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Correlational findings

Study Gundelach & Kreiner (2004): study ZZ Western Europe 1999

Public
18 + aged, general public, 9 nations in Western Europe, 1999
Sample
Respondents
N = 10517
Non Response
Assessment
Interview: face-to-face
Iceland: face to face 74%; by phone 26% in remote areas.

Correlate

Authors's Label
Living in a stable relationship
Our Classification
Operationalization
Selfreport on single question:
Do you live in a stable relationship with a partner?
0  No
1  Yes

Observed Relation with Happiness

Happiness Measure Statistics Elaboration / Remarks O-HL-u-sq-v-4-a DM = +             Parter     No partner  Difference
            M    SD    M    SD     DM
Netherlands 3,53 0,54  3,07 0,62   +0,46
Denmark     3,50 0,54  3,15 0,65   +0,35
Iceland     3,57 0,52  3,11 0,58   +0,46
Belgium     3,48 0,52  3,01 0,74   +0,47  
Sweden      3,38 0,60  3,08 0,63   +0,30
Austria     3,32 0,63  3,06 0,69   +0,24
Finland     3,26 0,54  2,85 0,62   +0,41
W-Germany   3,11 0,58  2,86 0,63   +0,25
E-Germany   3,01 0,70  2,79 0,74   +0,22 O-HL-u-sq-v-4-a DM = Difference higher in nations where marriage is least seen as necessary for happiness.
- least   DM = +0.34
- most    DM = +0.09 O-HL-u-sq-v-4-a Gs = +.48 Gs controled for:
- country of residence
- perceived freedom and control over life O-SLW-c-sq-n-10-a Gs = >15 Happiness (above) captures more of variance than life-satisfaction