Correlational findings | World Database of Happiness

Study Timmermans (1997): study BG 1990

Public: 18+ aged, general public, Bulgaria, 1990
Sample
Respondents: N = 1034
Non Response
Assessment: Interview: face-to-face
Structured interview

Correlate

Authors's Label

Church-member or not

Our Classification

Operationalization

Single question: "Do you belong to a
religious denomination?"
0 No
1 Yes

Observed Relation with Happiness

Happiness Measure

Statistics

Elaboration / Remarks

O-HL-u-sq-v-4-a

DM = +

DIFFERENCE of MEANS

Type: descriptive statistic only.
Measurement level: Correlate: dichotomous, Happiness: metric
Range: depending on the happiness rating scale of the author; range symmetric about zero.

Meaning: the difference of the mean happiness, as measured on the author's rating scale, between the two correlate levels.

0 M=2.33 Mt=4.4
1 M=2.33 Mt=4.4

O-SLW-c-sq-n-10-a

DM = +

DIFFERENCE of MEANS

0 M=5.06 Mt=4.5
1 M=4.99 Mt=4.4

O-HL-u-sq-v-4-a

r = -.01 ns

PRODUCT-MOMENT CORRELATION COEFFICIENT (Also "Pearson's correlation coefficient' or simply 'correlation coefficient')

Type: test statistic.
Measurement level: Correlate: metric, Happiness: metric
Range: [-1; +1]

Meaning:
r = 0  « no correlation ,
r = 1  « perfect correlation, where high correlate values correspond with high happiness values, and
r = -1  « perfect correlation, where high correlate values correspond with low happiness values.

O-SLW-c-sq-n-10-a

r = -.01 ns

PRODUCT-MOMENT CORRELATION COEFFICIENT (Also "Pearson's correlation coefficient' or simply 'correlation coefficient')

O-HL-u-sq-v-4-a

tc = -.02 ns

KENDALL'S TAU-C (Also referred to as Stuart's tau-c)

Type: test statistic
Measurement level: Correlate: ordinal, Happiness: ordinal
Range: [-1; +1]

Meaning:
tc = 0 «  no rank correlation
tc = 1 «  perfect rank correlation, where high values of the correlate correspond
with high happiness ratings.
tc = -1 «  perfect rank correlation, where high values of the correlate correspond
with low happiness ratings.

O-SLW-c-sq-n-10-a

tc = -.02 ns

KENDALL'S TAU-C (Also referred to as Stuart's tau-c)

O-HL-u-sq-v-4-a

Beta = +.02 ns

STANDARDIZED REGRESSION COEFFICIENT by LEAST SQUARES (OLS)

Type: test statistic.

Measurement level: Correlates: all metric, Happiness: metric.
Range: [-1 ; +1]

Meaning:
beta > 0  «  a higher correlate level corresponds to a higher happiness rating on average.
beta < 0  «  a higher correlate level corresponds to a higher happiness rating on average.
beta = 0  «   no correlation.
beta = + 1 or -1  «   perfect correlation.

ß controlled for sex, age, and household income

O-SLW-c-sq-n-10-a

Beta = +.03 ns

STANDARDIZED REGRESSION COEFFICIENT by LEAST SQUARES (OLS)

ß controlled for sex, age, and household income