Study Ryff (1989): study US 1984
- Public
- Adults, USA, 198?
- Sample
- Respondents
- N = 321
- Non Response
- Assessment
- Questionnaire: Paper & Pencil Interview (PAPI)
Correlate
- Authors's Label
- Environmental mastery
- Our Classification
-
-
- Error Estimates
- alpha=.90, Test-retest reliability between 6 week period (n=117)=.81
- Distribution
-
Young adults: women (m=88.28, sd=14.65), men (m=89.57, sd=11.67)
Middle aged adults: women (m=93.70, sd=15.66), men (m=96.16, sd=15.46)
Older adults: women (m=93.47, sd=16.25), men (m=97.39, sd=12.23) - Operationalization
- Self report on 16 positive and 16 negative statements. Each rated on a 6-point scale ranging from strongly agree to disagree.
High scorers have a sense of mastery and competence in managing the environment; control complex array of external activities; make effective use of surrounding opportunities; able to choose or create contexts suitable to personal needs and values.
Low scorers have difficulty managing everyday affairs; feel unable to change or improve surrounding context; are unaware of surrounding opportunities; lack sense of control over external world.