 2.080
Helliwell et al. (2020): study NO 2014 15+ aged general public, Norway, 2014 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.440
SD
= 1.640
Helliwell et al. (2020): study NO 2018 15+ aged general public, Norway, 2018 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.440
SD
= 1.520
Helliwell et al. (2020): study NO 2019 15+ aged general public, Norway, 2019 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.440
SD
= 1.590
Gallup (2009a): study IL 2011 15+ aged, general public, Israel, 2011 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.430
SD
= 1.820
Graham & Nikolova (2013a): study ZZ North America 2010 15+ aged general public, North America, 2010- 2012 N = 10000
Mean
= 7.430
SD
= 1.870
Helliwell et al. (2020): study CA 2011 15+ aged general public, Canada, 2011 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.430
SD
= 1.820
Helliwell et al. (2020): study CR 2007 15+ aged general public, Costa Rica, 2007 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.430
SD
= 2.170
Helliwell et al. (2020): study IL 2011 15+ aged general public, Israel, 2011 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.430
SD
= 1.820
Helliwell et al. (2020): study NL 2019 15+ aged general public, Netherlands, 2019 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.430
SD
= 1.290
Helliwell et al. (2020): study SE 2013 15+ aged general public, Sweden, 2013 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.430
SD
= 1.660
Gallup World View (2012): study FI 2012 15+ aged general public Finland, 2012 N = 998
Mean
= 7.420
SD
= 1.630
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study CA 2011 15+ aged general population, Canada, 2011 N = 1012
Mean
= 7.420
SD
= 1.810
Helliwell et al. (2020): study CA 2005 15+ aged general public, Canada, 2005 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.420
SD
= 1.640
Helliwell et al. (2020): study CA 2012 15+ aged general public, Canada, 2012 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.420
SD
= 1.770
Helliwell et al. (2020): study FI 2012 15+ aged general public, Finland, 2012 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.420
SD
= 1.630
Helliwell et al. (2020): study NZ 2015 15+ aged general public, New Zealand, 2015 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.420
SD
= 1.500
Helliwell et al. (2020): study NO 2006 15+ aged general public, Norway, 2006 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.420
SD
= 1.750
Latin American Public Opinion Project (2010): study PA 2008 18+ aged, general public, Panama, 2008 N = 1536
Mean
= 7.411
SD
= 2.061
Gallup (2008a): study CA 2006 15+ aged, general public, Canada, 2006 N = 1352
Mean
= 7.410
SD
= 1.630
Gallup (2008a): study NO 2006 15+ aged, general public, Norway, 2006 N = 997
Mean
= 7.410
SD
= 1.740
Helliwell et al. (2020): study CA 2017 15+ aged general public, Canada, 2017 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.410
SD
= 1.600
Helliwell et al. (2020): study AU 2011 15+ aged general public, Australia, 2011 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.410
SD
= 1.780
Helliwell et al. (2020): study CA 2015 15+ aged general public, Canada, 2015 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.410
SD
= 1.610
Helliwell et al. (2020): study NL 2013 15+ aged general public, Netherlands, 2013 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.410
SD
= 1.340
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study CA 2015 15+ aged, general public, Canada, 2015 N = 1009
Mean
= 7.400
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study FI 2015 15+ aged, general public, Finland, 2015 N = 999
Mean
= 7.400
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study NZ 2015 15+ aged, general public, New Zealand, 2015 N = 1007
Mean
= 7.400
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study CA 2012 15+ aged, general public, Canada, 2012 N = 1002
Mean
= 7.400
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study AU 2013 15+ aged, general public, Australia, 2013 N = 1002
Mean
= 7.400
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study AU 2011 15+ aged, general public, Australia, 2011 N = 1010
Mean
= 7.400
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study CA 2011 /1 15+ aged, general public, Canada, 2011 N = 867
Mean
= 7.400
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study CA 2006 15+ aged, general public, Canada, 2006 N = 1355
Mean
= 7.400
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study CR 2007 15+ aged, general public, Costa Rica, 2007 N = 1002
Mean
= 7.400
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study AT 2012 15+ aged, general public, Austria, 2012 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.400
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study FI 2010 15+ aged, general public, Finland, 2010 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.400
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study FI 2011 15+ aged, general public, Finland, 2011 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.400
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study FI 2012 15+ aged, general public, Finland, 2012 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.400
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study FI 2013 15+ aged, general public, Finland, 2013 N = 750
Mean
= 7.400
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study FI 2014 15+ aged, general public, Finland, 2014 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.400
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study IL 2009 15+ aged, general public, Israel, 2009 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.400
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study IL 2010 15+ aged, general public, Israel, 2010 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.400
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study IL 2011 15+ aged, general public, Israel, 2011 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.400
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study IL 2014 15+ aged, general public, Israel, 2014 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.400
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study MX 2013 15+ aged, general public, Mexico, 2013 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.400
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study NL 2013 15+ aged, general public, Netherlands, 2013 N = 751
Mean
= 7.400
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study NZ 2008 15+ aged, general public, New Zealand, 2008 N = 750
Mean
= 7.400
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study NO 2006 15+ aged, general public, Norway, 2006 N = 1001
Mean
= 7.400
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study NO 2014 15+ aged, general public, Norway, 2014 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.400
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study SE 2006 15+ aged, general public, Sweden, 2006 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.400
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study SE 2011 15+ aged, general public, Sweden, 2011 N = 1006
Mean
= 7.400
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study SE 2013 15+ aged, general public, Sweden, 2013 N = 750
Mean
= 7.400
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study SE 2016 15+ aged, general public, Sweden, 2016 N = 986
Mean
= 7.400
Helliwell et al. (2020): study AT 2018 15+ aged general public, Austria, 2018 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.400
SD
= 1.550
Helliwell et al. (2020): study AT 2012 15+ aged general public, Austria, 2012 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.400
SD
= 1.720
Helliwell et al. (2020): study IL 2014 15+ aged general public, Israel, 2014 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.400
SD
= 1.580
Helliwell et al. (2020): study LU 2019 15+ aged general public, Luxembourg, 2019 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.400
SD
= 1.280
Helliwell et al. (2020): study SE 2019 15+ aged general public, Sweden, 2019 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.400
SD
= 1.600
Graham & Nikolova (2013a): study ZZ Australia and New Zealand 2010 15+ aged general public, Australia and New Zealand, 2010- 2012 N = 6000
Mean
= 7.390
SD
= 1.750
Helliwell et al. (2020): study FI 2010 15+ aged general public, Finland, 2010 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.390
SD
= 1.670
Gallup (2008a): study SE 2006 15+ aged, general public, Sweden, 2006 N = 985
Mean
= 7.380
SD
= 1.620
Gallup (2008a): study NZ 2008 15+ aged, general public, New Zealand, 2008 N = 744
Mean
= 7.380
SD
= 1.650
Gallup (2009a): study SE 2011 15+ aged, general public, Sweden, 2011 N = 992
Mean
= 7.380
SD
= 1.580
Helliwell et al. (2020): study FI 2014 15+ aged general public, Finland, 2014 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.380
SD
= 1.610
Helliwell et al. (2020): study NZ 2008 15+ aged general public, New Zealand, 2008 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.380
SD
= 1.660
Helliwell et al. (2020): study SE 2005 15+ aged general public, Sweden, 2005 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.380
SD
= 1.620
Helliwell et al. (2020): study SE 2011 15+ aged general public, Sweden, 2011 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.380
SD
= 1.580
Helliwell et al. (2020): study NZ 2018 15+ aged general public, New Zealand, 2018 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.370
SD
= 1.570
Helliwell et al. (2020): study SE 2016 15+ aged general public, Sweden, 2016 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.370
SD
= 1.630
Helliwell et al. (2020): study SE 2018 15+ aged general public, Sweden, 2018 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.370
SD
= 1.600
Helliwell et al. (2020): study AU 2013 15+ aged general public, Australia, 2013 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.360
SD
= 1.740
Helliwell et al. (2020): study IL 2010 15+ aged general public, Israel, 2010 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.360
SD
= 1.590
Gallup (2009a): study FI 2011 15+ aged, general public, Finland, 2011 N = 994
Mean
= 7.350
SD
= 1.610
Helliwell et al. (2020): study FI 2011 15+ aged general public, Finland, 2011 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.350
SD
= 1.610
Helliwell et al. (2020): study IL 2009 15+ aged general public, Israel, 2009 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.350
SD
= 1.750
Gallup (2008a): study AU 2006 15+ aged, general public, Australia, 2006 N = 999
Mean
= 7.340
SD
= 1.520
Gallup World View (2012): study AT 2010 15+ aged, general public, Austria, 2010 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.340
SD
= 1.770
Helliwell et al. (2020): study AU 2005 15+ aged general public, Australia, 2005 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.340
SD
= 1.530
Pew Research Center (2002): study GT 2002 18+ aged, general public, Guatemala, 2002 N = 500
Mean
= 7.333
SD
= 1.908
Helliwell et al. (2020): study IL 2017 15+ aged general public, Israel, 2017 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.330
SD
= 1.520
Helliwell et al. (2020): study NZ 2017 15+ aged general public, New Zealand, 2017 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.330
SD
= 1.650
Latin American Public Opinion Project (2010): study PA 2010 18+ aged, general public, Panama, 2010 N = 998
Mean
= 7.320
SD
= 1.990
Gallup World View (2012): study MX 2012 /1 15+ aged general public Mexico, 2012 N = 1977
Mean
= 7.320
SD
= 2.070
Helliwell et al. (2020): study IL 2013 15+ aged general public, Israel, 2013 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.320
SD
= 1.610
Helliwell et al. (2020): study MX 2012 15+ aged general public, Mexico, 2012 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.320
SD
= 2.070
Helliwell et al. (2020): study NL 2014 15+ aged general public, Netherlands, 2014 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.320
SD
= 1.410
Helliwell et al. (2020): study NL 2015 15+ aged general public, Netherlands, 2015 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.320
SD
= 1.450
Helliwell et al. (2020): study PA 2010 15+ aged general public, Panama, 2010 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.320
SD
= 2.000
Farhat et al. (2011): study US 2005 Tenth-graders, USA, 2006 N = 1465
Mean
= 7.320
Helliwell et al. (2021): study SE 2020 15+ aged general public, Sweden 2020 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.314
Helliwell et al. (2021): study DE 2020 15+ aged general public, Germany 2020 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.312
Helliwell et al. (2020): study AU 2015 15+ aged general public, Australia, 2015 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.310
SD
= 1.690
Helliwell et al. (2020): study NZ 2006 15+ aged general public, New Zealand, 2006 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.310
SD
= 1.740
Helliwell et al. (2020): study NZ 2014 15+ aged general public, New Zealand, 2014 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.310
SD
= 1.680
Gallup (2008a): study NZ 2006 15+ aged, general public, New Zealand, 2006 N = 1024
Mean
= 7.300
SD
= 1.740
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study AU 2015 15+ aged, general public, Australia, 2015 N = 998
Mean
= 7.300
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study NL 2015 15+ aged, general public, Netherlands, 2015 N = 1002
Mean
= 7.300
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study SE 2015 15+ aged, general public, Sweden, 2015 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.300
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study AU 2014 15+ aged, general public, Australia, 2014 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.300
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study AU 2008 15+ aged, general public, Australia, 2008 N = 1005
Mean
= 7.300
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study AU 2007 15+ aged, general public, Australia, 2007 N = 1205
Mean
= 7.300
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study AU 2006 15+ aged, general public, Australia, 2006 N = 1001
Mean
= 7.300
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study AT 2010 15+ aged, general public, Austria, 2010 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.300
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study AT 2009 15+ aged, general public, Austria, 2009 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.300
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study BE 2006 15+ aged, general public, Belgium, 2006 N = 1003
Mean
= 7.300
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study CA 2014 /1 15+ aged, general public, Canada, 2014 N = 1021
Mean
= 7.300
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study CR 2010 15+ aged, general public, Costa Rica, 2010 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.300
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study CR 2012 /1 15+ aged, general public, Costa Rica, 2012 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.300
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study IE 2010 15+ aged, general public, Ireland, 2010 N = 1001
Mean
= 7.300
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study IL 2008 15+ aged, general public, Israel, 2008 N = 1001
Mean
= 7.300
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study IL 2013 15+ aged, general public, Israel, 2013 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.300
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study MX 2012 15+ aged, general public, Mexico, 2012 N = 2000
Mean
= 7.300
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study NL 2014 15+ aged, general public, Netherlands, 2014 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.300
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study NZ 2006 15+ aged, general public, New Zealand, 2006 N = 1028
Mean
= 7.300
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study NZ 2013 15+ aged, general public, New Zealand, 2013 N = 500
Mean
= 7.300
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study NZ 2014 15+ aged, general public, New Zealand, 2014 N = 1001
Mean
= 7.300
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study PA 2010 15+ aged, general public, Panama, 2010 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.300
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study SA 2007 15+ aged, general public, Saudi Arabia, 2007 N = 1006
Mean
= 7.300
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study ES 2008 15+ aged, general public, Spain, 2008 N = 1009
Mean
= 7.300
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study SE 2009 15+ aged, general public, Sweden, 2009 N = 1002
Mean
= 7.300
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study US 2008 15+ aged, general public, United States, 2008 N = 1004
Mean
= 7.300
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study AU 2016 15+ aged, general public, Australia, 2016 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.300
Helliwell et al. (2020): study AT 2010 15+ aged general public, Austria, 2010 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.300
SD
= 1.750
Helliwell et al. (2020): study CA 2014 15+ aged general public, Canada, 2014 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.300
SD
= 1.760
Gallup (2009a): study ZZ North America 2011 15+ aged, general public, North America, 2011 N = 6000
Mean
= 7.293
SD
= 1.893
Gallup (2008a): study ES 2008 15+ aged, general public, Spain, 2008 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.290
SD
= 1.790
Helliwell et al. (2020): study AT 2017 15+ aged general public, Austria, 2017 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.290
SD
= 1.560
Helliwell et al. (2020): study AU 2007 15+ aged general public, Australia, 2007 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.290
SD
= 1.760
Helliwell et al. (2020): study AU 2014 15+ aged general public, Australia, 2014 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.290
SD
= 1.800
Helliwell et al. (2021): study NO 2020 15+ aged general public, Norway 2020 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.290
Helliwell et al. (2020): study ES 2008 15+ aged general public, Spain, 2008 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.290
SD
= 1.790
Helliwell et al. (2020): study SE 2015 15+ aged general public, Sweden, 2015 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.290
SD
= 1.630
Helliwell et al. (2020): study SE 2017 15+ aged general public, Sweden, 2017 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.290
SD
= 1.780
Gallup (2008a): study US 2008 15+ aged, general public, United States, 2008 N = 1002
Mean
= 7.280
SD
= 1.770
Gallup World View (2012): study NZ 2013 15+ aged general public New Zealand, 2013 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.280
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study CA 2014 15+ aged general population,Canada, 2014 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.280
Helliwell et al. (2020): study NZ 2013 15+ aged general public, New Zealand, 2013 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.280
SD
= 1.660
Helliwell et al. (2020): study US 2008 15+ aged general public, United States of America, 2008 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.280
SD
= 1.780
Latin American Public Opinion Project (2010): study CR 2010 18+ aged, general public, Costa Rica, 2010 N = 1001
Mean
= 7.270
SD
= 1.940
Helliwell et al. (2020): study CR 2010 15+ aged general public, Costa Rica, 2010 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.270
SD
= 1.940
Helliwell et al. (2020): study CR 2012 15+ aged general public, Costa Rica, 2012 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.270
SD
= 2.140
Helliwell et al. (2020): study SA 2007 15+ aged general public, Saudi Arabia, 2007 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.270
SD
= 1.630
Helliwell et al. (2020): study SE 2009 15+ aged general public, Sweden, 2009 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.270
SD
= 1.670
Gallup (2008a): study BE 2006 15+ aged, general public, Belgium, 2006 N = 989
Mean
= 7.260
SD
= 1.490
Helliwell et al. (2020): study AU 2017 15+ aged general public, Australia, 2017 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.260
SD
= 1.750
Helliwell et al. (2020): study BE 2005 15+ aged general public, Belgium, 2005 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.260
SD
= 1.500
Helliwell et al. (2020): study IE 2010 15+ aged general public, Ireland, 2010 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.260
SD
= 1.910
Helliwell et al. (2020): study IL 2008 15+ aged general public, Israel, 2008 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.260
SD
= 1.900
Helliwell et al. (2021): study NZ 2020 15+ aged general public, New Zealand 2020 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.257
Gallup (2008a): study AU 2008 15+ aged, general public, Australia, 2008 N = 1005
Mean
= 7.250
SD
= 1.680
Helliwell et al. (2020): study AU 2008 15+ aged general public, Australia, 2008 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.250
SD
= 1.690
Helliwell et al. (2020): study AU 2016 15+ aged general public, Australia, 2016 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.250
SD
= 1.700
Helliwell et al. (2020): study CR 2014 15+ aged general public, Costa Rica, 2014 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.250
SD
= 2.190
Helliwell et al. (2020): study IE 2019 15+ aged general public, Ireland, 2019 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.250
SD
= 1.680
Helliwell et al. (2020): study NZ 2012 15+ aged general public, New Zealand, 2012 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.250
SD
= 1.720
Helliwell et al. (2020): study PA 2011 15+ aged general public, Panama, 2011 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.250
SD
= 2.130
Helliwell et al. (2020): study US 2013 15+ aged general public, United States of America, 2013 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.250
SD
= 1.940
Gallup (2009a): study PA 2011 15+ aged, general public, Panama, 2011 N = 997
Mean
= 7.240
SD
= 2.120
Helliwell et al. (2020): study CA 2016 15+ aged general public, Canada, 2016 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.240
SD
= 1.780
Helliwell et al. (2020): study LU 2018 15+ aged general public, Luxembourg, 2018 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.240
SD
= 1.340
Helliwell et al. (2020): study SE 2007 15+ aged general public, Sweden, 2007 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.240
SD
= 1.680
Helliwell et al. (2020): study SE 2014 15+ aged general public, Sweden, 2014 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.240
SD
= 1.570
Helliwell et al. (2020): study CR 2017 15+ aged general public, Costa Rica, 2017 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.230
SD
= 2.080
Helliwell et al. (2020): study AU 2019 15+ aged general public, Australia, 2019 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.230
SD
= 1.700
Helliwell et al. (2020): study CR 2011 15+ aged general public, Costa Rica, 2011 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.230
SD
= 2.200
Helliwell et al. (2020): study NZ 2016 15+ aged general public, New Zealand, 2016 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.230
SD
= 1.740
Helliwell et al. (2020): study GB 2018 15+ aged general public, United Kingdom, 2018 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.230
SD
= 1.700
Gallup (2009a): study CR 2011 15+ aged, general public, Costa Rica, 2011 N = 992
Mean
= 7.220
SD
= 2.200
Gallup (2009a): study NZ 2010 15+ aged, general public, New Zealand, 2011 N = 747
Mean
= 7.220
SD
= 1.680
Helliwell et al. (2020): study BE 2007 15+ aged general public, Belgium, 2007 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.220
SD
= 1.470
Helliwell et al. (2020): study NZ 2010 15+ aged general public, New Zealand, 2010 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.220
SD
= 1.690
Helliwell et al. (2020): study AE 2012 15+ aged general public, United Arab Emirates, 2012 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.220
SD
= 1.700
Helliwell et al. (2021): study AT 2020 15+ aged general public, Austria 2020 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.213
Gallup World View (2012): study AE 2012 15+ aged general public United Arab Emirates, 2012 N = 2010
Mean
= 7.210
SD
= 1.690
Helliwell et al. (2020): study NZ 2019 15+ aged general public, New Zealand, 2019 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.210
SD
= 1.790
Gallup World View (2012): study NZ 2012 15+ aged, general public, New Zealand, 2012 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.200
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study AT 2008 15+ aged, general public, Austria, 2008 N = 1001
Mean
= 7.200
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study BE 2007 15+ aged, general public, Belgium, 2007 N = 1022
Mean
= 7.200
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study CR 2014 15+ aged, general public, Costa Rica, 2014 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.200
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study CR 2013 15+ aged, general public, Costa Rica, 2013 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.200
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study CR 2011 15+ aged, general public, Costa Rica, 2011 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.200
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study IL 2006 15+ aged, general public, Israel, 2006 N = 1002
Mean
= 7.200
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study NZ 2010 15+ aged, general public, New Zealand, 2010 N = 750
Mean
= 7.200
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study NZ 2011 15+ aged, general public, New Zealand, 2011 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.200
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study NZ 2012 15+ aged, general public, New Zealand, 2012 N = 1008
Mean
= 7.200
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study PA 2011 15+ aged, general public, Panama, 2011 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.200
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study ES 2006 15+ aged, general public, Spain, 2006 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.200
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study SE 2007 15+ aged, general public, Sweden, 2007 N = 1001
Mean
= 7.200
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study SE 2014 15+ aged, general public, Sweden, 2014 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.200
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study AE 2012 15+ aged, general public, United Arab Emirates, 2012 N = 2016
Mean
= 7.200
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study US 2006 15+ aged, general public, United States, 2006 N = 1001
Mean
= 7.200
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study US 2009 15+ aged, general public, United States, 2009 N = 1003
Mean
= 7.200
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study US 2010 15+ aged, general public, United States, 2010 N = 1005
Mean
= 7.200
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study US 2013 15+ aged, general public, United States, 2013 N = 1005
Mean
= 7.200
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study US 2014 15+ aged, general public, United States, 2014 N = 1027
Mean
= 7.200
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study VE 2006 15+ aged, general public, Venezuela, 2006 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.200
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study VE 2009 15+ aged, general public, Venezuela, 2009 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.200
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study CA 2016 15+ aged, general public, Canada, 2016 N = 1012
Mean
= 7.200
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study IL 2016 15+ aged, general public, Israel, 2016 N = 995
Mean
= 7.200
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study NZ 2016 15+ aged, general public, New Zealand, 2016 N = 1003
Mean
= 7.200
Helliwell et al. (2020): study AU 2012 15+ aged general public, Australia, 2012 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.200
SD
= 1.760
Helliwell et al. (2020): study AT 2019 15+ aged general public, Austria, 2019 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.200
SD
= 1.550
Helliwell et al. (2021): study IL 2020 15+ aged general public, Israel 2020 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.195
Gallup World View (2012): study AU 2012 15+ aged general public Australia, 2012 N = 998
Mean
= 7.190
SD
= 1.760
Helliwell et al. (2020): study NZ 2011 15+ aged general public, New Zealand, 2011 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.190
SD
= 1.710
Helliwell et al. (2020): study VE 2009 15+ aged general public, Venezuela, 2009 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.190
SD
= 2.080
Gallup (2008a): study US 2006 15+ aged, general public, United States, 2006 N = 995
Mean
= 7.180
SD
= 1.870
Gallup (2008a): study AT 2008 15+ aged, general public, Austria, 2008 N = 998
Mean
= 7.180
SD
= 1.690
Helliwell et al. (2020): study AU 2018 15+ aged general public, Australia, 2018 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.180
SD
= 1.750
Helliwell et al. (2020): study CA 2018 15+ aged general public, Canada, 2018 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.180
SD
= 1.760
Helliwell et al. (2020): study AT 2008 15+ aged general public, Austria, 2008 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.180
SD
= 1.690
Helliwell et al. (2020): study US 2006 15+ aged general public, United States of America, 2006 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.180
SD
= 1.870
Helliwell et al. (2020): study IL 2006 15+ aged general public, Israel, 2006 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.170
SD
= 1.850
Helliwell et al. (2020): study VE 2005 15+ aged general public, Venezuela, 2005 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.170
SD
= 2.530
Gallup (2008a): study IL 2006 15+ aged, general public, Israel, 2006 N = 998
Mean
= 7.160
SD
= 1.850
Gallup (2008a): study VE 2006 /1 15+ aged, general public, Venezuela, 2006 N = 992
Mean
= 7.160
SD
= 2.530
Gallup (2009a): study US 2010 15+ aged, general public, United States, 2011 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.160
SD
= 2.180
Helliwell et al. (2020): study CR 2013 15+ aged general public, Costa Rica, 2013 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.160
SD
= 2.030
Helliwell et al. (2020): study IL 2016 15+ aged general public, Israel, 2016 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.160
SD
= 1.670
Helliwell et al. (2020): study GB 2019 15+ aged general public, United Kingdom, 2019 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.160
SD
= 1.630
Helliwell et al. (2020): study US 2009 15+ aged general public, United States of America, 2009 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.160
SD
= 2.020
Helliwell et al. (2020): study US 2010 15+ aged general public, United States of America, 2010 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.160
SD
= 2.180
Gallup (2008a): study ES 2006 15+ aged, general public, Spain, 2006 N = 960
Mean
= 7.150
SD
= 1.720
Helliwell et al. (2020): study ES 2005 15+ aged general public, Spain, 2005 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.150
SD
= 1.720
Helliwell et al. (2020): study US 2014 15+ aged general public, United States of America, 2014 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.150
SD
= 2.070
Gallup (2008a): study IE 2006 15+ aged, general public, Ireland, 2006 N = 977
Mean
= 7.140
SD
= 1.820
Helliwell et al. (2020): study CR 2018 15+ aged general public, Costa Rica, 2018 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.140
SD
= 2.150
Helliwell et al. (2020): study BR 2013 15+ aged general public, Brazil, 2013 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.140
SD
= 2.190
Helliwell et al. (2020): study CR 2016 15+ aged general public, Costa Rica, 2016 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.140
SD
= 2.140
Helliwell et al. (2020): study IE 2006 15+ aged general public, Ireland, 2006 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.140
SD
= 1.820
Helliwell et al. (2021): study AU 2020 15+ aged general public, Australia 2020 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.137
Helliwell et al. (2020): study LU 2013 15+ aged general public, Luxembourg, 2013 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.130
SD
= 1.340
Gallup (2008a): study AT 2006 15+ aged, general public, Austria, 2006 N = 995
Mean
= 7.120
SD
= 1.760
Helliwell et al. (2020): study DE 2018 15+ aged general public, Germany, 2018 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.120
SD
= 1.620
Helliwell et al. (2020): study AT 2006 15+ aged general public, Austria, 2006 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.120
SD
= 1.760
Helliwell et al. (2020): study BE 2008 15+ aged general public, Belgium, 2008 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.120
SD
= 1.530
Helliwell et al. (2020): study AE 2011 15+ aged general public, United Arab Emirates, 2011 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.120
SD
= 1.670
Helliwell et al. (2020): study US 2011 15+ aged general public, United States of America, 2011 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.120
SD
= 1.950
Latin American Public Opinion Project (2010): study MX 2008 18+ aged, general public, Mexico, 2008 N = 1560
Mean
= 7.118
SD
= 1.998
Gallup (2008a): study BE 2008 15+ aged, general public, Belgium, 2008 N = 988
Mean
= 7.110
SD
= 1.520
Gallup World View (2012): study IL 2012 15+ aged general public Isreal, 2012 N = 993
Mean
= 7.110
SD
= 1.740
Helliwell et al. (2020): study BE 2011 15+ aged general public, Belgium, 2011 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.110
SD
= 1.630
Helliwell et al. (2020): study CA 2019 15+ aged general public, Canada, 2019 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.110
SD
= 1.780
Helliwell et al. (2020): study IL 2012 15+ aged general public, Israel, 2012 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.110
SD
= 1.740
Gallup (2009a): study LU 2011 15+ aged, general public, Luxembourg, 2011 N = 993
Mean
= 7.100
SD
= 1.560
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study AT 2015 15+ aged, general public, Austria, 2015 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.100
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study IL 2015 15+ aged, general public, Israel, 2015 N = 997
Mean
= 7.100
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study AT 2006 15+ aged, general public, Austria, 2006 N = 1004
Mean
= 7.100
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study BE 2013 15+ aged, general public, Belgium, 2013 N = 1006
Mean
= 7.100
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study BE 2011 15+ aged, general public, Belgium, 2011 N = 1002
Mean
= 7.100
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study BE 2008 15+ aged, general public, Belgium, 2008 N = 1002
Mean
= 7.100
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study BR 2013 15+ aged, general public, Brazil, 2013 N = 1003
Mean
= 7.100
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study CR 2006 /1 15+ aged, general public, Costa Rica, 2006 N = 1002
Mean
= 7.100
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study FR 2006 15+ aged, general public, France, 2006 N = 1002
Mean
= 7.100
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study IE 2006 15+ aged, general public, Ireland, 2006 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.100
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study IL 2012 15+ aged, general public, Israel, 2012 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.100
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study LU 2010 15+ aged, general public, Luxembourg, 2010 N = 1002
Mean
= 7.100
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study LU 2011 15+ aged, general public, Luxembourg, 2011 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.100
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study LU 2013 15+ aged, general public, Luxembourg, 2013 N = 500
Mean
= 7.100
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study SA 2006 15+ aged, general public, Saudi Arabia, 2006 N = 1004
Mean
= 7.100
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study SG 2014 15+ aged, general public, Singapore, 2014 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.100
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study AE 2010 15+ aged, general public, United Arab Emirates, 2010 N = 1037
Mean
= 7.100
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study AE 2011 15+ aged, general public, United Arab Emirates, 2011 N = 2036
Mean
= 7.100
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study US 2011 15+ aged, general public, United States, 2011 N = 872
Mean
= 7.100
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study VE 2012 15+ aged, general public, Venezuela, 2012 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.100
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study CR 2016 15+ aged, general public, Costa Rica, 2016 N = 984
Mean
= 7.100
Helliwell et al. (2020): study BE 2013 15+ aged general public, Belgium, 2013 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.100
SD
= 1.500
Helliwell et al. (2020): study LU 2010 15+ aged general public, Luxembourg, 2010 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.100
SD
= 1.680
Helliwell et al. (2020): study LU 2011 15+ aged general public, Luxembourg, 2011 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.100
SD
= 1.570
Helliwell et al. (2020): study AE 2010 15+ aged general public, United Arab Emirates, 2010 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.100
SD
= 1.900
Helliwell et al. (2020): study GB 2017 15+ aged general public, United Kingdom, 2017 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.100
SD
= 1.620
Helliwell et al. (2020): study FR 2005 15+ aged general public, France, 2005 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.090
SD
= 1.610
Latin American Public Opinion Project (2010): study HN 2008 18+ aged, general public, Honduras, 2008 N = 1522
Mean
= 7.085
SD
= 2.296
Gallup (2008a): study CR 2006 15+ aged, general public, Costa Rica, 2006 N = 980
Mean
= 7.080
SD
= 2.080
Helliwell et al. (2020): study AT 2015 15+ aged general public, Austria, 2015 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.080
SD
= 1.760
Helliwell et al. (2020): study CR 2006 15+ aged general public, Costa Rica, 2006 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.080
SD
= 2.090
Helliwell et al. (2020): study IL 2015 15+ aged general public, Israel, 2015 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.080
SD
= 1.780
Helliwell et al. (2020): study SA 2005 15+ aged general public, Saudi Arabia, 2005 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.080
SD
= 1.820
Helliwell et al. (2020): study DE 2017 15+ aged general public, Germany, 2017 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.070
SD
= 1.440
Helliwell et al. (2020): study VE 2012 15+ aged general public, Venezuela, 2012 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.070
SD
= 2.330
Pew Research Center (2007): study SE 2007 18+ aged, general public, Sweden, 2007 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.063
SD
= 1.655
Gallup (2008a): study SA 2006 15+ aged, general public, Saudi Arabia, 2006 N = 994
Mean
= 7.060
SD
= 1.830
Gallup World View (2012): study VE 2012 15+ aged general public Venezuela, 2012 N = 987
Mean
= 7.060
SD
= 2.320
Helliwell et al. (2020): study IE 2017 15+ aged general public, Ireland, 2017 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.060
SD
= 1.760
Helliwell et al. (2020): study LU 2017 15+ aged general public, Luxembourg, 2017 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.060
SD
= 1.420
Helliwell et al. (2020): study SG 2014 15+ aged general public, Singapore, 2014 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.060
SD
= 1.430
Latin American Public Opinion Project (2010): study BR 2010 18+ aged, general public, Brazil, 2010 N = 2482
Mean
= 7.053
SD
= 1.986
Helliwell et al. (2020): study AT 2016 15+ aged general public, Austria, 2016 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.050
SD
= 1.700
Helliwell et al. (2020): study IE 2009 15+ aged general public, Ireland, 2009 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.050
SD
= 1.810
Helliwell et al. (2020): study BR 2011 15+ aged general public, Brazil, 2011 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.040
SD
= 2.040
Helliwell et al. (2020): study DE 2015 15+ aged general public, Germany, 2015 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.040
SD
= 1.650
Helliwell et al. (2020): study DE 2019 15+ aged general public, Germany, 2019 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.040
SD
= 1.770
Helliwell et al. (2020): study IE 2016 15+ aged general public, Ireland, 2016 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.040
SD
= 1.840
Helliwell et al. (2020): study AE 2017 15+ aged general public, United Arab Emirates, 2017 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.040
SD
= 2.030
Helliwell et al. (2021): study IE 2020 15+ aged general public, Ireland 2020 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.035
Gallup World View (2012): study BR 2011 /1 15+ aged, general public, Brazil, 2011 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.030
SD
= 2.030
Helliwell et al. (2020): study CZ 2018 15+ aged general public, Czech Republic, 2018 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.030
SD
= 1.670
Helliwell et al. (2020): study PA 2009 15+ aged general public, Panama, 2009 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.030
SD
= 2.190
Helliwell et al. (2020): study GB 2010 15+ aged general public, United Kingdom, 2010 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.030
SD
= 1.850
Helliwell et al. (2020): study US 2012 15+ aged general public, United States of America, 2012 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.030
SD
= 2.160
Helliwell et al. (2021): study US 2020 15+ aged general public, United States 2020 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.028
Helliwell et al. (2021): study CA 2020 15+ aged general public, Canada 2020 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.025
Pew Research Center (2007): study US 2007 18+ aged, general public, United States, 2007 N = 2026
Mean
= 7.022
SD
= 1.930
Helliwell et al. (2020): study IE 2014 15+ aged general public, Ireland, 2014 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.020
SD
= 1.670
Gallup (2008a): study FR 2006 15+ aged, general public, France, 2006 N = 985
Mean
= 7.010
SD
= 1.610
Helliwell et al. (2020): study FR 2008 15+ aged general public, France, 2008 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.010
SD
= 1.590
Helliwell et al. (2020): study IE 2011 15+ aged general public, Ireland, 2011 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.010
SD
= 1.890
Pew Research Center (2002): study CA 2002 18+ aged, general public, Canada, 2002 N = 500
Mean
= 7.003
SD
= 1.721
Gallup (2008a): study FR 2008 15+ aged, general public, France, 2008 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.000
SD
= 1.590
Gallup (2009a): study IE 2011 15+ aged, general public, Ireland, 2011 N = 994
Mean
= 7.000
SD
= 1.880
Gallup World View (2012): study US 2012 15+ aged, general public, USA N = 1000
Mean
= 7.000
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study DE 2015 15+ aged, general public, Germany, 2015 N = 999
Mean
= 7.000
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study PR 2014 15+ aged, general public, Puerto Rico, 2014 N = 500
Mean
= 7.000
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study BR 2014 15+ aged, general public, Brazil, 2014 N = 1007
Mean
= 7.000
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study BR 2011 15+ aged, general public, Brazil, 2011 N = 1042
Mean
= 7.000
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study BR 2009 15+ aged, general public, Brazil, 2009 N = 1032
Mean
= 7.000
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study FR 2008 15+ aged, general public, Finland, 2008 N = 1006
Mean
= 7.000
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study FR 2011 15+ aged, general public, France, 2011 N = 1001
Mean
= 7.000
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study DE 2013 15+ aged, general public, Germany, 2013 N = 751
Mean
= 7.000
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study DE 2014 15+ aged, general public, Germany, 2014 N = 1002
Mean
= 7.000
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study IE 2009 15+ aged, general public, Ireland, 2009 N = 500
Mean
= 7.000
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study IE 2011 15+ aged, general public, Ireland, 2011 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.000
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study IE 2012 15+ aged, general public, Ireland, 2012 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.000
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study IE 2014 15+ aged, general public, Ireland, 2014 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.000
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study LU 2008 15+ aged, general public, Luxembourg, 2008 N = 500
Mean
= 7.000
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study LU 2012 15+ aged, general public, Luxembourg, 2012 N = 1001
Mean
= 7.000
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study MX 2009 15+ aged, general public, Mexico, 2009 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.000
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study PA 2009 15+ aged, general public, Panama, 2009 N = 1018
Mean
= 7.000
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study PR 2014 /1 15+ aged, general public, Puerto Rico, 2014 N = 500
Mean
= 7.000
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study ES 2007 15+ aged, general public, Spain, 2007 N = 1004
Mean
= 7.000
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study TH 2014 15+ aged, general public, Thailand, 2014 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.000
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study GB 2006 15+ aged, general public, United Kingdom, 2006 N = 1037
Mean
= 7.000
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study GB 2008 15+ aged, general public, United Kingdom, 2008 N = 1001
Mean
= 7.000
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study GB 2010 15+ aged, general public, United Kingdom, 2010 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.000
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study US 2012 15+ aged, general public, United States, 2012 N = 1019
Mean
= 7.000
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study AT 2016 15+ aged, general public, Austria, 2016 N = 999
Mean
= 7.000
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study IE 2016 15+ aged, general public, Ireland, 2016 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.000
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study LU 2016 15+ aged, general public, Luxembourg, 2016 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.000
Helliwell et al. (2020): study BR 2009 15+ aged general public, Brazil, 2009 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.000
SD
= 2.240
Helliwell et al. (2020): study CR 2019 15+ aged general public, Costa Rica, 2019 N = 1000
Mean
= 7.000
SD
= 2.150
Pew Research Center (2007): study ES 2007 18+ aged, general public, Spain, 2007 N = 994
Mean
= 6.990
SD
= 1.940
Helliwell et al. (2020): study ES 2007 15+ aged general public, Spain, 2007 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.990
SD
= 1.950
Helliwell et al. (2020): study TH 2014 15+ aged general public, Thailand, 2014 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.990
SD
= 2.000
Helliwell et al. (2020): study GB 2008 15+ aged general public, United Kingdom, 2008 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.990
SD
= 1.750
Helliwell et al. (2020): study US 2017 15+ aged general public, United States of America, 2017 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.990
SD
= 1.880
Gallup (2008a): study GB 2008 15+ aged, general public, United Kingdom, 2008 N = 990
Mean
= 6.980
SD
= 1.740
Helliwell et al. (2020): study BR 2014 15+ aged general public, Brazil, 2014 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.980
SD
= 2.110
Helliwell et al. (2020): study DE 2014 15+ aged general public, Germany, 2014 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.980
SD
= 1.660
Helliwell et al. (2020): study GB 2005 15+ aged general public, United Kingdom, 2005 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.980
SD
= 1.640
Gallup (2008a): study GB 2006 15+ aged, general public, United Kingdom, 2006 N = 1032
Mean
= 6.970
SD
= 1.630
Helliwell et al. (2020): study DE 2013 15+ aged general public, Germany, 2013 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.970
SD
= 1.820
Helliwell et al. (2020): study LU 2016 15+ aged general public, Luxembourg, 2016 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.970
SD
= 1.390
Gallup World View (2012): study IE 2012 15+ aged general public Ireland, 2012 N = 997
Mean
= 6.960
SD
= 1.870
Gallup World View (2012): study LU 2012 15+ aged general public Luxembourg, 2012 N = 994
Mean
= 6.960
SD
= 1.780
Helliwell et al. (2020): study IE 2018 15+ aged general public, Ireland, 2018 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.960
SD
= 1.860
Helliwell et al. (2020): study FR 2011 15+ aged general public, France, 2011 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.960
SD
= 1.680
Helliwell et al. (2020): study IE 2012 15+ aged general public, Ireland, 2012 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.960
SD
= 1.870
Helliwell et al. (2020): study LU 2009 15+ aged general public, Luxembourg, 2009 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.960
SD
= 1.610
Helliwell et al. (2020): study LU 2012 15+ aged general public, Luxembourg, 2012 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.960
SD
= 1.780
Helliwell et al. (2020): study MX 2009 15+ aged general public, Mexico, 2009 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.960
SD
= 2.280
Ruprah (2010): study ZZ Latin America 1997 18+ aged, general public, Latin America, 1997-2007 N = 147446
Mean
= 6.950
SD
= 1.600
Helliwell et al. (2020): study AT 2014 15+ aged general public, Austria, 2014 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.950
SD
= 1.840
Helliwell et al. (2020): study BE 2016 15+ aged general public, Belgium, 2016 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.950
SD
= 1.500
Helliwell et al. (2020): study KR 2011 15+ aged general public, Korea (South), 2011 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.950
SD
= 2.060
Helliwell et al. (2020): study BE 2012 15+ aged general public, Belgium, 2012 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.940
SD
= 1.830
Helliwell et al. (2020): study US 2019 15+ aged general public, United States of America, 2019 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.940
SD
= 1.790
Gallup (2008a): study PA 2008 15+ aged, general public, Panama, 2008 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.930
SD
= 2.070
Tay et al. (2017a): study US 2012 18+ aged employed collage graduates with Internet access, USA, 201? N = 2781
Mean
= 6.930
SD
= 1.530
Helliwell et al. (2020): study BE 2017 15+ aged general public, Belgium, 2017 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.930
SD
= 1.510
Helliwell et al. (2020): study IL 2018 15+ aged general public, Israel, 2018 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.930
SD
= 1.730
Helliwell et al. (2020): study PA 2008 15+ aged general public, Panama, 2008 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.930
SD
= 2.080
Helliwell et al. (2020): study GB 2013 15+ aged general public, United Kingdom, 2013 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.920
SD
= 2.050
Pew Research Center (2002): study US 2002 18+ aged, general public, United States, 2002 N = 1501
Mean
= 6.914
SD
= 1.941
Helliwell et al. (2020): study MT 2018 15+ aged general public, Malta, 2018 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.910
SD
= 1.820
Helliwell et al. (2020): study MX 2011 15+ aged general public, Mexico, 2011 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.910
SD
= 2.330
Helliwell et al. (2020): study GB 2009 15+ aged general public, United Kingdom, 2009 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.910
SD
= 1.870
Myers & Liu (2013): study US 2012 Veterans, United States, 2012 N = 48690
Mean
= 6.900
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study BE 2015 15+ aged, general public, Belgium, 2015 N = 1036
Mean
= 6.900
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study CR 2015 15+ aged, general public, Costa Rica, 2015 N = 991
Mean
= 6.900
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study US 2015 15+ aged, general public, United States, 2015 N = 2038
Mean
= 6.900
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study AT 2014 15+ aged, general public, Austria, 2014 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.900
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study BE 2014 15+ aged, general public, Belgium, 2014 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.900
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study BE 2012 15+ aged, general public, Belgium, 2012 N = 1001
Mean
= 6.900
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study BE 2010 15+ aged, general public, Belgium, 2010 N = 1003
Mean
= 6.900
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study BR 2012 15+ aged, general public, Brazil, 2012 N = 2005
Mean
= 6.900
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study CR 2008 /1 15+ aged, general public, Costa Rica, 2008 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.900
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study IS 2008 15+ aged, general public, Iceland, 2008 N = 502
Mean
= 6.900
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study IT 2006 15+ aged, general public, Italy, 2006 N = 1002
Mean
= 6.900
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study KR 2011 15+ aged, general public, Korea (South), 2011 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.900
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study LU 2014 15+ aged, general public, Luxembourg, 2014 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.900
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study MX 2011 15+ aged, general public, Mexico, 2011 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.900
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study OM 2011 15+ aged, general public, Oman, 2011 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.900
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study PA 2007 15+ aged, general public, Panama, 2007 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.900
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study PA 2008 15+ aged, general public, Panama, 2008 N = 1004
Mean
= 6.900
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study PA 2012 15+ aged, general public, Panama, 2012 N = 1001
Mean
= 6.900
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study PA 2013 15+ aged, general public, Panama, 2013 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.900
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study AE 2009 15+ aged, general public, United Arab Emirates, 2009 N = 1013
Mean
= 6.900
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study GB 2009 15+ aged, general public, United Kingdom, 2009 N = 1002
Mean
= 6.900
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study GB 2011 15+ aged, general public, United Kingdom, 2011 N = 9239
Mean
= 6.900
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study GB 2012 15+ aged, general public, United Kingdom, 2012 N = 13408
Mean
= 6.900
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study GB 2013 15+ aged, general public, United Kingdom, 2013 N = 750
Mean
= 6.900
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study BE 2016 15+ aged, general public, Belgium, 2016 N = 997
Mean
= 6.900
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study DE 2016 15+ aged, general public, Germany, 2016 N = 1999
Mean
= 6.900
Helliwell et al. (2020): study BE 2015 15+ aged general public, Belgium, 2015 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.900
SD
= 1.510
Witters & Agrawal (2021): study US 2021 /2 18+ aged, general public, United States, Summer 2021 N = 4820
Mean
= 6.900
Pew Research Center (2007): study VE 2007 18+ aged, general public, Venezuela, 2007 N = 803
Mean
= 6.899
SD
= 1.998
Helliwell et al. (2021): study CZ 2020 15+ aged general public, Czech Republic 2020 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.897
Helliwell et al. (2020): study BE 2018 15+ aged general public, Belgium, 2018 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.890
SD
= 1.550
Helliwell et al. (2020): study IS 2008 15+ aged general public, Iceland, 2008 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.890
SD
= 1.950
Helliwell et al. (2020): study LU 2014 15+ aged general public, Luxembourg, 2014 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.890
SD
= 1.540
Helliwell et al. (2020): study PA 2007 15+ aged general public, Panama, 2007 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.890
SD
= 2.270
Gallup (2009a): study IS 2008 15+ aged, general public, Iceland, 2011 N = 501
Mean
= 6.880
SD
= 1.940
Gallup World View (2012): study GB 2012 15+ aged general public United Kingdom, 2012 N = 13298
Mean
= 6.880
SD
= 1.870
Helliwell et al. (2020): study GB 2012 15+ aged general public, United Kingdom, 2012 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.880
SD
= 1.870
Helliwell et al. (2020): study US 2018 15+ aged general public, United States of America, 2018 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.880
SD
= 2.120
Helliwell et al. (2020): study DE 2016 15+ aged general public, Germany, 2016 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.870
SD
= 1.780
Helliwell et al. (2020): study PA 2013 15+ aged general public, Panama, 2013 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.870
SD
= 2.320
Helliwell et al. (2020): study AE 2009 15+ aged general public, United Arab Emirates, 2009 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.870
SD
= 2.010
Helliwell et al. (2020): study GB 2011 15+ aged general public, United Kingdom, 2011 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.870
SD
= 1.910
Lovo (2014): study ZZ Europe 2008 15+ general public, 25 European countries, 2008-2011 N = 80000
Mean
= 6.870
Helliwell et al. (2020): study BE 2014 15+ aged general public, Belgium, 2014 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.860
SD
= 1.680
Helliwell et al. (2020): study PA 2012 15+ aged general public, Panama, 2012 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.860
SD
= 2.300
Helliwell et al. (2020): study US 2015 15+ aged general public, United States of America, 2015 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.860
SD
= 1.950
Gallup (2008a): study IT 2006 15+ aged, general public, Italy, 2006 N = 989
Mean
= 6.850
SD
= 1.880
Gallup (2008a): study CR 2008 15+ aged, general public, Costa Rica, 2008 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.850
SD
= 1.970
Gallup (2009a): study BE 2010 15+ aged, general public, Belgium, 2011 N = 990
Mean
= 6.850
SD
= 1.600
Gallup (2009a): study OM 2011 15+ aged, general public, Oman, 2011 N = 1998
Mean
= 6.850
SD
= 2.100
Gallup World View (2012): study PA 2012 15+ aged general public Panama 2012 N = 999
Mean
= 6.850
SD
= 2.300
Helliwell et al. (2020): study BE 2010 15+ aged general public, Belgium, 2010 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.850
SD
= 1.600
Helliwell et al. (2020): study CR 2008 15+ aged general public, Costa Rica, 2008 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.850
SD
= 1.980
Helliwell et al. (2020): study CR 2015 15+ aged general public, Costa Rica, 2015 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.850
SD
= 2.260
Helliwell et al. (2020): study IT 2005 15+ aged general public, Italy, 2005 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.850
SD
= 1.880
Helliwell et al. (2020): study OM 2011 15+ aged general public, Oman, 2011 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.850
SD
= 2.100
Helliwell et al. (2020): study QA 2010 15+ aged general public, Qatar, 2010 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.850
SD
= 2.020
Latin American Public Opinion Project (2010): study GT 2008 18+ aged, general public, Guatemala, 2008 N = 1538
Mean
= 6.841
SD
= 2.255
Gallup (2008a): study IL 2007 15+ aged, general public, Israel, 2007 N = 982
Mean
= 6.840
SD
= 2.040
Pew Research Center (2007): study IL 2007 18+ aged, general public, Israel, 2007 N = 982
Mean
= 6.840
SD
= 2.040
Gallup (2009a): study QA 2010 15+ aged, general public, Qatar, 2011 N = 990
Mean
= 6.840
SD
= 2.020
Helliwell et al. (2020): study BR 2010 15+ aged general public, Brazil, 2010 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.840
SD
= 2.260
Helliwell et al. (2020): study CL 2014 15+ aged general public, Chile, 2014 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.840
SD
= 2.060
Helliwell et al. (2020): study SV 2009 15+ aged general public, El Salvador, 2009 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.840
SD
= 1.930
Helliwell et al. (2020): study IL 2007 15+ aged general public, Israel, 2007 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.840
SD
= 2.050
Helliwell et al. (2021): study BE 2020 15+ aged general public, Belgium 2020 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.839
Helliwell et al. (2020): study CY 2009 15+ aged general public, Cyprus, 2009 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.830
SD
= 2.030
Helliwell et al. (2020): study IE 2015 15+ aged general public, Ireland, 2015 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.830
SD
= 1.770
Helliwell et al. (2020): study MX 2008 15+ aged general public, Mexico, 2008 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.830
SD
= 2.090
Helliwell et al. (2020): study SG 2007 15+ aged general public, Singapore, 2007 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.830
SD
= 1.310
Helliwell et al. (2020): study AE 2016 15+ aged general public, United Arab Emirates, 2016 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.830
SD
= 2.150
Pew Research Center (2002): study HN 2002 18+ aged, general public, Honduras, 2002 N = 506
Mean
= 6.828
SD
= 2.124
Gallup (2008a): study MX 2008 15+ aged, general public, Mexico, 2008 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.820
SD
= 2.090
Helliwell et al. (2020): study MX 2016 15+ aged general public, Mexico, 2016 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.820
SD
= 1.960
Helliwell et al. (2020): study GB 2016 15+ aged general public, United Kingdom, 2016 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.820
SD
= 1.630
Gallup (2008a): study SA 2008 15+ aged, general public, Saudi Arabia, 2008 N = 1145
Mean
= 6.810
SD
= 1.340
Helliwell et al. (2020): study SA 2008 15+ aged general public, Saudi Arabia, 2008 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.810
SD
= 1.340
Pew Research Center (2002): study MX 2002 18+ aged, general public, Mexico, 2002 N = 996
Mean
= 6.807
SD
= 2.045
Pew Research Center (2007): study GB 2007 18+ aged, general public, United Kingdom, 2007 N = 1198
Mean
= 6.800
SD
= 1.850
Gallup (2009a): study MX 2010 15+ aged, general public, Mexico, 2011 N = 997
Mean
= 6.800
SD
= 2.140
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study CL 2014 15+ aged, general public, Chile , 2014 N = 1019
Mean
= 6.800
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study IE 2015 15+ aged, general public, Ireland, 2015 N = 997
Mean
= 6.800
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study AR 2011 15+ aged, general public, Argentina, 2011 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.800
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study CL 2014 /1 15+ aged, general public, Chile , 2014 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.800
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study BR 2010 /1 15+ aged, general public, Brazil, 2010 N = 1043
Mean
= 6.800
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study CY 2009 /1 15+ aged, general public, Cyprus, 2009 N = 502
Mean
= 6.800
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study SV 2009 15+ aged, general public, El Salvador, 2009 N = 1006
Mean
= 6.800
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study FR 2010 15+ aged, general public, France, 2010 N = 1004
Mean
= 6.800
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study IE 2013 15+ aged, general public, Ireland, 2013 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.800
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study IL 2007 15+ aged, general public, Israel, 2007 N = 1001
Mean
= 6.800
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study IT 2008 15+ aged, general public, Italy, 2008 N = 1008
Mean
= 6.800
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study KW 2010 15+ aged, general public, Kuwait, 2010 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.800
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study MX 2008 15+ aged, general public, Mexico, 2008 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.800
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study MX 2010 15+ aged, general public, Mexico, 2010 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.800
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study QA 2010 15+ aged, general public, Qatar, 2010 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.800
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study SA 2008 15+ aged, general public, Saudi Arabia, 2008 N = 1150
Mean
= 6.800
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study SG 2007 15+ aged, general public, Singapore, 2007 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.800
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study GB 2007 15+ aged, general public, United Kingdom, 2007 N = 1204
Mean
= 6.800
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study GB 2014 15+ aged, general public, United Kingdom, 2014 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.800
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study MX 2016 15+ aged, general public, Mexico, 2016 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.800
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study AE 2016 15+ aged, general public, United Arab Emirates, 2016 N = 1836
Mean
= 6.800
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study GB 2016 15+ aged, general public, United Kingdom, 2016 N = 998
Mean
= 6.800
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study US 2016 15+ aged, general public, United States of America, 2016 N = 1026
Mean
= 6.800
Helliwell et al. (2020): study FR 2010 15+ aged general public, France, 2010 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.800
SD
= 1.760
Helliwell et al. (2020): study KW 2010 15+ aged general public, Kuwait, 2010 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.800
SD
= 1.480
Helliwell et al. (2020): study MX 2010 15+ aged general public, Mexico, 2010 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.800
SD
= 2.150
Helliwell et al. (2020): study GB 2007 15+ aged general public, United Kingdom, 2007 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.800
SD
= 1.860
Helliwell et al. (2020): study US 2016 15+ aged general public, United States of America, 2016 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.800
SD
= 1.970
Helliwell et al. (2021): study GB 2020 15+ aged general public, United Kingdom 2020 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.798
Gallup (2009a): study FR 2010 15+ aged, general public, France, 2011 N = 998
Mean
= 6.790
SD
= 1.750
Helliwell et al. (2020): study CZ 2017 15+ aged general public, Czech Republic, 2017 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.790
SD
= 1.700
Helliwell et al. (2020): study AR 2011 15+ aged general public, Argentina, 2011 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.780
SD
= 1.990
Helliwell et al. (2020): study IT 2008 15+ aged general public, Italy, 2008 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.780
SD
= 1.950
Gallup (2008a): study IT 2008 15+ aged, general public, Italy, 2008 N = 992
Mean
= 6.770
SD
= 1.940
Gallup (2009a): study AR 2011 15+ aged, general public, Argentina, 2011 N = 998
Mean
= 6.770
SD
= 1.980
Helliwell et al. (2020): study BE 2019 15+ aged general public, Belgium, 2019 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.770
SD
= 1.610
Helliwell et al. (2020): study IE 2013 15+ aged general public, Ireland, 2013 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.760
SD
= 1.980
Helliwell et al. (2020): study GB 2014 15+ aged general public, United Kingdom, 2014 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.760
SD
= 1.880
Helliwell et al. (2021): study TW 2020 15+ aged general public, Taiwan 2020 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.751
DDB lifestyle survey (2000): study US 2005 18+ aged, general public, United States, 2005 N = 2203
Mean
= 6.741
SD
= 2.100
Helliwell et al. (2020): study CL 2013 15+ aged general public, Chile, 2013 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.740
SD
= 2.100
Helliwell et al. (2020): study CZ 2016 15+ aged general public, Czech Republic, 2016 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.740
SD
= 1.680
Helliwell et al. (2020): study SV 2010 15+ aged general public, El Salvador, 2010 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.740
SD
= 2.160
Gallup (2008a): study AE 2006 15+ aged, general public, United Arab Emirates, 2006 N = 1008
Mean
= 6.730
SD
= 1.850
Gallup (2009a): study SV 2010 15+ aged, general public, El Salvador, 2011 N = 993
Mean
= 6.730
SD
= 2.150
Helliwell et al. (2020): study MT 2019 15+ aged general public, Malta, 2019 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.730
SD
= 1.810
Helliwell et al. (2020): study AE 2006 15+ aged general public, United Arab Emirates, 2006 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.730
SD
= 1.850
Helliwell et al. (2020): study DE 2010 15+ aged general public, Germany, 2010 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.720
SD
= 1.860
Helliwell et al. (2021): study FR 2020 15+ aged general public, France 2020 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.714
Helliwell et al. (2020): study AE 2019 15+ aged general public, United Arab Emirates, 2019 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.710
SD
= 2.310
Gallup World View (2012): study DE 2012 15+ aged general public Germany, 2012 N = 13210
Mean
= 6.700
SD
= 1.830
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study AR 2015 15+ aged, general public, Argentina, 2015 N = 998
Mean
= 6.700
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study LU 2015 15+ aged, general public, Luxembourg, 2015 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.700
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study AR 2014 15+ aged, general public, Argentina, 2014 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.700
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study CY 2011 15+ aged, general public, Cyprus, 2011 N = 1005
Mean
= 6.700
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study CZ 2013 15+ aged, general public, Czech Republic, 2013 N = 1001
Mean
= 6.700
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study SV 2010 15+ aged, general public, El Salvador, 2010 N = 1001
Mean
= 6.700
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study FR 2013 15+ aged, general public, France, 2013 N = 751
Mean
= 6.700
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study DE 2009 15+ aged, general public, Germany, 2009 N = 1002
Mean
= 6.700
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study DE 2010 15+ aged, general public, Germany, 2010 N = 1007
Mean
= 6.700
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study DE 2012 15+ aged, general public, Germany, 2012 N = 13269
Mean
= 6.700
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study MX 2014 15+ aged, general public, Mexico, 2014 N = 1017
Mean
= 6.700
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study QA 2012 15+ aged, general public, Qatar, 2012 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.700
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study SA 2011 15+ aged, general public, Saudi Arabia, 2011 N = 2022
Mean
= 6.700
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study TH 2011 15+ aged, general public, Thailand, 2011 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.700
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study TT 2008 15+ aged, general public, Trinidad and Tobago, 2008 N = 502
Mean
= 6.700
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study AE 2006 15+ aged, general public, United Arab Emirates, 2006 N = 1013
Mean
= 6.700
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study CZ 2016 15+ aged, general public, Czech Republic, 2016 N = 997
Mean
= 6.700
Helliwell et al. (2020): study AR 2015 15+ aged general public, Argentina, 2015 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.700
SD
= 1.950
Helliwell et al. (2020): study CZ 2013 15+ aged general public, Czech Republic, 2013 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.700
SD
= 2.000
Helliwell et al. (2020): study DE 2012 15+ aged general public, Germany, 2012 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.700
SD
= 1.830
Helliwell et al. (2020): study LU 2015 15+ aged general public, Luxembourg, 2015 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.700
SD
= 1.510
Helliwell et al. (2020): study SA 2011 15+ aged general public, Saudi Arabia, 2011 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.700
SD
= 2.110
Helliwell et al. (2020): study TT 2008 15+ aged general public, Trinidad and Tobago, 2008 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.700
SD
= 2.020
Latin American Public Opinion Project (2010): study BR 2008 18+ aged, general public, Brazil, 2008 N = 1028
Mean
= 6.690
SD
= 2.260
Helliwell et al. (2020): study BH 2013 15+ aged general public, Bahrain, 2013 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.690
SD
= 1.810
Helliwell et al. (2020): study BR 2008 15+ aged general public, Brazil, 2008 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.690
SD
= 2.270
Helliwell et al. (2020): study CY 2011 15+ aged general public, Cyprus, 2011 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.690
SD
= 2.200
Helliwell et al. (2020): study FR 2019 15+ aged general public, France, 2019 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.690
SD
= 1.680
Witters & Agrawal (2021): study US 2021 18+ aged, general public, United States, spring 2021 N = 4000
Mean
= 6.690
Witters & Agrawal (2021): study US 2021 /1 18+ aged, general public, United States, May 2021 N = 3731
Mean
= 6.690
Helliwell et al. (2020): study MT 2017 15+ aged general public, Malta, 2017 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.680
SD
= 1.990
Helliwell et al. (2020): study MX 2014 15+ aged general public, Mexico, 2014 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.680
SD
= 2.150
Helliwell et al. (2020): study FR 2018 15+ aged general public, France, 2018 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.670
SD
= 1.600
Helliwell et al. (2020): study AR 2014 15+ aged general public, Argentina, 2014 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.670
SD
= 2.130
Helliwell et al. (2020): study FR 2013 15+ aged general public, France, 2013 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.670
SD
= 1.920
Helliwell et al. (2020): study SI 2019 15+ aged general public, Slovenia, 2019 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.670
SD
= 1.890
Helliwell et al. (2020): study BR 2012 15+ aged general public, Brazil, 2012 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.660
SD
= 2.400
Helliwell et al. (2020): study TH 2011 15+ aged general public, Thailand, 2011 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.660
SD
= 1.810
Helliwell et al. (2020): study FR 2012 15+ aged general public, France, 2012 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.650
SD
= 1.790
Helliwell et al. (2020): study GR 2007 15+ aged general public, Greece, 2007 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.650
SD
= 1.960
Latin American Public Opinion Project (2010): study EC 2008 18+ aged, general public, Ecuador, 2008 N = 3000
Mean
= 6.641
SD
= 2.091
Gallup (2008a): study SG 2008 /1 15+ aged, general public, Singapore, 2008 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.640
SD
= 1.530
Gallup (2008a): study GR 2007 15+ aged, general public, Greece, 2007 N = 995
Mean
= 6.640
SD
= 1.960
Gallup World View (2012): study FR 2012 /1 15+ aged general public France, 2012 N = 1986
Mean
= 6.640
SD
= 1.790
Helliwell et al. (2020): study FR 2017 15+ aged general public, France, 2017 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.640
SD
= 1.630
Helliwell et al. (2020): study BR 2005 15+ aged general public, Brazil, 2005 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.640
SD
= 2.440
Helliwell et al. (2020): study CL 2010 15+ aged general public, Chile, 2010 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.640
SD
= 2.180
Helliwell et al. (2020): study DE 2009 15+ aged general public, Germany, 2009 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.640
SD
= 1.870
Helliwell et al. (2020): study SG 2008 15+ aged general public, Singapore, 2008 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.640
SD
= 1.530
Gallup (2009a): study CL 2010 15+ aged, general public, Chile , 2011 N = 1007
Mean
= 6.630
SD
= 2.180
Helliwell et al. (2020): study GT 2018 15+ aged general public, Guatemala, 2018 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.630
SD
= 2.840
Helliwell et al. (2020): study PA 2014 15+ aged general public, Panama, 2014 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.630
SD
= 2.540
Helliwell et al. (2020): study UY 2015 15+ aged general public, Uruguay, 2015 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.630
SD
= 2.190
Helliwell et al. (2020): study DE 2005 15+ aged general public, Germany, 2005 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.620
SD
= 1.800
Helliwell et al. (2020): study DE 2011 15+ aged general public, Germany, 2011 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.620
SD
= 1.850
Helliwell et al. (2020): study SG 2015 15+ aged general public, Singapore, 2015 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.620
SD
= 1.610
Helliwell et al. (2020): study AE 2013 15+ aged general public, United Arab Emirates, 2013 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.620
SD
= 2.120
Gallup (2008a): study DE 2006 15+ aged, general public, Germany, 2006 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.610
SD
= 1.790
Helliwell et al. (2020): study CO 2013 15+ aged general public, Colombia, 2013 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.610
SD
= 2.400
Helliwell et al. (2020): study CZ 2015 15+ aged general public, Czech Republic, 2015 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.610
SD
= 1.800
Helliwell et al. (2020): study MT 2015 15+ aged general public, Malta, 2015 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.610
SD
= 1.850
Helliwell et al. (2020): study PA 2015 15+ aged general public, Panama, 2015 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.610
SD
= 2.540
Helliwell et al. (2020): study QA 2012 15+ aged general public, Qatar, 2012 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.610
SD
= 2.170
Gallup (2009a): study PR 2010 15+ aged, general public, Puerto Rico, 2011 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.600
NicGabhainn & Sixsmith (2005): study PT 2011 15+ aged, general public, Portugal, 2011 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.600
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study CZ 2015 15+ aged, general public, Czech Republic, 2015 N = 999
Mean
= 6.600
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study MT 2015 15+ aged, general public, Malta, 2015 N = 995
Mean
= 6.600
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study PA 2015 15+ aged, general public, Panama, 2015 N = 992
Mean
= 6.600
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study SG 2015 15+ aged, general public, Singapore, 2015 N = 990
Mean
= 6.600
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study UY 2015 15+ aged, general public, Uruguay, 2015 N = 995
Mean
= 6.600
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study AE 2014 15+ aged, general public, United Arab Emirates, 2014 N = 1005
Mean
= 6.600
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study BR 2006 15+ aged, general public, Brazil, 2006 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.600
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study AR 2013 15+ aged, general public, Argentina, 2013 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.600
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study BR 2008 15+ aged, general public, Brazil, 2008 N = 1038
Mean
= 6.600
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study CL 2012 15+ aged, general public, Chile , 2012 N = 1003
Mean
= 6.600
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study CL 2010 15+ aged, general public, Chile , 2010 N = 1007
Mean
= 6.600
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study CO 2013 /1 15+ aged, general public, Colombia, 2013 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.600
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study CO 2014 /1 15+ aged, general public, Colombia, 2014 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.600
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study FR 2007 15+ aged, general public, France, 2007 N = 1220
Mean
= 6.600
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study FR 2012 15+ aged, general public, France, 2012 N = 2005
Mean
= 6.600
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study DE 2006 15+ aged, general public, Germany, 2006 N = 1001
Mean
= 6.600
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study DE 2011 15+ aged, general public, Germany, 2011 N = 9105
Mean
= 6.600
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study GR 2007 15+ aged, general public, Greece, 2007 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.600
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study IT 2007 15+ aged, general public, Italy, 2007 N = 1008
Mean
= 6.600
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study KW 2009 15+ aged, general public, Kuwait, 2009 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.600
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study MX 2006 15+ aged, general public, Mexico, 2006 N = 1007
Mean
= 6.600
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study PA 2014 15+ aged, general public, Panama, 2014 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.600
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study PR 2006 15+ aged, general public, Puerto Rico, 2006 N = 500
Mean
= 6.600
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study SG 2008 15+ aged, general public, Singapore, 2008 N = 2551
Mean
= 6.600
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study SG 2011 15+ aged, general public, Singapore, 2011 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.600
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study TM 2009 15+ aged, general public, Turkmenistan, 2009 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.600
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study AE 2013 15+ aged, general public, United Arab Emirates, 2013 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.600
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study AE 2014 /1 15+ aged, general public, United Arab Emirates, 2014 N = 1005
Mean
= 6.600
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study UY 2011 15+ aged, general public, Uruguay, 2011 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.600
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study UY 2014 15+ aged, general public, Uruguay, 2014 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.600
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study VE 2011 15+ aged, general public, Venezuela, 2011 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.600
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study VE 2013 15+ aged, general public, Venezuela, 2013 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.600
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study CL 2016 15+ aged, general public, Chile, 2016 N = 1008
Mean
= 6.600
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study MT 2016 15+ aged, general public, Malta, 2016 N = 1010
Mean
= 6.600
Helliwell et al. (2020): study CL 2012 15+ aged general public, Chile, 2012 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.600
SD
= 2.120
Helliwell et al. (2020): study AE 2018 15+ aged general public, United Arab Emirates, 2018 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.600
SD
= 2.210
Helliwell et al. (2020): study UY 2019 15+ aged general public, Uruguay, 2019 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.600
SD
= 2.080
Gallup (2008a): study PR 2006 /1 15+ aged, general public, Puerto Rico, 2006 N = 499
Mean
= 6.590
SD
= 2.610
Gallup World View (2012): study CL 2012 15+ aged general public Chile, 2012 N = 1001
Mean
= 6.590
SD
= 2.120
Helliwell et al. (2020): study KW 2009 15+ aged general public, Kuwait, 2009 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.590
SD
= 1.590
Helliwell et al. (2020): study MT 2016 15+ aged general public, Malta, 2016 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.590
SD
= 1.880
Helliwell et al. (2020): study QA 2011 15+ aged general public, Qatar, 2011 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.590
SD
= 2.320
Gallup (2008a): study MX 2006 15+ aged, general public, Mexico, 2006 N = 988
Mean
= 6.580
SD
= 2.230
Pew Research Center (2007): study FR 2007 18+ aged, general public, France, 2007 N = 1195
Mean
= 6.580
SD
= 1.800
Helliwell et al. (2020): study AR 2013 15+ aged general public, Argentina, 2013 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.580
SD
= 1.990
Helliwell et al. (2020): study CL 2016 15+ aged general public, Chile, 2016 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.580
SD
= 1.990
Helliwell et al. (2020): study FR 2006 15+ aged general public, France, 2006 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.580
SD
= 1.800
Helliwell et al. (2020): study MX 2005 15+ aged general public, Mexico, 2005 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.580
SD
= 2.240
Helliwell et al. (2020): study VE 2011 15+ aged general public, Venezuela, 2011 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.580
SD
= 2.290
Pew Research Center (2007): study IT 2007 18+ aged, general public, Italy, 2007 N = 999
Mean
= 6.570
SD
= 1.850
Gallup (2009a): study VE 2011 15+ aged, general public, Venezuela, 2011 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.570
SD
= 2.290
Helliwell et al. (2020): study IT 2007 15+ aged general public, Italy, 2007 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.570
SD
= 1.860
Helliwell et al. (2020): study PA 2017 15+ aged general public, Panama, 2017 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.570
SD
= 2.680
Helliwell et al. (2020): study TM 2009 15+ aged general public, Turkmenistan, 2009 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.570
SD
= 1.750
Helliwell et al. (2020): study AE 2015 15+ aged general public, United Arab Emirates, 2015 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.570
SD
= 2.090
Latin American Public Opinion Project (2010): study VE 2010 18+ aged, general public, Venezuela, 2010 N = 1500
Mean
= 6.562
SD
= 2.016
Kilpatrick & Cantril (1960): study US 1955 Adults, general public, USA, 195? N = 100
Mean
= 6.560
Gallup (2009a): study TM 2009 15+ aged, general public, Turkmenistan, 2011 N = 983
Mean
= 6.560
SD
= 1.740
Helliwell et al. (2021): study SA 2020 15+ aged general public, Saudi Arabia 2020 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.560
Helliwell et al. (2020): study SA 2019 15+ aged general public, Saudi Arabia, 2019 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.560
SD
= 2.420
Helliwell et al. (2020): study SG 2011 15+ aged general public, Singapore, 2011 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.560
SD
= 1.670
Helliwell et al. (2020): study UY 2014 15+ aged general public, Uruguay, 2014 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.560
SD
= 2.100
Gallup (2009a): study UY 2011 15+ aged, general public, Uruguay, 2011 N = 974
Mean
= 6.550
SD
= 2.170
Helliwell et al. (2020): study BR 2015 15+ aged general public, Brazil, 2015 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.550
SD
= 2.260
Helliwell et al. (2020): study MX 2018 15+ aged general public, Mexico, 2018 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.550
SD
= 2.330
Helliwell et al. (2020): study UY 2011 15+ aged general public, Uruguay, 2011 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.550
SD
= 2.170
Helliwell et al. (2020): study VE 2013 15+ aged general public, Venezuela, 2013 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.550
SD
= 2.470
Witters & Agrawal (2021): study US 2019 18+ aged, general public, United States, fall 2019 N = 9645
Mean
= 6.550
Gallup (2008a): study SG 2006 15+ aged, general public, Singapore, 2006 N = 1092
Mean
= 6.540
SD
= 1.290
Gallup (2008a): study DE 2008 15+ aged, general public, Germany, 2008 N = 4012
Mean
= 6.540
SD
= 1.780
Helliwell et al. (2020): study GT 2014 15+ aged general public, Guatemala, 2014 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.540
SD
= 2.590
Helliwell et al. (2020): study TW 2019 15+ aged general public, Taiwan, 2019 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.540
SD
= 1.730
Helliwell et al. (2020): study AE 2014 15+ aged general public, United Arab Emirates, 2014 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.540
SD
= 2.150
Gallup World View (2012): study SG 2012 15+ aged general public Singapore, 2012 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.530
SD
= 1.510
Helliwell et al. (2020): study CL 2011 15+ aged general public, Chile, 2011 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.530
SD
= 2.070
Helliwell et al. (2020): study CL 2015 15+ aged general public, Chile, 2015 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.530
SD
= 1.940
Helliwell et al. (2020): study MX 2007 15+ aged general public, Mexico, 2007 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.530
SD
= 2.040
Helliwell et al. (2020): study SG 2010 15+ aged general public, Singapore, 2010 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.530
SD
= 1.480
Helliwell et al. (2020): study SG 2013 15+ aged general public, Singapore, 2013 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.530
SD
= 1.520
Helliwell et al. (2020): study VE 2006 15+ aged general public, Venezuela, 2006 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.530
SD
= 2.150
Pew Research Center (2007): study MX 2007 18+ aged, general public, Mexico, 2007 N = 999
Mean
= 6.520
SD
= 2.040
Helliwell et al. (2020): study IT 2018 15+ aged general public, Italy, 2018 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.520
SD
= 1.520
Helliwell et al. (2020): study DE 2008 15+ aged general public, Germany, 2008 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.520
SD
= 1.770
Helliwell et al. (2020): study JP 2005 15+ aged general public, Japan, 2005 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.520
SD
= 1.790
Helliwell et al. (2020): study ES 2011 15+ aged general public, Spain, 2011 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.520
SD
= 1.960
Helliwell et al. (2020): study TT 2011 15+ aged general public, Trinidad and Tobago, 2011 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.520
SD
= 1.900
Helliwell et al. (2020): study GB 2015 15+ aged general public, United Kingdom, 2015 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.520
SD
= 1.750
Helliwell et al. (2021): study SK 2020 15+ aged general public, Slovakia 2020 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.519
Gallup (2008a): study JP 2006 15+ aged, general public, Japan, 2006 N = 996
Mean
= 6.510
SD
= 1.780
Helliwell et al. (2020): study ES 2018 15+ aged general public, Spain, 2018 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.510
SD
= 1.670
Helliwell et al. (2020): study TW 2016 15+ aged general public, Taiwan, 2016 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.510
SD
= 1.960
Helliwell et al. (2021): study HR 2020 15+ aged general public, Croatia 2020 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.508
Pew Research Center (2002): study IT 2002 18+ aged, general public, Italy, 2002 N = 508
Mean
= 6.503
SD
= 1.780
Helliwell et al. (2021): study ES 2020 15+ aged general public, Spain 2020 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.502
Taylor (2008): study US 2008 /1 18+ aged, general public, USA,2008 N = 2413
Mean
= 6.500
Gallup (2008a): study CZ 2007 15+ aged, general public, Czech Republic, 2007 N = 1058
Mean
= 6.500
SD
= 1.990
Gallup World View (2012): study BZ 2007 /2 15+ aged, general public, Belize, 2007 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.500
Gallup World View (2012): study CO 2011 15+ aged, general public, Colombia, 2011 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.500
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study BR 2015 15+ aged, general public, Brazil, 2015 N = 998
Mean
= 6.500
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study CL 2015 15+ aged, general public, Chile , 2015 N = 1025
Mean
= 6.500
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study GT 2015 15+ aged, general public, Guatemala, 2015 N = 917
Mean
= 6.500
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study TW 2015 15+ aged, general public, Taiwan, 2015 N = 996
Mean
= 6.500
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study GB 2015 15+ aged, general public, United Kingdom, 2015 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.500
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study AE 2015 /1 15+ aged, general public, United Arab Emirates, 2015 N = 1885
Mean
= 6.500
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study AR 2012 15+ aged, general public, Argentina, 2012 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.500
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study BZ 2007 15+ aged, general public, Belize, 2007 N = 502
Mean
= 6.500
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study CL 2011 15+ aged, general public, Chile , 2011 N = 1009
Mean
= 6.500
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study CL 2009 15+ aged, general public, Chile , 2009 N = 1009
Mean
= 6.500
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study CZ 2014 15+ aged, general public, Czech Republic, 2014 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.500
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study CZ 2007 15+ aged, general public, Czech Republic, 2007 N = 1072
Mean
= 6.500
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study CO 2011 /1 15+ aged, general public, Colombia, 2011 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.500
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study FR 2014 15+ aged, general public, France, 2014 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.500
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study DE 2008 15+ aged, general public, Germany, 2008 N = 2010
Mean
= 6.500
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study GT 2009 15+ aged, general public, Guatemala, 2009 N = 1015
Mean
= 6.500
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study GT 2014 15+ aged, general public, Guatemala, 2014 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.500
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study JP 2006 15+ aged, general public, Japan, 2006 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.500
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study KW 2013 15+ aged, general public, Kuwait, 2013 N = 1008
Mean
= 6.500
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study MT 2014 15+ aged, general public, Malta, 2014 N = 1012
Mean
= 6.500
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study MX 2007 15+ aged, general public, Mexico, 2007 N = 999
Mean
= 6.500
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study QA 2011 15+ aged, general public, Qatar, 2011 N = 2032
Mean
= 6.500
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study SA 2012 15+ aged, general public, Saudi Arabia, 2012 N = 2112
Mean
= 6.500
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study SA 2013 15+ aged, general public, Saudi Arabia, 2013 N = 1001
Mean
= 6.500
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study SG 2006 15+ aged, general public, Singapore, 2006 N = 1095
Mean
= 6.500
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study SG 2010 15+ aged, general public, Singapore, 2010 N = 1001
Mean
= 6.500
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study SG 2012 15+ aged, general public, Singapore, 2012 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.500
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study ES 2011 15+ aged, general public, Spain, 2011 N = 1006
Mean
= 6.500
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study ES 2014 15+ aged, general public, Spain, 2014 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.500
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study TT 2011 15+ aged, general public, Trinidad and Tobago, 2011 N = 504
Mean
= 6.500
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study VE 2007 15+ aged, general public, Venezuela, 2007 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.500
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study FR 2016 15+ aged, general public, France, 2016 N = 999
Mean
= 6.500
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study SA 2016 15+ aged, general public, Saudi Arabia, 2016 N = 987
Mean
= 6.500
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study TW 2016 15+ aged, general public, Taiwan, 2016 N = 990
Mean
= 6.500
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study TW 2015 /1 15+ aged, general public, Taiwan, 2015 N = 996
Mean
= 6.500
Helliwell et al. (2020): study CZ 2007 15+ aged general public, Czech Republic, 2007 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.500
SD
= 1.990
Helliwell et al. (2020): study SA 2013 15+ aged general public, Saudi Arabia, 2013 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.500
SD
= 2.370
Pew Research Center (2002): study FR 2002 18+ aged, general public, France, 2002 N = 507
Mean
= 6.495
SD
= 1.560
Helliwell et al. (2020): study CL 2009 15+ aged general public, Chile, 2009 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.490
SD
= 2.210
Helliwell et al. (2021): study IT 2020 15+ aged general public, Italy 2020 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.488
Latin American Public Opinion Project (2010): study GY 2008 18+ aged, general public, Guyana, 2008 N = 2505
Mean
= 6.482
SD
= 2.153
Helliwell et al. (2020): study CZ 2014 15+ aged general public, Czech Republic, 2014 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.480
SD
= 2.030
Helliwell et al. (2020): study FR 2016 15+ aged general public, France, 2016 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.480
SD
= 1.800
Helliwell et al. (2020): study KW 2013 15+ aged general public, Kuwait, 2013 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.480
SD
= 2.070
Helliwell et al. (2020): study NI 2017 15+ aged general public, Nicaragua, 2017 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.480
SD
= 2.660
Pew Research Center (2002): study VN 2002 18+ aged, general public, Viet Nam, 2002 N = 772
Mean
= 6.478
SD
= 1.874
Helliwell et al. (2020): study AR 2012 15+ aged general public, Argentina, 2012 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.470
SD
= 2.100
Helliwell et al. (2020): study FR 2014 15+ aged general public, France, 2014 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.470
SD
= 1.850
Helliwell et al. (2020): study SA 2016 15+ aged general public, Saudi Arabia, 2016 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.470
SD
= 2.070
Helliwell et al. (2020): study TW 2018 15+ aged general public, Taiwan, 2018 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.470
SD
= 1.690
Helliwell et al. (2021): study SI 2020 15+ aged general public, Slovenia 2020 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.462
Gallup World View (2012): study AR 2012 15+ aged general public Argentina, 2012 N = 998
Mean
= 6.460
SD
= 2.090
Gallup World View (2012): study SA 2012 /1 15+ aged general public Saudi Arabia, 2012 N = 2111
Mean
= 6.460
SD
= 2.220
Helliwell et al. (2020): study CO 2011 15+ aged general public, Colombia, 2011 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.460
SD
= 2.370
Helliwell et al. (2020): study GT 2015 15+ aged general public, Guatemala, 2015 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.460
SD
= 2.940
Helliwell et al. (2020): study SG 2006 15+ aged general public, Singapore, 2006 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.460
SD
= 1.300
Helliwell et al. (2020): study ES 2014 15+ aged general public, Spain, 2014 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.460
SD
= 1.760
Helliwell et al. (2020): study ES 2019 15+ aged general public, Spain, 2019 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.460
SD
= 1.750
Helliwell et al. (2021): study AE 2020 15+ aged general public, United Arab Emirates 2020 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.458
Helliwell et al. (2021): study EE 2020 15+ aged general public, Estonia 2020 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.453
Gallup (2008a): study BZ 2007 15+ aged, general public, Belize, 2007 N = 491
Mean
= 6.450
SD
= 2.040
Helliwell et al. (2020): study BZ 2007 15+ aged general public, Belize, 2007 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.450
SD
= 2.040
Helliwell et al. (2020): study BR 2019 15+ aged general public, Brazil, 2019 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.450
SD
= 2.490
Helliwell et al. (2020): study CO 2014 15+ aged general public, Colombia, 2014 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.450
SD
= 2.300
Helliwell et al. (2020): study SV 2019 15+ aged general public, El Salvador, 2019 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.450
SD
= 2.740
Helliwell et al. (2020): study GT 2009 15+ aged general public, Guatemala, 2009 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.450
SD
= 2.240
Helliwell et al. (2020): study IT 2019 15+ aged general public, Italy, 2019 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.450
SD
= 1.700
Helliwell et al. (2020): study MT 2014 15+ aged general public, Malta, 2014 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.450
SD
= 1.920
Helliwell et al. (2020): study TW 2015 15+ aged general public, Taiwan, 2015 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.450
SD
= 1.830
Helliwell et al. (2020): study UY 2012 15+ aged general public, Uruguay, 2012 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.450
SD
= 2.320
Pew Research Center (2002): study KR 2002 18+ aged, general public, Korea,(South), 2002 N = 719
Mean
= 6.444
SD
= 1.813
Gallup (2009a): study ZZ Europe 2011 15+ aged, general public, Europe, 2011 N = 105000
Mean
= 6.442
SD
= 2.027
Latin American Public Opinion Project (2010): study AR 2010 18+ aged, general public, Argentina, 2010 N = 1410
Mean
= 6.440
SD
= 2.100
Gallup World View (2012): study UY 2012 15+ aged general public Uruguay, 2012 N = 994
Mean
= 6.440
SD
= 2.310
Helliwell et al. (2020): study CL 2018 15+ aged general public, Chile, 2018 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.440
SD
= 2.150
Helliwell et al. (2020): study AR 2010 15+ aged general public, Argentina, 2010 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.440
SD
= 2.110
Helliwell et al. (2020): study CZ 2005 15+ aged general public, Czech Republic, 2005 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.440
SD
= 2.060
Helliwell et al. (2020): study UY 2013 15+ aged general public, Uruguay, 2013 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.440
SD
= 2.150
Gallup (2008a): study CZ 2006 15+ aged, general public, Czech Republic, 2006 N = 985
Mean
= 6.430
SD
= 2.050
Helliwell et al. (2020): study AR 2016 15+ aged general public, Argentina, 2016 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.430
SD
= 2.130
Helliwell et al. (2020): study XY Kosovo 2019 15+ aged, general public, Kosovo, 2019 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.430
SD
= 2.500
Helliwell et al. (2020): study MX 2019 15+ aged general public, Mexico, 2019 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.430
SD
= 2.400
Helliwell et al. (2020): study AR 2009 15+ aged general public, Argentina, 2009 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.420
SD
= 2.070
Helliwell et al. (2020): study DE 2007 15+ aged general public, Germany, 2007 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.420
SD
= 1.870
Helliwell et al. (2020): study QA 2009 15+ aged general public, Qatar, 2009 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.420
SD
= 1.620
Helliwell et al. (2020): study UZ 2017 15+ aged general public, Uzbekistan, 2017 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.420
SD
= 2.370
Gallup (2008a): study GT 2008 15+ aged, general public, Guatemala, 2008 N = 991
Mean
= 6.410
SD
= 2.150
Pew Research Center (2007): study DE 2007 18+ aged, general public, Germany, 2007 N = 1211
Mean
= 6.410
SD
= 1.860
Helliwell et al. (2020): study CO 2010 15+ aged general public, Colombia, 2010 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.410
SD
= 2.560
Helliwell et al. (2020): study GT 2008 15+ aged general public, Guatemala, 2008 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.410
SD
= 2.160
Helliwell et al. (2020): study MX 2017 15+ aged general public, Mexico, 2017 N = 1000
Mean
= 6.410
SD
= 2.240
Latin American Public Opinion Project (2010): study CO 2010 18+ aged, general public, Colombia, 2010 N = 997
Mean
= 6.400
SD
= 2.560
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study CO 2015 15+ aged, general public, Colombia, 2015 N = 998
Mean
= 6.400
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study FR 2015 15+ aged, general public, France, 2015 N = 998
Mean
= 6.400
Burger & Veenhoven (2016): study QA 2014 15+ aged, general public, Qatar, 2014 N = 968
Mean
= 6.400