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Nations

Distributional Findings on Happiness by measure type and by year in the general public of Belgium (BE)

3-step verbal Happiness (111B)

Typical text:
In general, how happy would you say you are?:
- very happy
- fairly happy
- not very happy
very = 3...not very = 1
Finding Measure Code Year Original (1 - 3) Scale (0 - 10) mean SD mean SD O-HL-c-sq-v-3-ai 1975 2.26 0.63 7.27 1.68 O-HL-c-sq-v-3-ai 1976 2.25 0.63 7.25 1.69 O-HL-c-sq-v-3-ai 1976 2.22 0.59 7.16 1.59 O-HL-c-sq-v-3-ai 1977 2.36 0.64 7.53 1.71 O-HL-c-sq-v-3-ai 1978 2.24 0.64 7.21 1.70 O-HL-c-sq-v-3-ai 1978 2.28 0.68 7.33 1.80 O-HL-c-sq-v-3-ai 1979 2.39 0.60 7.62 1.63 O-HL-c-sq-v-3-ai 1982 2.14 0.61 6.93 1.62 O-HL-c-sq-v-3-ai 1983 2.20 0.59 7.11 1.59 O-HL-c-sq-v-3-ai 1983 2.20 0.59 7.11 1.57 O-HL-c-sq-v-3-ai 1984 2.08 0.60 6.79 1.58 O-HL-c-sq-v-3-ai 1985 2.10 0.60 6.84 1.58 O-HL-c-sq-v-3-ai 1986 2.18 0.59 7.03 1.58 O-HL-c-sq-v-3-ai 1986 2.07 0.61 6.76 1.60 Average 2.21 0.61 7.14 1.64

4-step verbal Happiness (111C)

Typical text:
Taking all things together, would you say you are?:
- very happy
- quite happy
- not very happy
- not at all happy
very = 4 ......not at all = 1
Finding Measure Code Year Original (1 - 4) Scale (0 - 10) mean SD mean SD O-HL-u-sq-v-4-a 1981 3.28 0.59 7.70 1.48 O-HL-u-sq-v-4-a 1990 3.31 0.65 7.74 1.66 O-HL-u-sq-v-4-a 1999 3.33 0.67 7.78 1.73 O-HL-u-sq-v-4-a 2006 3.33 0.61 8.47 1.51 Average 3.31 0.63 7.92 1.59

7-step verbal Happiness (111F)

Typical text:
Considering your life as a whole, would you describe it as
- very unhappy
- unhappy
- mixed
- happy
- very happy
very happy = 7 .... very unhappy = 1
Finding Measure Code Year Original (1 - 7) Scale (0 - 10) mean SD mean SD O-HL-g-sq-v-7-a 2002 5.20 0.90 7.25 1.85 Average 5.20 0.90 7.25 1.85

10-step numeral Happiness (112F)

Typical text:
Taking all things together on a scale of one to ten, how hapy would you say you are?
1 very unhappy
:
10 very happy
Finding Measure Code Year Original (1 - 10) Scale (0 - 10) mean SD mean SD O-HL-u-sq-n-10-b 2003 7.74 1.49 7.49 1.66 O-HL-u-sq-n-10-b 2007 7.80 1.53 7.56 1.70 Average 7.77 1.51 7.52 1.68

11-step numeral Happiness (112G)

Typical text:
Generally speaking, how happy do you feel?
10 extremely happy
:
0 extremely unhappy
Finding Measure Code Year Original (0 - 10) Scale (0 - 10) mean SD mean SD O-HL-u-sq-n-11-a 2002 7.76 1.63 7.76 1.63 O-HL-u-sq-n-11-a 2004 7.75 1.52 7.75 1.52 O-HL-u-sq-n-11-a 2006 7.67 1.58 7.67 1.58 O-HL-u-sq-n-11-a 2008 7.65 1.60 7.65 1.60 O-HL-u-sq-n-11-a 2010 7.83 1.43 7.83 1.43 O-HL-u-sq-n-11-a 2012 7.69 1.53 7.69 1.53 O-HL-u-sq-n-11-a 2014 7.75 1.45 7.75 1.45 O-HL-u-sq-n-11-a 2016 7.75 1.47 7.75 1.47 O-HL-u-sq-n-11-a 2018 7.81 1.44 7.81 1.44 Average 7.74 1.52 7.74 1.52

4-step verbal LifeSatisfaction (121C)

Typical text:
How satisfied are you with the life you lead?
- very satisfied
- fairly satisfied
- not very satisfied
- not at all satisfied
very = 4 ....... not at all = 1
Finding Measure Code Year Original (1 - 4) Scale (0 - 10) mean SD mean SD O-SLL-u-sq-v-4-b 1973 3.38 0.65 7.57 1.80 O-SLL-u-sq-v-4-b 1975 3.30 0.65 7.36 1.80 O-SLL-u-sq-v-4-b 1975 3.21 0.75 7.09 2.06 O-SLL-u-sq-v-4-b 1976 3.23 0.72 7.16 1.98 O-SLL-u-sq-v-4-b 1976 3.30 0.67 7.36 1.85 O-SLL-u-sq-v-4-b 1977 3.26 0.68 7.23 1.89 O-SLL-u-sq-v-4-b 1977 3.36 0.72 7.51 1.97 O-SLL-u-sq-v-4-b 1978 3.25 0.70 7.20 1.94 O-SLL-u-sq-v-4-b 1978 3.34 0.71 7.47 1.97 O-SLL-u-sq-v-4-b 1979 3.32 0.69 7.39 1.92 O-SLL-u-sq-v-4-b 1980 3.21 0.71 7.11 1.96 O-SLL-u-sq-v-4-b 1981 3.17 0.74 7.08 2.04 O-SLL-u-sq-v-4-b 1982 3.09 0.76 6.78 2.10 O-SLL-u-sq-v-4-b 1982 3.00 0.71 6.52 1.93 O-SLL-u-sq-v-4-b 1983 3.03 0.72 6.60 1.96 O-SLL-u-sq-v-4-b 1983 2.95 0.71 6.37 1.94 O-SLL-u-sq-v-4-b 1984 2.99 0.88 6.50 2.40 O-SLL-u-sq-v-4-b 1984 2.91 0.71 6.27 1.94 O-SLL-u-sq-v-4-b 1985 3.09 0.68 6.76 1.89 O-SLL-u-sq-v-4-b 1985 2.95 0.70 6.37 1.92 O-SLL-u-sq-v-4-b 1986 2.97 0.76 6.44 2.07 O-SLL-u-sq-v-4-b 1986 2.84 0.71 6.06 1.94 O-SLL-u-sq-v-4-b 1987 3.12 0.75 6.86 2.04 O-SLL-u-sq-v-4-b 1987 2.99 0.75 6.49 2.04 O-SLL-u-sq-v-4-b 1988 3.10 0.75 6.80 2.04 O-SLL-u-sq-v-4-b 1988 2.87 0.71 6.14 1.94 O-SLL-u-sq-v-4-b 1989 3.13 0.74 6.89 2.02 O-SLL-u-sq-v-4-b 1989 3.15 0.65 6.93 1.81 O-SLL-u-sq-v-4-b 1990 3.22 0.70 7.13 1.93 O-SLL-u-sq-v-4-b 1990 3.06 0.68 6.68 1.86 O-SLL-u-sq-v-4-b 1991 3.28 0.68 7.29 1.88 O-SLL-u-sq-v-4-b 1991 3.18 0.68 7.01 1.89 O-SLL-u-sq-v-4-b 1992 3.17 0.65 6.99 1.80 O-SLL-u-sq-v-4-b 1992 3.17 0.68 6.99 1.87 O-SLL-u-sq-v-4-b 1992 3.20 0.62 7.08 1.71 O-SLL-u-sq-v-4-b 1992 3.20 0.62 7.08 1.71 O-SLL-u-sq-v-4-b 1993 3.12 0.67 6.85 1.83 O-SLL-u-sq-v-4-b 1993 3.07 0.73 6.71 1.99 O-SLL-u-sq-v-4-b 1994 3.19 0.71 7.05 1.94 O-SLL-u-sq-v-4-b 1994 3.04 0.67 6.63 1.84 O-SLL-u-sq-v-4-b 1995 3.10 0.65 6.80 1.79 O-SLL-u-sq-v-4-b 1996 3.14 0.61 6.91 1.69 O-SLL-u-sq-v-4-b 1996 3.10 0.67 6.79 1.85 O-SLL-u-sq-v-4-b 1997 2.94 0.75 6.35 2.06 O-SLL-u-sq-v-4-b 1998 2.94 0.71 6.35 1.94 O-SLL-u-sq-v-4-b 1999 3.04 0.72 6.63 1.98 O-SLL-u-sq-v-4-b 2000 2.94 0.72 6.36 1.97 O-SLL-u-sq-v-4-b 2000 3.08 0.68 6.74 1.86 O-SLL-u-sq-v-4-b 2001 3.11 0.67 6.82 1.85 O-SLL-u-sq-v-4-b 2001 3.01 0.63 6.54 1.73 O-SLL-u-sq-v-4-b 2002 3.00 0.62 6.51 1.71 O-SLL-u-sq-v-4-b 2002 2.92 0.63 6.29 1.73 O-SLL-u-sq-v-4-b 2003 3.04 0.70 6.63 1.91 O-SLL-u-sq-v-4-b 2004 3.22 0.66 7.12 1.81 O-SLL-u-sq-v-4-b 2005 3.18 0.71 7.01 1.95 O-SLL-u-sq-v-4-b 2005 3.15 0.69 6.90 1.56 O-SLL-u-sq-v-4-b 2006 3.21 0.64 7.10 1.76 O-SLL-u-sq-v-4-b 2006 3.21 0.67 7.10 1.84 O-SLL-u-sq-v-4-b 2007 3.19 0.67 7.04 1.86 O-SLL-u-sq-v-4-b 2007 3.19 0.69 7.04 1.89 O-SLL-u-sq-v-4-b 2008 3.12 0.72 6.85 1.98 O-SLL-u-sq-v-4-b 2008 3.12 0.70 6.85 1.92 O-SLL-u-sq-v-4-b 2009 3.25 0.64 7.20 1.77 O-SLL-u-sq-v-4-b 2009 3.14 0.68 6.90 1.86 O-SLL-u-sq-v-4-b 2010 3.15 0.68 6.93 1.88 O-SLL-u-sq-v-4-b 2010 3.16 0.67 6.96 1.86 O-SLL-u-sq-v-4-b 2011 3.22 0.63 7.12 1.74 O-SLL-u-sq-v-4-b 2011 3.10 0.69 6.79 1.88 O-SLL-u-sq-v-4-b 2012 3.18 0.64 7.01 1.76 O-SLL-u-sq-v-4-b 2012 3.15 0.67 6.93 1.85 O-SLL-u-sq-v-4-b 2013 3.22 0.64 7.12 1.77 O-SLL-u-sq-v-4-b 2013 3.24 0.60 7.18 1.67 O-SLL-u-sq-v-4-b 2014 3.23 0.60 7.15 1.66 O-SLL-u-sq-v-4-b 2014 3.14 0.63 6.90 1.75 O-SLL-u-sq-v-4-b 2015 3.05 0.67 6.65 1.84 O-SLL-u-sq-v-4-b 2015 3.01 0.74 6.54 2.03 O-SLL-u-sq-v-4-b 2016 3.17 0.63 6.98 1.74 O-SLL-u-sq-v-4-b 2016 3.19 0.59 7.04 1.63 O-SLL-u-sq-v-4-b 2017 3.19 0.58 7.04 1.61 O-SLL-u-sq-v-4-b 2017 3.18 0.61 7.01 1.68 O-SLL-u-sq-v-4-b 2018 3.14 0.63 6.90 1.75 O-SLL-u-sq-v-4-b 2018 3.12 0.60 6.84 1.67 O-SLL-u-sq-v-4-b 2019 3.12 0.57 6.84 1.58 O-SLL-u-sq-v-4-b 2019 3.14 0.62 6.90 1.71 O-SLL-u-sq-v-4-b 2020 3.18 0.59 7.01 1.64 O-SLL-u-sq-v-4-b 2021 3.02 0.62 6.56 1.70 O-SLL-u-sq-v-4-b 2021 3.17 0.55 6.98 1.54 O-SLL-u-sq-v-4-b 2022 3.04 0.62 6.62 1.70 O-SLL-u-sq-v-4-b 2023 3.08 0.62 6.74 1.71 Average 3.13 0.67 6.87 1.85

5-step verbal LifeSatisfaction (121D)

Typical text:
Overall, how satisfied are you with your present life?
- very satisfied
- fairly satisfied
- neither satisfied nor dissatisfied
- fairly dissatisfied
- very dissatisfied
very satisfied = 5 ..... very dissatisfied = 1
Finding Measure Code Year Original (1 - 5) Scale (0 - 10) mean SD mean SD O-SLL-u-sq-v-5-a 1990 4.05 0.86 7.10 1.72 O-SLu-u-sq-v-5-c 1991 4.15 0.68 8.29 1.40 Average 4.10 0.77 7.70 1.56

10-step numeral LifeSatisfaction (122F)

Typical text:
All things considered, how satisfied are you with your life as-a-whole now?
10 satisfied
.: .
1 dissatisfied
Finding Measure Code Year Original (1 - 10) Scale (0 - 10) mean SD mean SD O-SLW-c-sq-n-10-a 1981 7.39 1.78 7.10 1.97 O-SLW-c-sq-n-10-a 1990 7.65 1.89 7.39 2.10 O-SLW-c-sq-n-10-a 1999 7.56 2.06 7.29 2.29 O-SLW-c-sq-n-10-b 2003 7.48 1.60 7.20 1.78 O-SLW-c-sq-n-10-b 2007 7.54 1.73 7.27 1.92 O-SLW-c-sq-n-10-b 2016 7.30 7.00 Average 7.49 1.81 7.21 2.01

11-step numeral LifeSatisfaction (122G)

Typical text:
All things considered, how satisfied or dissatisfied are you with your life as-a-whole these days?
10 very satisfied
:
0 not satisfied
Finding Measure Code Year Original (0 - 10) Scale (0 - 10) mean SD mean SD O-SLW-c-sq-n-11-cc 1975 7.81 1.89 7.81 1.89 O-SLW-c-sq-n-11-cc 1983 7.06 1.93 7.06 1.93 O-SLC-c-sq-n-11-a 1989 7.72 1.53 7.72 1.53 O-SLC-c-sq-n-11-a 1991 8.07 1.53 8.07 1.53 O-SLW-c-sq-n-11-cd 2002 7.44 1.94 7.44 1.94 O-SLW-c-sq-n-11-cd 2004 7.43 1.80 7.43 1.81 O-SLW-c-sq-n-11-cd 2006 7.41 1.87 7.41 1.87 O-SLW-c-sq-n-11-a 2007 7.61 1.29 7.61 1.29 O-SLW-c-sq-n-11-a 2008 7.33 1.56 7.33 1.56 O-SLW-c-sq-n-11-cd 2008 7.27 1.90 7.27 1.90 * O-SLW-c-sq-n-11-cd 2010 7.51 1.65 7.51 1.65 * O-SLW-c-sq-n-11-cd 2012 7.44 1.76 7.44 1.76 * O-SLW-c-sq-n-11-cj 2013 7.60 7.60 * O-SLW-c-sq-n-11-cd 2014 7.45 1.71 7.45 1.71 * O-SLW-c-sq-n-11-cd 2016 7.48 1.62 7.48 1.62 * O-SLW-c-sq-n-11-cd 2018 7.53 1.67 7.53 1.67 * O-SLW-c-sq-n-11-cc 2018 7.60 7.60 Average 7.52 1.71 7.52 1.71

101-step numeral LifeSatisfaction (122H)

Typical text:
Taking all together, how satisfied are you with your life-as-a-whole these days?
100 completely satisfied
:
0 completely unsatisfied
Finding Measure Code Year Original (0 - 100) Scale (0 - 10) mean SD mean SD O-SLu-g-sq-n-101-a 1991 8.06 1.61 7.84 1.79 Average 8.05 1.61 7.84 1.79

3-item Overall Happiness (19B)

Typical text:
A: How satisfied are you with your life as a whole?
B: How satisfied are you with how your life has turned out so far?
C: How happy are you?
0 extremely dissatisfied
:
10 extremely satisfied
Finding Measure Code Year Original (0 - 10) Scale (0 - 10) mean SD mean SD O-Sum-*-mq-n-11-a 2006 7.42 7.42 Average 7.42 7.42

11-step life-satisfaction plus imputation of missing cases (19G)

Typical text:
All things considered, how satisfied or dissatisfied are you with your life as-a-whole these days?
10 very satisfied
:
0 not satisfied
Missing cases of average life-satisfaction in nations estimated on the basis of a combination of observed components of happiness in that nation:
1) Afffective component, measured using responses to multiple questions about yesterday's affective experience, from which an affect balance score was computed
2) Cognitive component, measured using responses to single question on Best-Worst possible life
Computation explained in EHERO Working Paper 2021-3 https://www.eur.nl/en/ehero/media/2021-03-ehero-workingpaper2021-3 How to complete the ranklist of happiness in nations
Finding Measure Code Year Original (0 - 10) Scale (0 - 10) mean SD mean SD O-SLW-*-ds-nt-11-a 2007 7.63 O-SLW-*-ds-nt-11-a 2008 7.12 O-SLW-*-ds-nt-11-a 2010 7.30 O-SLW-*-ds-nt-11-a 2011 7.64 O-SLW-*-ds-nt-11-a 2012 7.51 O-SLW-*-ds-nt-11-a 2013 7.72 O-SLW-*-ds-nt-11-a 2014 7.35 O-SLW-*-ds-nt-11-a 2015 7.41 O-SLW-*-ds-nt-11-a 2016 7.51 O-SLW-*-ds-nt-11-a 2017 7.51 O-SLW-*-ds-nt-11-a 2018 7.53 O-SLW-*-ds-nt-11-a 2019 7.44 Average 7.47

10-item Affect Balance Scale (Bradburn) (222)

Typical text:
During the past few weeks did you ever feel (yes/no)
- particularly excited or interested in something?
- so restless that you couldn't sit long in a chair?
- proud because someone complimented you on something you had done?
- very lonely or remote from other people?
- pleased about having accomplished something?
- bored?
- on top of the world?
- depressed?
- that things were going your way?
- upset because someone criticized you?
Finding Measure Code Year Original (-5 - 5) Scale (0 - 10) mean SD mean SD A-BB-cm-mq-v-2-a 1981 1.44 1.96 6.44 1.96 A-BB-cm-mq-v-2-a 1990 1.57 1.97 6.57 1.97 Average 1.51 1.96 6.51 1.96

More days like yesterday (24A)

Typical text:
Do you want more days like yesterday?
- yes
- no
% yes
Finding Measure Code Year Original (0 - 100) Scale (0 - 10) mean SD mean SD A-AOL-yd-sq-v-2-a 2008 67.00 Average 67.00

6 item yesterday Affect Balance (24D)

Typical text:
Did you feel yesterday.. (yes/no)?
- enjoyment
- worry
- sadness
- anger
- depression
- did you smile and laugh a lot
Finding Measure Code Year Original (-100 - 100) Scale (0 - 10) mean SD mean SD A-AB-yd-mq-v-2-tb 2008 57.13 7.86 A-AB-yd-mq-v-2-tb 2010 58.79 7.94 A-AB-yd-mq-v-2-tb 2011 60.95 8.05 A-AB-yd-mq-v-2-tb 2012 58.22 7.91 Average 58.77 7.94

10 item Yesterday Affect Balance (24E)

Typical text:
Did you feel yesterday (yes/no)
- well-rested
- treated with respect
- smile and laugh a lot
- learn or do something interesting
- enjoyment
- physical pain
- worry
- sadness
- stress
- anger

Rated:
0: no
1: yes

Computation: (A+B+C+D+E) - (F+G+H+I+J)
Finding Measure Code Year Original (-100 - 100) Scale (0 - 10) mean SD mean SD A-AB-yd-mq-v-2-mb 2006 46.00 7.30 A-AB-yd-mq-v-2-mb 2007 54.00 7.70 A-AB-yd-mq-v-2-mb 2008 47.00 7.35 A-AB-yd-mq-v-2-mb 2010 54.00 7.70 A-AB-yd-mq-v-2-mb 2011 52.00 7.60 A-AB-yd-mq-v-2-mb 2012 47.00 7.35 A-AB-yd-mq-v-2-mb 2013 48.00 7.40 A-AB-yd-mq-v-2-mb 2014 48.00 7.40 A-AB-yd-mq-v-2-mb 2015 48.00 7.40 A-AB-yd-mq-v-2-mb 2016 44.00 7.20 Average 48.80 7.44

11 item Yesterday's Affect Balance (24F)

Typical text:
Did you feel yesterday.. (yes/no)?
- well rested
- worried
- proud
- depressed
- ...etc
Computation: % positive affect minus % negative affect
Finding Measure Code Year Original (-100 - 100) Scale (0 - 10) mean SD mean SD A-AB-yd-mq-v-2-o 2008 50.00 A-AB-yd-mq-v-2-o 2012 45.63 Average 47.81

14-item Yesterday's Affect Balance (24G)

Typical text:
Did you feel yesterday.. (yes/no)?
- well rested
- worried
- proud
- depressed
- ...etc
Computation: % positive affect minus % negative affect
Finding Measure Code Year Original (-100 - 100) Scale (0 - 10) mean SD mean SD A-AB-yd-mq-v-2-b 2008 49.00 Average 49.00

11-step numeral Best-Worst possible Life (32D)

Typical text:
Suppose the top of the ladder represents the best possible life for you and the bottom of the ladder the worst possible life. Where on this ladder do you feel you personally stand at the present time?
- 10
- .
- .
- 0
Finding Measure Code Year Original (0 - 10) Scale (0 - 10) mean SD mean SD C-BW-c-sq-l-11-c 2005 7.26 1.50 7.26 1.50 C-BW-c-sq-l-11-c 2006 7.26 1.49 7.26 1.49 C-BW-c-sq-l-11-c 2007 7.22 1.47 7.22 1.47 C-BW-c-sq-l-11-c 2008 7.12 1.53 7.12 1.53 C-BW-c-sq-l-11-c 2010 6.85 1.60 6.85 1.60 C-BW-c-sq-l-11-c 2011 7.11 1.63 7.11 1.63 C-BW-c-sq-l-11-c 2012 6.94 1.83 6.94 1.83 C-BW-c-sq-l-11-c 2013 7.10 1.50 7.10 1.50 C-BW-c-sq-l-11-c 2014 6.86 1.68 6.86 1.68 C-BW-c-sq-l-11-c 2015 6.90 1.51 6.90 1.51 C-BW-c-sq-l-11-c 2016 6.95 1.50 6.95 1.50 C-BW-c-sq-l-11-c 2017 6.93 1.51 6.93 1.51 C-BW-c-sq-l-11-c 2018 6.89 1.55 6.89 1.55 C-BW-c-sq-l-11-c 2019 6.77 1.61 6.77 1.61 C-BW-c-sq-l-11-c 2020 6.84 6.84 Average 7.00 1.56 7.00 1.56

5-step verbal Life fits Wants (34D)

Typical text:
On the whole my life is close to how I would like it to be
- strongly agree
- agree
- neither agree nor disagree
- disagree
- strongly disagree
Finding Measure Code Year Original (1 - 5) Scale (0 - 10) mean SD mean SD C-RA-u-sq-v-5-a 2007 3.70 0.96 6.40 1.93 Average 3.70 0.96 6.40 1.93

()

Typical text:
Finding Measure Code Year Original (-100 - 100) Scale (0 - 10) mean SD mean SD A-AB-yd-mq-v-2-fb 2005 53.59 7.68 A-AB-cw-mq-v-4-c 2006 1.08 0.79 A-AB-yd-mq-v-2-fb 2007 59.59 7.98 A-AB-yd-mq-v-2-j 2011 0.61 A-AB-yd-mq-v-2-fb 2013 58.03 7.90 A-AB-yd-mq-v-2-fb 2014 54.61 7.73 A-AB-yd-mq-v-2-fb 2015 56.52 7.83 A-AB-yd-mq-v-2-fb 2016 50.49 7.52 A-AB-yd-mq-v-2-fb 2017 55.28 7.76 A-AB-yd-mq-v-2-fb 2018 49.93 7.50 A-AB-yd-mq-v-2-fb 2019 48.98 7.45 Average