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Correlational findings

Study Muffels et al. (2012): study ZZ Europe 2008

Public
18+ aged general public, 47 countries, 2008
Survey name
EU-EVS
Sample
Respondents
N = 67216
Non Response
Assessment
Interview: face-to-face

Correlate

Authors's Label
Index Importance friends
Our Classification
Distribution
M = 3.36
Operationalization
Selfreport on single question on to what extent people think of their friends as an important aspect in life
Rated on 4 step scale

Observed Relation with Happiness

Happiness Measure Statistics Elaboration / Remarks O-SLW-c-sq-n-10-a OPRC = +.05 p < .05 INDIVIDUAL happiness by INDIVIDUAL importance of friends

OPRC controlled for :
- Personal characteristics
  - age, age squared, age cubed
  - gender
  - marital status
  - employmnet status
  - bad health
- Nation characteristics
  - GDP growth
  - unemployment rate
  - opinion climate
    - importance family and children
    - altruism
    - trust in people and institutions
    - importance friends
    - post-materialism: pure, mixed
    - leisure values
    - work orientation: intrinsic, extrinsic
    - work values (work ethos, work first)
    - religious values
    - traditional gender values