print

Correlational findings

Study Bull & Mittelmark (2009): study ZZ Scandinavia 2004

Public
Employed mothers, 4 Scandinavian countries, 2004
Survey name
EU-ESS 2: 2004
Sample
Respondents
N = 505
Non Response
Assessment
Interview: face-to-face

Correlate

Authors's Label
Financial stress
Our Classification
Distribution
Single mothers:           M = 1,89 (0,81)
Non-single mothers: M = 1,44 (0,58)
Related specification variables
Operationalization
Selfreport on single question:
Which of the descriptions on the card comes clostest to how you feel about your household's income nowadays?
1: living comfortably on present income
2: coping on present income
3: finding it difficult on present income
4: finding it very difficult on present income

Observed Relation with Happiness

Happiness Measure Statistics Elaboration / Remarks O-SLW-c-sq-n-11-a Beta = -.49 Gr Single mothers O-SLW-c-sq-n-11-a Beta = -.21 p < .001 Non-single mothers O-HL-u-sq-n-11-a Beta = -.32 p < .001 Single mothers O-HL-u-sq-n-11-a Beta = -.12 p < .01 Non-single mothers

Betas controlled for:
- work-family conflict
- stressful job
- social participation