Study Gehring (2013): study ZZ World samples 1981
- Public:
- 18+ aged, 79 countries, 1981-2007
- Survey name:
- WorldValuesSurv 1-5
- Sample:
- Respondents:
- N = 200000
- Non Response:
- Assessment:
- Interview: face-to-face
Correlate
- Authors's label
- Freedom to trade internationally
- Our Classification
-
-
- Operationalization
- A: Tariffs
Aa: Revenue from trade taxes (% of trade sector)
Ab: Mean tariff rate
Ac: Standard deviation of tariff rates
B: Regulatory trade barriers
Ba: Non-tariff trade barriers
Bb: Compliance costs of importing and exporting
C: Black-market exchange rates
D: Controls of the movement of capital and people
Da: Foreign ownership/investment restrictions
Db: Capital controls
Dc: Freedom of foreigners to visit
Observed Relation with Happiness
b's control for:
- social trust
- belief in God
- investment price level
- log GDP per capita
- government share as a percentage of GDP
- regional dummies
- period dummies
b's are for autoregressive (1) random effects model. Similar coefficients are obtained for pooled OLS with robust SE, fixed effects model, and random effects model.