Equivalent measures Distributional Findings on Happiness by nation using equivalent measure type: 112F - 10-step numeral Happiness Measure Types 111A 2-step verbal happiness 111B 3-step verbal Happiness 111BA 3-step verbal Happiness B 111C 4-step verbal Happiness 111D 5-step verbal Happiness 111E 6-step verbal Happiness 111F 7-step verbal Happiness 112A 5-step numeral happiness 112B 6-step numeral happiness 112C 7-step numeral Happiness 112D 8-step numeral happiness 112E 9-step numeral happiness 112F 10-step numeral Happiness 112G 11-step numeral Happiness 113 3-step verbal Happy: Right-Wrong 121A 2-step verbal Lifesatisfaction 121B 3-step verbal LifeSatisfaction 121C 4-step verbal LifeSatisfaction 121D 5-step verbal LifeSatisfaction 121E 6-step verbal Lifesatisfaction 121F 7-step verbal LifeSatisfaction 122A 5-step numeral LifeSatisfaction 122B 11-step numeral LifeSatisfaction 122C 7-step numeral LifeSatisfaction 122D 8-step numeral LifeSatisfaction 122E 9-step numeral LifeSatisfaction 122F 10-step numeral LifeSatisfaction 122G 11-step numeral LifeSatisfaction 122H 101-step numeral LifeSatisfaction 13A 7-step verbal Delighted-Terrible life 13B 8-step verbal Delighted-Terrible life 15A 4-step verbal Qua;ity of Life 15B 5-step verbal Quality of Life 15C 7-step good-bad things in life 15E 10-step Quality-Of-Life 15F 11-step Quality-Of-Life 16 OVERALL: SATISFACTION WITH QUALITY OF LIFE 16A 4-step verbal Satisfaction with QOL 16B 5-step verbal Satisfaction with QOL 16C 7-step verbal Satisfaction with QOL 16D 7-step numeral Satisfaction with QOL 16F 11-step numeral satisfaction with QOL 18 OVERALL: FURTHER ITEMS 18A Happiness + LifeSatisfaction in one question 18B 11-step Best-Worst Overall Happiness 19 OVERALL: MULTIPLE ITEMS 19A 2 item LifeSatisfaction 19B 3-item Overall Happiness 19C 2-item Happiness + LifeSatisfaction 19D Diener's SWLS items on overall happiness 19E Various questions on Happiness + LifeSatisfaction combined 19F 11step life-satisfaction estimated from responses about Affect and Contentment 19G 11-step life-satisfaction plus imputation of missing cases 21A 2-step verbal Average Affect 21C 4-step verbal Average Affect 21F 6-step verbal Average Affect 21G 10-step verbal Average Affect 21H 11-step verbal Average Affect 21I 7-step Pictorial Average Affect 21J 7-step numeral Average Affect 21K 10-step numeral Average Affect 21L 11-step numeral Average Affect 221 8-item Affect Balance Scale (Diener) 222 10-item Affect Balance Scale (Bradburn) 223 20 item Affect Balance Scale (Watson): PANAS 224 9-item Affect Balance (ESS) 231 5-step verbal Current Affect 24A More days like yesterday 24B Yesterday's overall affect 24C 5-item Yesterday's Affect Balance 24D 6 item yesterday Affect Balance 24E 10 item Yesterday Affect Balance 24F 11 item Yesterday's Affect Balance 24G 14-item Yesterday's Affect Balance 25C Automatic face analysis 31 CONTENTMENT: LIFE CLOSE TO IDEAL 31A 5-step verbal Close to Ideal 31B 5-step numeral Close to Ideal 31C 7-step verbal Close to Ideal 31D 7-step numeral Close to Ideal 32A1 7-step verbal Best-Worst possible life 32A2 7-step numeral Best-Worst possible life 32B 9-step numeral Best-Worst possible life 32C 10-step Best-Worst possible life 32D 11-step numeral Best-Worst possible Life 33A 4-step verbal Realization of Goals 33B 7-step verbal Realization of Goals 33C 11-step numeral Succes in Goals 34A 2-step verbal Life fits Wants 34B 3-step verbal Life fits Wants 34C 4-step verbal Life fits Wants 34D 5-step verbal Life fits Wants 34E 10-step numerical Life fits Wants 34F 11-step numerical Life fits Wants 4 MIXED MEASURES 411A 2-step Feel happy 411B 3-step Feel Happy 411C 4-step Feel Happy 411D 5-step Feel Happy 411E 6-step Feel Happy 411F 7-step Feel Happy 411G 7-step Feel Happy 411H 10/11-step Feel Happy 412A 4-step verbal Tme Happy 412B 5-step verbal Time Happy 412C 6-step verbal Time Happy 413A 4-step verbal Pleasant Life 413B 5-step Pleasant Life 414 Happy days 421 Yesterday Affect Balance + Best-Worst possible life 432 Shortened Satisfaction with Life Scale 5 HAPPY LIFE YEARS 6 INEQUALITY of HAPPINESS 61 SD 11step Life-satisfaction 62 SD 11 step Contentment 7 INEQUALITY ADJUSTED HAPPINESS Typical text: Taking all things together on a scale of one to ten, how hapy would you say you are? 1 very unhappy : 10 very happy Austria Finding Measure Code Year Original (1 - 10) Scale (0 - 10) mean SD mean SD O-HL-u-sq-n-10-b 2003 7.91 1.75 7.68 1.95 O-HL-u-sq-n-10-b 2007 7.31 1.96 7.01 2.18 Average 7.61 1.86 7.35 2.06 Belgium Finding Measure Code Year Original (1 - 10) Scale (0 - 10) mean SD mean SD O-HL-u-sq-n-10-b 2003 7.74 1.49 7.49 1.66 O-HL-u-sq-n-10-b 2007 7.80 1.53 7.56 1.70 Average 7.77 1.51 7.52 1.68 Bulgaria Finding Measure Code Year Original (1 - 10) Scale (0 - 10) mean SD mean SD O-HL-u-sq-n-10-b 2003 5.91 2.36 5.45 2.62 O-HL-u-sq-n-10-b 2007 5.81 1.94 5.34 2.16 Average 5.86 2.15 5.40 2.39 Croatia Finding Measure Code Year Original (1 - 10) Scale (0 - 10) mean SD mean SD O-HL-u-sq-n-10-b 2007 6.97 2.09 6.63 2.32 Average 6.97 2.09 6.63 2.32 Cyprus Finding Measure Code Year Original (1 - 10) Scale (0 - 10) mean SD mean SD O-HL-u-sq-n-10-b 2003 7.75 1.96 7.50 2.18 O-HL-u-sq-n-10-b 2007 7.66 1.85 7.40 2.06 Average 7.71 1.90 7.45 2.12 Czech Republic Finding Measure Code Year Original (1 - 10) Scale (0 - 10) mean SD mean SD O-HL-u-sq-n-10-b 2003 7.21 1.86 6.90 2.07 O-HL-u-sq-n-10-b 2007 7.50 1.67 7.22 1.86 Average 7.36 1.77 7.06 1.96 Denmark Finding Measure Code Year Original (1 - 10) Scale (0 - 10) mean SD mean SD O-HL-u-sq-n-10-b 2003 8.32 1.41 8.13 1.57 O-HL-u-sq-n-10-b 2007 8.33 1.42 8.14 1.58 Average 8.32 1.41 8.13 1.57 Estonia Finding Measure Code Year Original (1 - 10) Scale (0 - 10) mean SD mean SD O-HL-u-sq-n-10-b 2003 6.82 2.03 6.46 2.25 O-HL-u-sq-n-10-b 2007 7.35 1.72 7.06 1.91 Average 7.08 1.87 6.76 2.08 Finland Finding Measure Code Year Original (1 - 10) Scale (0 - 10) mean SD mean SD O-HL-u-sq-n-10-b 2003 8.08 1.42 7.87 1.58 O-HL-u-sq-n-10-b 2007 8.32 1.17 8.13 1.30 Average 8.20 1.29 8.00 1.44 France Finding Measure Code Year Original (1 - 10) Scale (0 - 10) mean SD mean SD O-HL-u-sq-n-10-b 2003 7.30 1.51 7.00 1.68 O-HL-u-sq-n-10-b 2007 7.78 1.48 7.53 1.64 Average 7.54 1.50 7.27 1.66 Germany Finding Measure Code Year Original (1 - 10) Scale (0 - 10) mean SD mean SD O-HL-u-sq-n-10-b 2003 7.61 1.80 7.35 2.00 O-HL-u-sq-n-10-b 2007 7.50 1.96 7.22 2.18 Average 7.55 1.88 7.28 2.09 Greece Finding Measure Code Year Original (1 - 10) Scale (0 - 10) mean SD mean SD O-HL-u-sq-n-10-b 2003 7.55 1.93 7.28 2.15 O-HL-u-sq-n-10-b 2007 7.35 1.86 7.06 2.07 Average 7.45 1.90 7.17 2.11 Hungary Finding Measure Code Year Original (1 - 10) Scale (0 - 10) mean SD mean SD O-HL-u-sq-n-10-b 2003 7.05 2.10 6.72 2.34 O-HL-u-sq-n-10-b 2007 7.00 2.06 6.67 2.29 Average 7.03 2.08 6.70 2.31 Iceland Finding Measure Code Year Original (1 - 10) Scale (0 - 10) mean SD mean SD O-HL-u-sq-n-10-e 2007 7.80 1.71 7.55 1.90 Average 7.80 1.71 7.55 1.90 Indonesia Finding Measure Code Year Original (1 - 10) Scale (0 - 10) mean SD mean SD O-HL-c-sq-n-10-e 2017 7.63 Average 7.63 Ireland Finding Measure Code Year Original (1 - 10) Scale (0 - 10) mean SD mean SD O-HL-u-sq-n-10-b 2003 8.06 1.67 7.85 1.85 O-HL-u-sq-n-10-b 2007 8.02 1.45 7.80 1.61 Average 8.04 1.56 7.82 1.73 Italy Finding Measure Code Year Original (1 - 10) Scale (0 - 10) mean SD mean SD O-HL-u-sq-n-10-b 2003 7.53 1.55 7.25 1.72 O-HL-u-sq-n-10-b 2007 6.99 1.62 6.66 1.80 Average 7.26 1.58 6.95 1.76 Kazakhstan Finding Measure Code Year Original (1 - 10) Scale (0 - 10) mean SD mean SD O-SLu-g-sq-n-10-f 2015 7.80 1.94 7.56 2.16 O-SLu-g-sq-n-10-f 2017 7.63 1.80 O-SLu-g-sq-n-10-f 2018 7.61 1.70 7.35 1.89 O-HL-u-sq-n-10-j 2018 8.13 1.61 7.92 1.79 O-SLu-g-sq-n-10-f 2019 7.65 1.61 7.39 1.79 O-HL-u-sq-n-10-j 2019 7.95 1.61 7.72 1.79 O-SLu-g-sq-n-10-f 2020 7.83 1.57 7.59 1.74 O-HL-u-sq-n-10-j 2020 8.17 1.57 7.97 1.74 O-SLu-g-sq-n-10-f 2021 7.83 1.53 7.59 1.70 O-HL-u-sq-n-10-j 2021 8.12 1.55 7.91 1.72 Average 7.87 1.65 7.67 1.81 Latvia Finding Measure Code Year Original (1 - 10) Scale (0 - 10) mean SD mean SD O-HL-u-sq-n-10-b 2003 6.37 2.06 5.97 2.28 O-HL-u-sq-n-10-b 2007 6.85 1.89 6.50 2.10 Average 6.61 1.97 6.23 2.19 Lithuania Finding Measure Code Year Original (1 - 10) Scale (0 - 10) mean SD mean SD O-HL-u-sq-n-10-b 2003 6.41 2.18 6.01 2.42 O-HL-u-sq-n-10-b 2007 7.26 1.97 6.96 2.19 Average 6.84 2.07 6.49 2.31 Luxembourg Finding Measure Code Year Original (1 - 10) Scale (0 - 10) mean SD mean SD O-HL-u-sq-n-10-b 2003 7.98 1.70 7.76 1.89 O-HL-u-sq-n-10-b 2007 8.05 1.67 7.83 1.86 Average 8.01 1.68 7.79 1.87 Malta Finding Measure Code Year Original (1 - 10) Scale (0 - 10) mean SD mean SD O-HL-u-sq-n-10-b 2003 7.89 1.67 7.66 1.85 O-HL-u-sq-n-10-b 2007 7.90 1.74 7.67 1.93 Average 7.90 1.70 7.66 1.89 Netherlands Finding Measure Code Year Original (1 - 10) Scale (0 - 10) mean SD mean SD O-HL-u-sq-n-10-b 2003 7.66 1.26 7.40 1.39 O-HL-u-sq-n-10-b 2007 8.00 1.08 7.78 1.20 O-HP-u-sq-n-10-b 2012 7.82 1.16 7.57 1.29 O-HP-u-sq-n-10-b 2012 7.82 1.16 7.57 1.29 O-HP-u-sq-n-10-b 2013 7.74 1.12 7.49 1.25 Average 7.81 1.16 7.56 1.29 North Macedonia Finding Measure Code Year Original (1 - 10) Scale (0 - 10) mean SD mean SD O-HL-u-sq-n-10-b 2007 6.25 2.29 5.83 2.54 Average 6.25 2.29 5.83 2.54 Norway Finding Measure Code Year Original (1 - 10) Scale (0 - 10) mean SD mean SD O-HL-u-sq-n-10-b 2007 8.07 1.49 7.86 1.66 Average 8.07 1.49 7.86 1.66 Poland Finding Measure Code Year Original (1 - 10) Scale (0 - 10) mean SD mean SD O-HL-u-sq-n-10-b 2003 6.89 2.13 6.54 2.37 O-HL-u-sq-n-10-b 2007 7.38 1.91 7.09 2.12 Average 7.13 2.02 6.82 2.24 Portugal Finding Measure Code Year Original (1 - 10) Scale (0 - 10) mean SD mean SD O-HL-u-sq-n-10-b 2003 6.85 2.02 6.50 2.24 O-HL-u-sq-n-10-b 2007 6.91 1.87 6.57 2.08 Average 6.88 1.94 6.53 2.16 Romania Finding Measure Code Year Original (1 - 10) Scale (0 - 10) mean SD mean SD O-HL-u-sq-n-10-b 2003 7.16 2.02 6.84 2.25 O-HL-u-sq-n-10-b 2007 7.03 1.92 6.70 2.13 Average 7.10 1.97 6.77 2.19 Slovakia Finding Measure Code Year Original (1 - 10) Scale (0 - 10) mean SD mean SD O-HL-u-sq-n-10-b 2003 6.51 2.04 6.13 2.26 O-HL-u-sq-n-10-b 2007 7.54 1.72 7.27 1.91 Average 7.03 1.88 6.70 2.09 Slovenia Finding Measure Code Year Original (1 - 10) Scale (0 - 10) mean SD mean SD O-HL-u-sq-n-10-b 2003 7.35 1.80 7.06 2.00 O-HL-u-sq-n-10-b 2007 7.68 1.63 7.42 1.81 Average 7.52 1.72 7.24 1.91 Spain Finding Measure Code Year Original (1 - 10) Scale (0 - 10) mean SD mean SD O-HL-u-sq-n-10-b 2003 7.82 1.67 7.58 1.86 O-HL-u-sq-n-10-b 2007 7.63 1.53 7.37 1.70 O-HL-u-sq-n-10-i 2008 7.63 1.63 7.37 1.81 Average 7.69 1.61 7.44 1.79 Sweden Finding Measure Code Year Original (1 - 10) Scale (0 - 10) mean SD mean SD O-HL-u-sq-n-10-b 2003 7.89 1.66 7.66 1.84 O-HL-u-sq-n-10-b 2007 8.18 1.61 7.98 1.79 Average 8.04 1.63 7.82 1.82 Türkiye Finding Measure Code Year Original (1 - 10) Scale (0 - 10) mean SD mean SD O-HL-u-sq-n-10-b 2003 6.46 2.47 6.07 2.74 O-HL-u-sq-n-10-b 2007 6.57 2.23 6.19 2.48 Average 6.52 2.35 6.13 2.61 United Kingdom Finding Measure Code Year Original (1 - 10) Scale (0 - 10) mean SD mean SD O-HL-u-sq-n-10-b 2003 7.71 1.82 7.46 2.02 O-HL-u-sq-n-10-e 2005 7.63 1.75 7.37 1.95 O-HL-u-sq-n-10-e 2006 7.75 1.70 7.50 1.89 O-HL-u-sq-n-10-b 2007 7.79 1.81 7.54 2.01 Average 7.72 1.77 7.47 1.97 United States of America Finding Measure Code Year Original (1 - 10) Scale (0 - 10) mean SD mean SD O-HL-g-sq-n-10-a 1960 8.44 1.62 8.27 1.80 Average 8.45 1.62 8.27 1.80