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Studies

Gruber & Mullainathan (2006): study US 1973

Publication

Author(s):
Gruber, J.; Mullainathan, S.
Title:
Do Cigarette Taxes Make Smokers Happier?
Source:
Ng, Y.K.;Ho, S.L.;Eds.: ''Happiness and Public Policy'', Palgrave Macmillan, 2006, UK, 109 - 146

Investigation

Public
16+ aged, United States of America, 1973 - 1998
Survey name
US-GSS
Sample
Probability multistage stratified area sample
Respondents
N = 36421
Non Response
Assessment
Interview: face-to-face

Happiness Measure(s) and Distributional Findings

Full text:
Self report on single question:

Taken all together, how would you say things are these days?   Would you say that you are....?
3  very happy
2  pretty happy
1  not too happy
Classification:
O-HL-c-sq-v-3-aa
Author's label:
Happiness
Page in publication:
113
Observed distribution
Frequencies
1: 12%,   2: 55%,   3: 32%   (total 99%)
Summary Statistics
On original range 1 - 3 On range 0-10
Mean:
2.20 7.23
SD:
0.64 1.65

Correlational Findings

Author's label Subject Description Finding Change tobacco tax rate in state Raise of tobacco tax in region Marital status Married state (compared to non-married states)
Widowed
Divorced or separated
Education Level of school-education
School dropout
Parents education Parents education Income Household income Race Ethnic status in the USA Number of children Number of children Employment status Current employment status
Full-time vs part-time
Not in labor force
Church attendance Participation in church