print

Correlational findings

Study Ugur (2019a): study ZZ OECD member states 1980

Public
18+ aged, general public 23 OECD countries.1980-2008
Survey name
EU-EVS
Sample
Respondents
N = 65044
Non Response
Assessment
Interview: face-to-face

Correlate

Authors's Label
Has children
Our Classification
Distribution
M = 0.70  Sd = 0.46
Related specification variables
Operationalization
1 Parents
0 Non-parents

Observed Relation with Happiness

Happiness Measure Statistics Elaboration / Remarks O-HL-u-sq-v-4-a DM = + p < .001 Parents              M = 3.13 SD = 0.67
Non-parents          M = 3.10 SD = 0.66
- difference:           +0.03 O-HL-u-sq-v-4-a b-fix = +.02 p < .01 O-SLW-c-sq-n-10-a DM = + p < .001 parents             M = 7.34 SD = 2.10
non-parents         M = 7.21 SD = 2.05
- difference:          +0.13 O-SLW-c-sq-n-10-a b-fix = +.07 p < .10 Fixed effects may not have removed all unobserved characterics that predispose to parenthood O-HL-u-sq-v-4-a b-iv = -.01 ns b-iv instrumented for family policy in nation/time, which became more generous over time. Assumed to capture causal effect of parenthood on happiness; at least among parents sensitive to family benifits

b-iv unaffected by
- gender
- age
- marital status
- employment
Moore negative in most recent wave (2008/9) O-SLW-c-sq-n-10-a b-iv = +.31 p < .10 b-iv unaffected by
- gender
- marital status

More positive among
- 50+ aged
More negative among
- full-time employed
- self-employed
- unemployed
- more recent wave (2008/9)

All b values controled for:
- personal chracteristics
  - gender
  - age, age squared
  - education
  - marital status
  - employment
  - religion
- country/year fixed effects