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Correlational findings

Study Biyase & Naanwaab (2021): study ZA 2008

Public
17+ aged general public South Africa, followed 9 years 2088-2016
Survey name
SA-NIDS
Sample
Respondents
N = 28000
Non Response
Assessment
Questionnaire: Paper & Pencil Interview (PAPI)

Correlate

Authors's Label
Social capital variables: Religion
Our Classification
Related specification variables
Operationalization
1 Religious
  a) Christian
  b) Jewish
  c) Muslim
  d) Hindu
  e) African traditional
  f) Other
0 No religion (reference)

Observed Relation with Happiness

Happiness Measure Statistics Elaboration / Remarks O-SLW-c-sq-n-10-a b = +.27 p < .01 CURRENT happiness by Christian (vs no religion)
- rural dwellers b = +.25(01)
- urban dwellers b = +.29(01) O-SLW-c-sq-n-10-a b-fix = +.26 p < .01 CHANGE happiness by Christian (vs no religion)
- rural dwellers b-fix = +.28(01)
- urban dwellers b-fix = +.22(01) O-SLW-c-sq-n-10-a b = +.19 ns CURRENT happiness by Jewish (vs no religion)
- rural dwellers b = +.35(ns)
- urban dwellers b = -.02(ns) O-SLW-c-sq-n-10-a b-fix = +.08 ns CHANGE happiness by Jewish (vs no religion)
- rural dwellers b-fix = +.14(ns)
- urban dwellers b-fix = +.04(ns) O-SLW-c-sq-n-10-a b = +.44 p < .01 CURRENT happiness by Muslim (vs no religion)
- rural dwellers b = +.12(ns)
- urban dwellers b = +.43(01) O-SLW-c-sq-n-10-a b-fix = +.32 ns CHANGE happiness by Muslim (vs no religion)
- rural dwellers b-fix = - 1.35(ns)
- urban dwellers b-fix = +.33(ns) O-SLW-c-sq-n-10-a b = +.14 ns CURRENT happiness by Hindu (vs no religion)
- rural dwellers b = +.60(10)
- urban dwellers b = +.02(ns) O-SLW-c-sq-n-10-a b-fix = +.41 ns CHANGE happiness by Hindu (vs no religion)
- rural dwellers b-fix = +.87(01)
- urban dwellers b-fix = +.25(ns) O-SLW-c-sq-n-10-a b = +.21 p < .01 CURRENT happiness by African traditional spiritual beliefs (vs no religion)
- rural dwellers b = +.21(01)
- urban dwellers b = +.15(10) O-SLW-c-sq-n-10-a b-fix = +.24 p < .01 CHANGE happiness by African traditional spiritual beliefs (vs no religion)
- rural dwellers b-fix = +.28(01)
- urban dwellers b-fix = +.14(ns) O-SLW-c-sq-n-10-a b = +.08 ns CURRENT happiness by Other (vs no religion)
- rural dwellers b = -.02(ns)
- urban dwellers b = +.26(ns)

b controled for
- gender
- age
- ethinicity
- marital status
- employment
- household size
- household facilities
- religion
- crime
- trust
- income
- expected improvement
- perceived relative income O-SLW-c-sq-n-10-a b-fix = +.05 ns CHANGE happiness by Other (vs no religion)
- rural dwellers b-fix = -.21(ns)
- urban dwellers b-fix = +.44(ns)

b-fix additionally controled for
- happiness 2 years ago (to capture change)