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Correlational findings

Study Biyase & Naanwaab (2021): study ZA 2008

Public
17+ aged general public South Africa, followed 9 years 2088-2016
Survey name
SA-NIDS
Sample
Respondents
N = 28000
Non Response
Assessment
Questionnaire: Paper & Pencil Interview (PAPI)

Correlate

Authors's Label
Ethnicity
Our Classification
Related specification variables
Operationalization
a) African
b) Coloured
c) Asian/Indian
d) Black (reference)

Observed Relation with Happiness

Happiness Measure Statistics Elaboration / Remarks O-SLW-c-sq-n-10-a b = -.77 p < .01 CURRENT happiness by African (vs Black)
- rural dwellers b = -.80(01)
- urban dwellers b = -.69(01) O-SLW-c-sq-n-10-a b-fix = -.34 p < .10 CHANGE happiness by African (vs Black)
- rural dwellers b-fix = -.67(ns)
- urban dwellers b-fix = -.21(ns) O-SLW-c-sq-n-10-a b = -.38 p < .01 CURRENT happiness by Coloured (vs Black)
- rural dwellers b = -.36(10)
- urban dwellers b = -.30(01) O-SLW-c-sq-n-10-a b-fix = -.18 p < .10 CHANGE happiness by Coloured (vs Black)
- rural dwellers b-fix = -.31(ns)
- urban dwellers b-fix = -.07(ns) O-SLW-c-sq-n-10-a b = -.11 ns CURRENT happiness by Asian/Indian (vs Black)
- rural dwellers b = -.67(10)
- urban dwellers b = +.09(ns)

b controled for
- gender
- age
- ethinicity
- marital status
- employment
- household size
- household facilities
- religion
- crime
- trust
- income
- expected improvement
- perceived relative income O-SLW-c-sq-n-10-a b-fix = -.26 ns CHANGE happiness by Asian/Indian (vs Black)
- rural dwellers b-fix = -.37(ns)
- urban dwellers b-fix = -.12(10)

b-fix additionally controled for
- happiness 2 years ago (to capture change)