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Correlational findings

Study Blanchflower & Clark (2021): study ZZ Europe 2009

Public
15+ aged, general public, 35 European nations, 2009 - 2019
Survey name
EU-Eurobarometer combined waves
Sample
Respondents
N = 1246028
Non Response
Assessment
Interview: face-to-face

Correlate

Authors's Label
Single parent (vs married no children)
Our Classification
Remarks
Children from a 'previous union' can be children of the respondents partner (= 'step children' for the respondent)
Related specification variables
Operationalization
1; Single parent
    a: never married
    b: divorced or separated
    c: widowed
0: Married no childrem (reference)

Observed Relation with Happiness

Happiness Measure Statistics Elaboration / Remarks O-SLL-u-sq-v-4-b b = -.18 p < .01 NEVER MARRIED         (vs married no children)
Below age 45 O-SLL-u-sq-v-4-b b = -.25 p < .01 Age 45 or more O-SLL-u-sq-v-4-b b = -.26 p < .01 DIVORCED/SEPARETED         (vs married no children)
Below age 45 O-SLL-u-sq-v-4-b b = -.25 p < .01 Age 45 or more O-SLL-u-sq-v-4-b b = -22 p < .01 WIDOWED               (vs married no children)
Below age 45 O-SLL-u-sq-v-4-b b = -.20 p < .01 Age 45 or more

b estimates controled for:
- country dummies
- year
- education
- employment
- age
- gender

b estimates reduced by additional control for difficulty to pay bills, which suggests that part of the difference is in the cost of children