Correlational findings | World Database of Happiness

Study Timmermans (1997): study FI 1990

Public: 18+ aged, general public, Finland, 1990
Sample
Respondents: N = 588
Non Response
Assessment: Interview: face-to-face
Structured interview

Correlate

Authors's Label

Self-definition as religious

Our Classification

Operationalization

Single question: "Independently of wether you go to church or not, would you say you are....."
1   A convinced atheist
2   Not a religious person
3   A religious person

Observed Relation with Happiness

Happiness Measure

Statistics

Elaboration / Remarks

O-HL-u-sq-v-4-a

DM = +

DIFFERENCE of MEANS

Type: descriptive statistic only.
Measurement level: Correlate: dichotomous, Happiness: metric
Range: depending on the happiness rating scale of the author; range symmetric about zero.

Meaning: the difference of the mean happiness, as measured on the author's rating scale, between the two correlate levels.

1       M=2.92     Mt=6.4
2       M=3.10     Mt=7.0
3       M=3.12     Mt=7.1

O-SLW-c-sq-n-10-a

DM = +

DIFFERENCE of MEANS

1       M=7.15      Mt=6.8
2       M=7.61      Mt=7.3
3       M=7.83      Mt=7.6

A-BB-cm-mq-v-2-a

DM = +

DIFFERENCE of MEANS

1       M= .92      Mt=5.9
2       M=1.10      Mt=6.1
3       M=1.28      Mt=6.3

O-HL-u-sq-v-4-a

DM = +

DIFFERENCE of MEANS

1       M=3.19     Mt=7.3
2       M=3.24     Mt=7.5
3       M=3.31     Mt=7.7

O-SLW-c-sq-n-10-a

DM = +

DIFFERENCE of MEANS

1       M=7.18      Mt=6.9
2       M=7.30      Mt=7.0
3       M=7.62      Mt=7.4

A-BB-cm-mq-v-2-a

DM = +

DIFFERENCE of MEANS

1       M=1.57      Mt=6.6
2       M=1.54      Mt=6.5
3       M=1.76      Mt=6.8

O-HL-u-sq-v-4-a

r = +.04 ns

PRODUCT-MOMENT CORRELATION COEFFICIENT (Also "Pearson's correlation coefficient' or simply 'correlation coefficient')

Type: test statistic.
Measurement level: Correlate: metric, Happiness: metric
Range: [-1; +1]

Meaning:
r = 0  « no correlation ,
r = 1  « perfect correlation, where high correlate values correspond with high happiness values, and
r = -1  « perfect correlation, where high correlate values correspond with low happiness values.

O-SLW-c-sq-n-10-a

r = +.07 ns

PRODUCT-MOMENT CORRELATION COEFFICIENT (Also "Pearson's correlation coefficient' or simply 'correlation coefficient')

A-BB-cm-mq-v-2-a

r = +.05 ns

PRODUCT-MOMENT CORRELATION COEFFICIENT (Also "Pearson's correlation coefficient' or simply 'correlation coefficient')

O-HL-u-sq-v-4-a

r = +.06 p < .015

PRODUCT-MOMENT CORRELATION COEFFICIENT (Also "Pearson's correlation coefficient' or simply 'correlation coefficient')

O-SLW-c-sq-n-10-a

r = +.09 p < .001

PRODUCT-MOMENT CORRELATION COEFFICIENT (Also "Pearson's correlation coefficient' or simply 'correlation coefficient')

A-BB-cm-mq-v-2-a

r = +.05 p < .05

PRODUCT-MOMENT CORRELATION COEFFICIENT (Also "Pearson's correlation coefficient' or simply 'correlation coefficient')

O-HL-u-sq-v-4-a

tc = +.02 ns

KENDALL'S TAU-C (Also referred to as Stuart's tau-c)

Type: test statistic
Measurement level: Correlate: ordinal, Happiness: ordinal
Range: [-1; +1]

Meaning:
tc = 0 «  no rank correlation
tc = 1 «  perfect rank correlation, where high values of the correlate correspond
with high happiness ratings.
tc = -1 «  perfect rank correlation, where high values of the correlate correspond
with low happiness ratings.

O-SLW-c-sq-n-10-a

tc = +.04 ns

KENDALL'S TAU-C (Also referred to as Stuart's tau-c)

A-BB-cm-mq-v-2-a

tc = +.05 ns

KENDALL'S TAU-C (Also referred to as Stuart's tau-c)

O-HL-u-sq-v-4-a

tc = +.05 p < .001

KENDALL'S TAU-C (Also referred to as Stuart's tau-c)

O-SLW-c-sq-n-10-a

tc = +.09 p < .001

KENDALL'S TAU-C (Also referred to as Stuart's tau-c)

A-BB-cm-mq-v-2-a

tc = +.05 p < .01

KENDALL'S TAU-C (Also referred to as Stuart's tau-c)

O-HL-u-sq-v-4-a

Beta = +.04 ns

STANDARDIZED REGRESSION COEFFICIENT by LEAST SQUARES (OLS)

Type: test statistic.

Measurement level: Correlates: all metric, Happiness: metric.
Range: [-1 ; +1]

Meaning:
beta > 0  «  a higher correlate level corresponds to a higher happiness rating on average.
beta < 0  «  a higher correlate level corresponds to a higher happiness rating on average.
beta = 0  «   no correlation.
beta = + 1 or -1  «   perfect correlation.

ß controlled for sexe, age, and household income

O-SLW-c-sq-n-10-a

Beta = +.07 ns