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Happiness Measures

Measures of Happiness: O-HL-c-sq-v-3-aa

Characteristics

Code:
O-HL-c-sq-v-3-aa
Focus:
Overall: Happiness in Life (O-HL)
Time frame:
currently (today, these days, presently) (c)
Mode:
1 question (sq)
Scale Type:
verbal scale (v)
Scale Range:
3

Description

Self report on single question:

Taken all together, how would you say things are these days?   Would you say that you are....?
3  very happy
2  pretty happy
1  not too happy

List of Studies Using this Measure

Study Population N Mean
Standard Deviation Roberts (1980): study US Alameda County, California 1974 Adults, general public, Alameda County, California, USA, 1974 N = 3119
Roberts (1980): study US Alameda County, California 1975 Adult, general public, Alameda County, California, USA, 1975 N = 657
Shin & Johnson (1978): study US 1975 Heads of households, Illinois, USA, 1975 N = 665
Campbell (1981): study US 1978 18+ aged, general public, USA, 1978 N = 3692
Mean
= 2.200
SD
= 0.600
 Glenn & Hoppe (1984): study US 1973 18+ aged whites, USA, 1973-78 N = 10
Spreitzer et al. (1975): study US 1973 18+ aged, general public, USA, 1973 N = 1500
Mean
= 2.230
SD
= 0.661
 Beiser (1974): study CA 1963 18+ aged, general public, Stirling County, Canada, 1963-1968 N = 112
Bradburn & Caplovitz (1965): study US Illinois 1962 /1 Adults, general public, 2 towns, prosperous and depressed, Illinois, USA, 1962/3 - 1962/10 N = 547
Mean
= 2.070
SD
= 0.636
 Brenner (1967): study US 1963 21+ aged, general public, USA, 1963 N = 1499
Mean
= 2.160
SD
= 0.677
 Brenner (1975a): study US Washington County, Maryland 1973 18+ aged, general public, Washington County, Maryland, USA, 1973-1974 N = 916
Mean
= 2.290
SD
= 0.571
 Glenn (1975): study US 1972 40-59 aged mothers, non-institutionalized, USA, 1972-73 N = 425
Eurobarometer (1975a): study GB 1975 15+ aged, general public, United Kingdom, 1975 N = 1317
Mean
= 1.949
SD
= 0.702
 Eurobarometer (1975a): study ZZ EU 9 1975 15+ aged, general public, EU 9 nations, 1975 N = 9605
Eurobarometer (1975a): study BE 1975 15+ aged, general public, Belgium, 1975 N = 1555
Mean
= 2.265
SD
= 0.632
 Eurobarometer (1975a): study DK 1975 15+ aged, general public, Denmark, 1975 N = 1039
Mean
= 2.280
SD
= 0.634
 Eurobarometer (1975a): study FR 1975 15+ aged, general public, France, 1975 N = 1196
Mean
= 1.888
SD
= 0.653
 Eurobarometer (1975a): study XZ Germany West 1975 15+ aged, general public, West Germany, 1975 N = 1039
Mean
= 1.895
SD
= 0.571
 Eurobarometer (1975a): study IT 1975 15+ aged, general public, Italy, 1975 N = 1043
Mean
= 1.612
SD
= 0.600
 Eurobarometer (1975a): study IE 1975 15+ aged, general public, Ireland, 1975 N = 999
Mean
= 1.870
SD
= 0.673
 Eurobarometer (1975a): study LU 1975 15+ aged, general public, Luxembourg, 1975 N = 324
Mean
= 2.032
SD
= 0.688
 Eurobarometer (1975a): study NL 1975 15+ aged, general public, The Netherlands, 1975 N = 1093
Mean
= 2.221
SD
= 0.619
 Phillips & Clancy (1971): study US Various places 1967 21+ aged general public, New England and Mid-Atlantic States, USA, 197? N = 404
Gurin et al. (1960): study US 1957 21+ aged, general public, USA,1957 N = 2460
Mean
= 2.240
SD
= 0.634
 Payne (1974): study GB 1972 Employed males, supervising jobs, England, 197? N = 192
Bradburn & Caplovitz (1965): study US Illinois 1962 Adult, general public, 4 towns, varying in economic prosperity, Illinois, USA, 1962 N = 2006
Veroff et al. (1981): study US 1976 21+ aged, general public, USA, 1976 N = 2264
Mean
= 2.240
SD
= 0.634
 Weingarten (1985): study US 1976 21+ aged whites, first married; divorced and remarried, USA, 1976 N = 1452
Palisi & Canning (1986): study US 1974 18+ aged, general public, USA, 1974-1982 N = 7542
Mean
= 2.380
SD
= 0.834
 Alexander (1969): study US 1964 Schizophrenic males non-hospitalized, Monroe County, New York, USA, 1964-65 N = 178
Mean
= 2.132
SD
= 0.578
 Alspach (1982): study US 1972 English speaking, 18+ aged women non-institutionalized, USA, 1972-78 N = 3996
Andrews & Withey (1976): study US 1973 /1 18+ aged, general public, USA, 1973/7 N = 222
Andrews & Withey (1976): study US 1972 /2 18+ aged, general public, USA, Nov 1972 N = 1072
Mean
= 2.110
SD
= 0.564
 Hynson (1975): study US 1973 60+ aged, general public, USA, 1973 N = 319
Keith (1985a): study US 1969 58-63 aged unmarried, followed 10 years, USA, 1969-1979 N = 1398
Marini (1976): study US 1963 Married persons, metropolitan areas, USA, 1963 N = 3934
Klassen et al. (1975): study US Kansas 1972 18+ aged, general public, Kansas City, USA, 1971-1972 N = 976
Kammann & Flett (1983a): study NZ 1980 /1 18+ aged, general public, Dunedin, New Zealand, 198? N = 112
Kammann & Flett (1983a): study NZ 1980 /3 18+ aged, general public, New Zealand, 198? N = 118
Harry (1976): study US 1973 18+ aged males, living with family, USA, 1973 N = 374
Dosch (1979): study US 1977 Parents, abusing and non-abusing, Oregon, USA, 197? N = 34
Nelson (1981): study US 1978 /1 Children, living with divorced mothers, Manitoba, USA, 1978 N = 31
Nock (1982): study US 1972 18+ aged, general public, USA, 1972-77 N = 8224
Palisi & Ransford (1987): study US 1972 18+ aged, general public, USA 1972-1983 N = 15320
Andrews & Withey (1976): study US 1972 /1 18+ aged, general public, USA, May 1972 N = 1297
Mean
= 2.180
SD
= 0.572
 Glenn & Weaver (1979): study US 1972 18-59 aged whites, non-institutionalized, USA, 1972-75 N = 4049
Glenn & Weaver (1981): study US 1973 /1 25-54 aged, general public, ,USA, 1973-1978 N = 3350
Herzog et al. (1982): study US 1971 25-97 aged, general public, USA, 1971-1978 N = 1500
McNamara & St.George (1978): study US 1971 18+ aged, general public, USA, 1971 N = 2164
Polit et al. (1980): study US 1975 Couples, white, middle/upper class, USA, 1975 N = 1074
Smith (1982): study US 1972 18+ aged, general public, USA, 1972-1980 N = 11997
Willits et al. (1978): study US 1946 Highschool pupils, rural area, followed 25 years, Pennsylvania, USA, 1946-71 N = 2081
Mean
= 2.330
 Nelson (1982): study US 1978 /2 Children, Winnipeg, Manitoba, U.S.A., 1978 N = 96
Rosenberg & Chelte (1980): study US 1975 18+ aged, general public, USA, 1975-1977 N = 1500
Glenn & McLanahan (1981): study US 1973 50+ aged, with no children under age 18 at home, USA,1973-78 N = 2465
Glenn & Weaver (1981a): study US 1973 Marrieds, USA, 1973-78 N = 9000
Lowenthal et al. (1975): study US 1969 People in transition, metropolis,USA, 1969 N = 216
Mean
= 2.300
 Sigelman (1981): study US 1974 18+ aged, general public, USA, 1974-76 N = 2650
Ward (1983): study US 1972 18+ aged, general public, USA, 1972-1977 N = 9035
Ward (1979): study US 1972 /1 25+ aged, general public, USA, 1972-1977 N = 7872
Yates et al. (1980): study US 1978 Cancer patients, estimated surv. 3 - 12 months, Vermont, USA, 1978 N = 52
Wright (1978): study US 1971 White married women, USA, 1971-76 N = 2541
Simmons et al. (1974): study US 1969 Signers of organ-donor cards (and controls), USA, 1969 N = 75
Simmons et al. (1977): study US 1970 Adult renal patients, followed before and after transplant, USA, 1970-73 N = 178
McLanahan & Adams (1989): study US 1957 21+ aged, general public, USA, 1957-1976 N = 4664
Mean
= 0.320
 Glenn & Kramer (1985): study US 1973 18+ aged whites, USA, 1973-82 N = 9704
Anderson et al. (1985): study US 1985 Couples, followed family therapy, USA, 1985-86 N = 94
Mean
= 1.700
 Bradburn (1969): study US 1963 21-60 aged, urban areas, USA, 1963 - 64 N = 2787
Mean
= 2.250
 Herzog et al. (1982): study US 1978 /1 25-97 aged, general public, USA, 1971-1978 N = 6918
Simmons et al. (1977): study US 1970 /1 Kidney donors followed before and after donation, USA, 1970-1973 N = 133
Thomas & Hughes (1986): study US 1972 18+ aged, general public, USA, 1972-85 N = 18000
Mean
= 2.140
 Mookherjee (1997): study US 1986 60+ aged, general public, USA 1982-91 N = 3049
Mean
= 2.230
SD
= 0.661
 Thoits & Hewitt (2001): study US 1986 25+ aged, general public, USA, 1986-1989 N = 2867
Mean
= 2.160
SD
= 0.630
 Watten et al. (1995): study NO 1990 Army recruits, Norway,199? N = 269
Mean
= 1.960
SD
= 0.600
 Evans et al. (1990): study US 1986 Patients with end-stage renal disease , USA, followed 11 month, 1986 N = 329
Mean
= 11.240
SD
= 3.130
 Sudman (1967): study US 1964 Adults, general public, USA, 1964 N = 2084
Easterlin (1974): study US 1946 /1 Adults, general public, USA, 1946-1970 N = 29143
Mean
= 2.340
SD
= 0.020
 Lepper (1998): study US California 1993 Retirees, Southern California, USA, followed 9 months199? N = 971
Mean
= 1.220
SD
= 0.580
 Goldberg et al. (1979): study US 1971 18+ aged, died within 1-4 years and matched controls, USA, 1971-76 N = 164
Ferree (1984): study US 1971 White married women, USA, 1971-76 N = 2541
Mean
= 1.700
 Lewis & Joseph (1996a): study GB 1993 Students, Northern Ireland, 1993 N = 63
Goldberg et al. (1980): study US Maryland 1971 18+ aged, general public, county, Maryland, USA 1971-1974 N = 640
Simmons et al. (1988): study US 1980 Renal patients, 1-year post transplant, USA 1980-84 N = 113
Mean
= 1.340
 Luechinger et al. (2008): study US 1976 Employees public and private sector, USA, 1976-2002. N = 19530
Wong (1985a): study US 1984 Working parents with children <16, USA, 1984 N = 651
Mean
= 1.840
 Baker et al. (2005): study US 1986 60+ aged, USA, followed 3 years 1986-1989 N = 1279
Mean
= 2.232
SD
= 0.639
 Uppal (2006): study CA 1991 Disabled, Canada, 1991 N = 24036
Mean
= 2.065
SD
= 0.584
 Napier & Jost (2008): study US 1974 Voters, USA, 1974 - 2004 N = 2536
Hanson & Sloane (1992): study US 1976 18+ aged, general public, USA, 1976-1989 N = 4509
DiTella & MacCulloch (2006): study US 1975 Adults, general public, USA, 1975-1997 N = 25000
Schwartz-Barcott & Schwartz (1990): study US 1972 18+ aged, general public, USA, 1972-1986 N = 19787
Mean
= 2.200
SD
= 0.650
 Easterlin (2001): study US 1994 Adults, general public, USA, 1994 N = 2627
Mean
= 2.160
SD
= 0.612
 Coleman & Antonucci (1983): study US 1976 40-59 aged women, USA, 1976 N = 389
Cheng & Furnham (2003a): study GB London 2003 Students, London, UK, 2003 N = 234
Mean
= 2.060
 Jackson & Gibson (1985): study US 1979 55+ aged blacks, USA, 1979-80 N = 544
Mean
= 2.400
 Alesina et al. (2004): study US 1981 Adults, general public, United States, 1981-1996 N = 19895
Mean
= 2.199
SD
= 0.622
 Alesina et al. (2004): study ZZ EU 12 1992 Adults, general public, EU 12 member states, 1975-1992 N = 104000
Taylor (2008): study US 2008 18+ aged, general public, USA, 2008 N = 2260
Mean
= 2.170
 Taylor (2008): study US 1972 18+ aged, general public, USA, 1972-2008 N = 20000
Taylor (2008): study US 2005 18+ aged, general public, USA, 2008 N = 5264
Ferriss (2002): study US 1972 18 + aged, general public, United States, 1972-1996 N = 34706
Mean
= 2.201
SD
= 0.635
 Aldous & Ganey (1999): study US 1972 18+ aged, general public, USA, 1972-1993 N = 101630
Mean
= 2.100
 Ferriss (2002a): study US 1996 18+ aged, general public, USA, 1966 N = 2544
Mean
= 2.180
SD
= 0.620
 Levin & Taylor (1998): study US 1979 18+ aged Blacks, USA, followed 1979 to 1992 N = 1988
Mean
= 2.100
SD
= 0.660
 DeJong et al. (1984): study US 1947 Rural-reared married women, Pennsylvania, USA, followed 1947-1971 N = 812
Mean
= 245.000
 Saad (2004a): study US 2003 /1 18+ aged, USA, 2003 N = 1004
Orden & Bradburn (1968): study US 1963 Married people,USA, metropolitan areas, 1963-1965 N = 1738
Wilson et al. (1975): study US 1973 18+ aged, USA N = 1500
Cutler (1976): study US 1974 65+, aged, USA,1974-1975 N = 438
Mean
= 1.690
SD
= 0.659
 Smith (1979): study US 1957 Adults, age range not reported, general public, United States, 1957 N = 2451
Mean
= 2.240
SD
= 0.634
 Smith (1979): study US 1963 Adults, age range not reported, general public, United States, 1963 N = 1501
Mean
= 2.150
SD
= 0.684
 Smith (1979): study US 1964 Adults, age range not reported, general public, United States, 1964 N = 1489
Mean
= 2.240
SD
= 0.680
 Smith (1979): study US 1964 /1 Adults, age range not reported, general public, United States, 1964 N = 1966
Mean
= 2.260
SD
= 0.642
 Smith (1979): study US 1965 Adults, age range not reported, general public, United States, 1965 N = 1468
Mean
= 2.130
SD
= 0.673
 Smith (1979): study US 1971 Adults, age range not reported, general public, United States, 1971 N = 2147
Mean
= 2.190
SD
= 0.595
 Smith (1979): study US 1972 Adults, general public, United States, 1972 N = 254
Mean
= 2.190
SD
= 0.560
 Smith (1979): study US 1972 /2 Adults, general public, United States, 1972 N = 1459
Mean
= 2.130
SD
= 0.627
 Rodgers & Converse (1975): study US 1972 Adults, age range not reported, general public, United States, 1972 N = 947
Mean
= 2.120
SD
= 0.553
 Cummins et al. (2003c): study US 1972 18+ aged, general public, United States, 1972 N = 1613
Mean
= 2.126
SD
= 0.673
 Campbell (1981): study US 1972 Adults, age range not reported, general public, United States, 1972 N = 2369
Mean
= 2.140
SD
= 0.566
 Smith (1979): study US 1972 /1 Adults, general public, United States, 1972 N = 1056
Mean
= 2.110
SD
= 0.564
 General Social Survey (2011): study US 1973 18+ aged, general public, United States, 1973 N = 1504
Mean
= 2.244
SD
= 0.657
 Smith (1979): study US 1973 16+ aged, general public, United States, 1973 N = 723
Mean
= 2.200
SD
= 0.648
 Smith (1979): study US 1973 /1 16+ aged, general public, United States, 1973 N = 647
Mean
= 2.210
SD
= 0.637
 Smith (1979): study US 1973 /2 16+ aged, general public, United States, 1973 N = 642
Mean
= 2.160
SD
= 0.689
 Smith (1979): study US 1973 /3 16+ aged, general public, United States, 1973 N = 615
Mean
= 2.110
SD
= 0.677
 Smith (1979): study US 1973 /4 16+ aged, general public, United States, 1973 N = 639
Mean
= 2.120
SD
= 0.697
 Smith (1979): study US 1973 /5 16+ aged, general public, United States, 1973 N = 630
Mean
= 2.130
SD
= 0.658
 Smith (1979): study US 1973 /7 16+ aged, general public, United States, 1973 N = 696
Mean
= 2.130
SD
= 0.658
 General Social Survey (2011): study US 1974 18+ aged, general public, United States, 1974 N = 1484
Mean
= 2.258
SD
= 0.665
 Smith (1979): study US 1974 16+ aged, general public, United States, 1974 N = 696
Mean
= 2.090
SD
= 0.665
 Smith (1979): study US 1974 /1 16+ aged, general public, United States, 1974 N = 692
Mean
= 2.030
SD
= 0.655
 Smith (1979): study US 1974 /2 18+ aged, general public, United States, 1974 N = 1496
Mean
= 2.250
SD
= 0.669
 Smith (1979): study US 1974 /3 16+ aged, general public, United States, 1974 N = 610
Mean
= 2.130
SD
= 0.643
 Smith (1979): study US 1974 /4 16+ aged, general public, United States, 1974 N = 656
Mean
= 2.210
SD
= 0.637
 General Social Survey (2011): study US 1975 18+ aged, general public, United States, 1975 N = 1490
Mean
= 2.205
SD
= 0.650
 Smith (1979): study US 1975 Adults, age range not reported, general public, United States, 1975 N = 581
Mean
= 2.140
SD
= 0.693
 General Social Survey (2011): study US 1976 18+ aged, general public, United States, 1976 N = 1499
Mean
= 2.226
SD
= 0.648
 Campbell (1981): study US 1976 Adults, age range not reported, general public, United States, 1976 N = 2369
Mean
= 2.140
SD
= 0.566
 Smith (1979): study US 1976 Adults, age range not reported, general public, United States, 1976 N = 1520
Mean
= 2.180
SD
= 0.606
 Smith (1979): study US 1976 /1 Adults, age range not reported, general public, United States, 1976 N = 2207
Mean
= 2.200
SD
= 0.616
 Smith (1979): study US 1976 /2 Adults, age range not reported, general public, United States, 1976 N = 1317
Mean
= 2.240
SD
= 0.650
 General Social Survey (2011): study US 1977 18+ aged, general public, United States, 1977 N = 1530
Mean
= 2.247
SD
= 0.637
 General Social Survey (2011): study US 1978 18+ aged, general public, United States, 1978 N = 1533
Mean
= 2.266
SD
= 0.592
 General Social Survey (2011): study US 1980 18+ aged, general public, United States, 1980 N = 1469
Mean
= 2.239
SD
= 0.650
 General Social Survey (2011): study US 1982 18+ aged, general public, United States, 1982 N = 1862
Mean
= 2.230
SD
= 0.641
 General Social Survey (2011): study US 1983 18+ aged, general public, United States, 1983 N = 1619
Mean
= 2.191
SD
= 0.637
 General Social Survey (2011): study US 1984 18+ aged, general public, United States, 1984 N = 1455
Mean
= 2.237
SD
= 0.650
 General Social Survey (2011): study US 1985 18+ aged, general public, United States, 1985 N = 1545
Mean
= 2.191
SD
= 0.601
 General Social Survey (2011): study US 1986 18+ aged, general public, United States, 1986 N = 1470
Mean
= 2.231
SD
= 0.617
 General Social Survey (2011): study US 1987 18+ aged, general public, United States, 1987 N = 1825
Mean
= 2.223
SD
= 0.632
 General Social Survey (2011): study US 1988 18+ aged, general public, United States, 1988 N = 1481
Mean
= 2.278
SD
= 0.605
 General Social Survey (2011): study US 1989 18+ aged, general public, United States, 1989 N = 1537
Mean
= 2.258
SD
= 0.605
 Shin (1986): study KR 1980 /1 18+ aged, general public, Korea,(South), 1980 N = 1500
Mean
= 1.810
SD
= 0.611
 Cushing (1987): study AU 1984 /1 Adults, age range not reported, general public, Australia, 1984 N = 3012
Mean
= 2.260
SD
= 0.559
 Eurobarometer (2004b): study DK 1975 15+ aged, general public, Denmark, 1975 N = 1073
Mean
= 2.360
SD
= 0.584
 Eurobarometer (2004b): study DK 1982 15+ aged, general public, Denmark, 1982 N = 995
Mean
= 2.082
SD
= 0.716
 Eurobarometer (2004b): study DK 1983 15+ aged, general public, Denmark, 1983 N = 1027
Mean
= 2.171
SD
= 0.650
 Eurobarometer (2004b): study DK 1983 /1 15+ aged, general public, Denmark, 1983 N = 1000
Mean
= 2.248
SD
= 0.675
 Eurobarometer (1986): study DK 1984 /1 15+ aged, general public, Denmark, 1984 N = 990
Mean
= 2.240
SD
= 0.654
 Eurobarometer (1986): study DK 1985 /1 15+ aged, general public, Denmark, 1985 N = 995
Mean
= 2.270
SD
= 0.637
 Eurobarometer (1986): study DK 1986 15+ aged, general public, Denmark, 1986 N = 1043
Mean
= 2.280
SD
= 0.654
 Eurobarometer (1991): study DK 1986 15+ aged, general public, Denmark, 1986 N = 997
Mean
= 2.130
SD
= 0.684
 General Social Survey (2011): study US 1990 18+ aged, general public, United States, 1990 N = 1372
Mean
= 2.280
SD
= 0.597
 General Social Survey (2011): study US 1991 18+ aged, general public, United States, 1991 N = 1517
Mean
= 2.231
SD
= 0.606
 General Social Survey (2011): study US 1993 18+ aged, general public, United States, 1993 N = 1606
Mean
= 2.237
SD
= 0.613
 General Social Survey (2011): study US 1994 18+ aged, general public, United States, 1994 N = 2992
Mean
= 2.193
SD
= 0.617
 General Social Survey (2011): study US 1996 18+ aged, general public, United States, 1996 N = 2904
Mean
= 2.215
SD
= 0.617
 General Social Survey (2011): study US 1998 18+ aged, general public, United States, 1998 N = 2832
Mean
= 2.224
SD
= 0.626
 Czapinski (2003): study PL 1991 18+ aged, general public, Poland, 1991 N = 4187
Mean
= 1.684
SD
= 0.539
 Czapinski (2003): study PL 1992 16+ aged, general public, Poland, 1992 N = 3402
Mean
= 1.615
SD
= 0.556
 Czapinski (2003): study PL 1994 16+ aged, general public, Poland, 1994 N = 2304
Mean
= 1.728
SD
= 0.535
 Czapinski (2003): study PL 1995 16+ aged, general public, Poland, 1995 N = 3020
Mean
= 1.698
SD
= 0.559
 Czapinski (2003): study PL 1996 16+ aged, general public, Poland, 1996 N = 2333
Mean
= 1.741
SD
= 0.566
 Czapinski (2003): study PL 1997 16+ aged, general public, Poland, 1997 N = 2094
Mean
= 1.791
SD
= 0.540
 Czapinski (2003): study PL 2000 16+ aged, general public, Poland, 2000 N = 6403
Mean
= 1.698
SD
= 0.561
 Czapinski (1993): study PL 1993 18+ aged, general public, Poland, 1993 N = 2340
Mean
= 1.630
SD
= 0.561
 General Social Survey (2011): study US 2000 18+ aged, general public, United States, 2000 N = 2817
Mean
= 2.243
SD
= 0.613
 General Social Survey (2011): study US 2002 18+ aged, general public, United States, 2002 N = 2765
Mean
= 2.215
SD
= 0.629
 General Social Survey (2011): study US 2004 18+ aged, general public, United States, 2004 N = 2812
Mean
= 2.219
SD
= 0.636
 DDB lifestyle survey (2000): study US 2006 18+ aged, general public, United States, 2006 N = 4510
Mean
= 2.206
SD
= 0.631
 Czapinski & Panek (2007): study PL 1991 16+ aged, general public, Poland, 1991 N = 4187
Mean
= 1.684
SD
= 0.539
 Czapinski & Panek (2007): study PL 1992 16+ aged, general public, Poland, 1992 N = 3402
Mean
= 1.615
SD
= 0.556
 Czapinski & Panek (2007): study PL 1994 16+ aged, general public, Poland, 1994 N = 2302
Mean
= 1.728
SD
= 0.535
 Czapinski & Panek (2007): study PL 1996 16+ aged, general public, Poland, 1996 N = 2333
Mean
= 1.741
SD
= 0.566
 Czapinski & Panek (2007): study PL 1997 16+ aged, general public, Poland, 1997 N = 2094
Mean
= 1.791
SD
= 0.540
 Czapinski & Panek (2007): study PL 1995 16+ aged, general public, Poland, 1995 N = 3020
Mean
= 1.699
SD
= 0.559
 Czapinski & Panek (2007): study PL 2000 16+ aged, general public, Poland, 2000 N = 6403
Mean
= 1.698
SD
= 0.561
 Berg (2010): study US Alabama 1990 18+ aged, general public, Alabama region, United States, 1990 N = 1025
Mean
= 2.225
SD
= 0.641
 Berg (2010): study US Alaska 1990 18+ aged, general public, Alaska region, United States, 1990 N = 162
Mean
= 2.259
SD
= 0.643
 Berg (2010): study US Arizona 1990 18+ aged, general public, Arizona region, United States, 1990 N = 1980
Mean
= 2.172
SD
= 0.623
 Berg (2010): study US Arkansas 1990 18+ aged, general public, Arkansas region, United States, 1990 N = 1416
Mean
= 2.169
SD
= 0.642
 Berg (2010): study US California 1990 18+ aged, general public, California region, United States, 1990 N = 21635
Mean
= 2.186
SD
= 0.646
 Berg (2010): study US Colorado 1990 18+ aged, general public, Colorado region, United States, 1990 N = 6660
Mean
= 2.214
SD
= 0.621
 Berg (2010): study US Connecticut 1990 18+ aged, general public, Connecticut region, United States, 1990 N = 4893
Mean
= 2.210
SD
= 0.620
 Berg (2010): study US Delaware 1990 18+ aged, general public, Delaware region, United States, 1990 N = 872
Mean
= 2.146
SD
= 0.556
 Berg (2010): study US Florida 1990 18+ aged, general public, Florida region, United States, 1990 N = 17442
Mean
= 2.202
SD
= 0.661
 Berg (2010): study US Georgia 1990 18+ aged, general public, Georgia region, United States, 1990 N = 12350
Mean
= 2.247
SD
= 0.629
 Berg (2010): study US Hawaii 1990 18+ aged, general public, Hawaii region, United States, 1990 N = 429
Mean
= 2.128
SD
= 0.515
 Berg (2010): study US Idaho 1990 18+ aged, general public, Idaho region, United States, 1990 N = 2040
Mean
= 2.253
SD
= 0.633
 Berg (2010): study US Illinois 1990 18+ aged, general public, Illinois region, United States, 1990 N = 23205
Mean
= 2.181
SD
= 0.644
 Berg (2010): study US Indiana 1990 18+ aged, general public, Indiana region, United States, 1990 N = 14154
Mean
= 2.156
SD
= 0.608
 Berg (2010): study US Iowa 1990 18+ aged, general public, Iowa region, United States, 1990 N = 5655
Mean
= 2.262
SD
= 0.598
 Berg (2010): study US Kansas 1990 18+ aged, general public, Kansas region, United States, 1990 N = 8992
Mean
= 2.258
SD
= 0.584
 Berg (2010): study US Kentucky 1990 18+ aged, general public, Kentucky region, United States, 1990 N = 5559
Mean
= 2.260
SD
= 0.633
 Berg (2010): study US Louisiana 1990 18+ aged, general public, Louisiana region, United States, 1990 N = 11106
Mean
= 2.172
SD
= 0.656
 Berg (2010): study US Maine 1990 18+ aged, general public, Maine region, United States, 1990 N = 836
Mean
= 2.091
SD
= 0.668
 Berg (2010): study US Maryland 1990 18+ aged, general public, Maryland region, United States, 1990 N = 13660
Mean
= 2.094
SD
= 0.622
 Berg (2010): study US Massachusetts 1990 18+ aged, general public, Massachusetts region, United States, 1990 N = 19173
Mean
= 2.230
SD
= 0.606
 Berg (2010): study US Michigan 1990 18+ aged, general public, Michigan region, United States, 1990 N = 48906
Mean
= 2.211
SD
= 0.626
 Berg (2010): study US Minnesota 1990 18+ aged, general public, Minnesota region, United States, 1990 N = 20171
Mean
= 2.266
SD
= 0.593
 Berg (2010): study US Missisippi 1990 18+ aged, general public, Missisippi region, United States, 1990 N = 7368
Mean
= 2.134
SD
= 0.629
 Berg (2010): study US Missouri 1990 18+ aged, general public, Missouri region, United States, 1990 N = 29350
Mean
= 2.184
SD
= 0.612
 Berg (2010): study US Montana 1990 18+ aged, general public, Montana region, United States, 1990 N = 5876
Mean
= 2.187
SD
= 0.588
 Berg (2010): study US NewHampshire 1990 18+ aged, general public, NewHampshire, United States, 1990 N = 4872
Mean
= 2.315
SD
= 0.579
 Berg (2010): study US NewMexico 1990 18+ aged, general public, NewMexico, United States, 1990 N = 1426
Mean
= 2.239
SD
= 0.632
 Berg (2010): study US NewYork 1990 18+ aged, general public, NewYork, United States, 1990 N = 100608
Mean
= 2.135
SD
= 0.633
 Berg (2010): study US NorthCarolina 1990 18+ aged, general public, NorthCarolina, United States, 1990 N = 53295
Mean
= 2.233
SD
= 0.659
 Berg (2010): study US NorthDakota 1990 18+ aged, general public, NorthDakota, United States, 1990 N = 10914
Mean
= 2.265
SD
= 0.524
 Berg (2010): study US Ohio 1990 18+ aged, general public, Ohio, United States, 1990 N = 77805
Mean
= 2.193
SD
= 0.645
 Berg (2010): study US Oklahoma 1990 18+ aged, general public, Oklahoma, United States, 1990 N = 19080
Mean
= 2.214
SD
= 0.648
 Berg (2010): study US Oregon 1990 18+ aged, general public, Oregon, United States, 1990 N = 21904
Mean
= 2.198
SD
= 0.575
 Berg (2010): study US Pennsylvania 1990 18+ aged, general public, Pennsylvania, United States, 1990 N = 82308
Mean
= 2.155
SD
= 0.644
 Berg (2010): study US RhodeIsland 1990 18+ aged, general public, RhodeIsland, United States, 1990 N = 5694
Mean
= 2.205
SD
= 0.596
 Berg (2010): study US SouthCarolina 1990 18+ aged, general public, SouthCarolina, United States, 1990 N = 25120
Mean
= 2.222
SD
= 0.649
 Berg (2010): study US SouthDakota 1990 18+ aged, general public, SouthDakota, United States, 1990 N = 3854
Mean
= 2.213
SD
= 0.581
 Berg (2010): study US Tennessee 1990 18+ aged, general public, Tennessee, United States, 1990 N = 56742
Mean
= 2.255
SD
= 0.637
 Berg (2010): study US Texas 1990 18+ aged, general public, Texas, United States, 1990 N = 110467
Mean
= 2.214
SD
= 0.625
 Berg (2010): study US Utah 1990 18+ aged, general public, Utah, United States, 1990 N = 8360
Mean
= 2.368
SD
= 0.590
 Berg (2010): study US Vermont 1990 18+ aged, general public, Vermont, United States, 1990 N = 7065
Mean
= 2.267
SD
= 0.601
 Berg (2010): study US Virginia 1990 18+ aged, general public, Virginia, United States, 1990 N = 74014
Mean
= 2.239
SD
= 0.626
 Berg (2010): study US Washington 1990 18+ aged, general public, Washington, United States, 1990 N = 38587
Mean
= 2.207
SD
= 0.637
 Berg (2010): study US WestVirginia 1990 18+ aged, general public, WestVirginia, United States, 1990 N = 27804
Mean
= 2.220
SD
= 0.688
 Berg (2010): study US Wisconsin 1990 18+ aged, general public, Wisconsin, United States, 1990 N = 57624
Mean
= 2.211
SD
= 0.612
 Berg (2010): study US Wyoming 1990 18+ aged, general public, Wyoming, United States, 1990 N = 10100
Mean
= 2.208
SD
= 0.550
 Berg (2010): study US NewJersey 1990 18+ aged, general public, NewJersey, United States, 1990 N = 42300
Mean
= 2.170
SD
= 0.640
 Berg (2010): study US Washington DC 1990 18+ aged, general public, Washington DC region, United States, 1990 N = 4845
Mean
= 2.253
SD
= 0.632
 General Social Survey (2011): study US 2008 18+ aged, general public, United States, 2008 N = 2023
Mean
= 2.177
SD
= 0.652
 General Social Survey (2011): study US 2010 18+ aged, general public, United States, 2010 N = 2044
Mean
= 2.108
SD
= 0.638
 Chiriboga (1975): study US 1969 People in transition, metropolis, USA, 1969 N = 216
Mookherjee (1998): study US 1991 60+aged, metropolitian areas, USA, 1982-1991 N = 2739
Mean
= 2.230
SD
= 0.661
 Pearson-Scott (1978): study US NorthCarolina 1976 65+ aged rural area, United States, 1976-77 N = 407
Mean
= 2.210
SD
= 0.765
 Glancy et al. (1986): study US 1947 High school pupils, rural area Pensylvania USA, followed 1947-1971 N = 1521
Weaver (1978): study US 1978 18+ aged, full time employed, white and married, USA, 1973-1976 N = 1652
Okulicz-Kozaryn (2011a): study ZZ 1996 15+ aged, general public, the U.S. and Western Europe, 1996-2002 N = 11630
Fischer (2008): study US 1972 18+ aged, general public, United States, 1972-2004 N = 48000
Graham (2005): study US 1972 18+ aged, general public, United States, 1972-98 N = 24128
Sander (2011): study US 2000 /1 25+ aged general public, United States, 2000-2006 N = 6563
Sander (2011): study US 2000 25+ aged general public, United States, 2000-2008 N = 8500
Franz & McClelland (1994a): study US 1977 46 of 116 children from child- rearing studies born in 1946 at age 31 years classified as participants in protest movement of the 1960th, United states, white, American N = 116
Guillen-Royo (2008): study PE 2004 General public, 7 poor communities, Peru, 2005 N = 399
Mean
= 1.924
SD
= 0.557
 Rossi & Weber (1996): study US 1988 /1 18+ aged, general public, United States, 1988-1993 N = 1500
Serpa Barros de Moura & De Losso da Silveira Beuno (2013): study BR São Paulo 2007 18+ aged, illigal land occupants, followed 18 months after legalization, Brazil 2007-2008 N = 326
Alston & Knapp (1974): study US 1972 adults, general population, USA, 1972 N = 2000
Chayko (1993): study US 1988 18+ aged, general public, USA, 1988 N = 967
Mean
= 2.030
 Alston et al. (1976): study US 1973 White couples USA 1973-1975 N = 2840
Mean
= 2.350
 Borgatta & Foss (1979): study US 1972 18+ general public USA 1972-1978 N = 10652
Borgatta & Foss (1979a): study US 1972 18+ general public USA 1972-1978 N = 11256
Cheng & Furnham (2003a): study GB London 2001 Students. London, UK, 2001 N = 234
Mean
= 2.065
SD
= 0.536
 Antonucci et al. (1998): study US 1980 50-95 aged, married, with children, USA,1980 N = 366
Mean
= 2.160
 Levinson (2011): study US 1984 15+ aged, general public, United States, 1984-1996 N = 6035
Mean
= 2.170
SD
= 0.630
 Antonucci et al. (1998): study US 1980 /1 Marrieds with children, Michigan, USA, 1980 N = 366
Mean
= 2.170
 Pischke (2011): study US 1972 20-64 aged couples, USA, 1972-2006 N = 12121
Layard et al. (2009): study US 1972 30-55 aged white males, United States, 1972-2006 N = 14836
Roberts et al. (1983): study US 1983 Patients health centers, United States, 1983 N = 148
Easterlin (2005c): study US 1972 18+ aged general public, USA, 1972-2000 N = 46000
Borgatta et al. (1982): study US 1978 /1 18+aged general public, USA 1978-80 N = 2994
Bock & Radelet (1988): study US 1973 18+aged, white population, USA 1973-1974 N = 5683
Tsai (2015): study TW 2005 /1 17+ aged, general public, Taiwan, 2005 N = 1734
Mean
= 2.238
SD
= 0.609
 Tsai (2015): study TW 2010 17+ aged, general public, Taiwan, 2010 N = 1535
Mean
= 2.182
SD
= 0.628
 Ferree (1984): study US 1971 /1 Female, United States of America, 1971-76 N = 1396
Roberts et al. (1983): study US 1983 /1 13+ aged, patients of urban public health center, USA, 1983 N = 148
Bertrand (2013): study US 1972 25-54 aged college-educated women,USA, 1972-2010 N = 3599
Mean
= 2.310
SD
= 0.590
 Blanchflower & Oswald (2017): study US 1972 18+ aged, general public, United States of America, 1972-2014 N = 54532
Blanchflower & Oswald (2017): study ZZ Various nation sets 2012 Adults, age range not reported, general public, 41 nations, 2012 N = 59156
Ludwig et al. (2012): study US 2005 Recipients of housing subsidy, followed 10-15 years, 5 cities USA, 2005-2009 N = 3273
Hodge & Shankar (2016): study US 1972 General Public, USA, 1972-2010 N = 44553
Flavin (2018): study US 1976 18+ aged, general public, , 1976 - 2006 N = 26007
Mean
= 2.190
SD
= 0.630
 Robinson & Martin (2008): study US 1972 /1 18+ aged, general public, USA, 1972-2006 N = 5005
Myers & Diener (2018): study US 1972 general public, U.S.A., 1972-2014 N = 57226
Gruber & Mullainathan (2006): study US 1973 16+ aged, United States of America, 1973 - 1998 N = 36421
Mean
= 2.202
SD
= 0.635
 Carleton & Kelly (2016): study US 2006 Working population, USA, 2006-2014 N = 3611
Mean
= 2.180
 Hatch & Stull (1986): study US 1969 58-63 aged married, followed 6 years, USA, 1969-1975 N = 11153
Stull (1988): study US 1975 58-63 aged married, followed 2 years, USA, 1975-1979 N = 300
Easterlin (2002a): study US 1972 50+ aged, USA, followed 26 years 1972-1998 N = 9432
Mean
= 2.226
SD
= 0.656
 Ifcher & Zarghamee (2014): study US 1972 18-45 aged, USA 1972-2008 N = 26005
Mean
= 2.211
SD
= 0.615
 Ifcher (2011): study US 1988 Childbearing aged, USA, 1988 - 2006 N = 15713
Mean
= 2.190
SD
= 0.005
 Blanchflower & Clark (2021): study US 1972 18+ aged, general public, USA 1972 - 2018 N = 595750