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Correlational findings

Study Pénard et al. (2013): study LU 2008

Public
18+ aged, general public, Luxemburg, 2008
Survey name
EU-EVS
Sample
Respondents
N = 1332
Non Response
Assessment
Interview: face-to-face

Correlate

Authors's Label
Intensity of internet use
Our Classification
Operationalization
4 questions on internet use (dummies):
a Used several times a day
b Used once per day
c Seldom connected (reference)
d No internet

1 Yes
0 No

Observed Relation with Happiness

Happiness Measure Statistics Elaboration / Remarks O-SLW-c-sq-n-10-a Beta = -.00 ns Several times a day         (vs. seldom) O-SLW-c-sq-n-10-a Beta = -.11 ns Once a day                  (vs. seldom) O-SLW-c-sq-n-10-a Beta = -.73 p < .01 No internet                 (vs. seldom)

Beta's controlled for:
- Personal characteristics:
   - Age and age squared
   - Partner
   - Gender
   - Education
   - Employment O-SLW-c-sq-n-10-a Beta = -.01 ns Several                     (vs. seldom) O-SLW-c-sq-n-10-a Beta = -.15 ns Once                        (vs. seldom) O-SLW-c-sq-n-10-a Beta = -.63 p < .01 No                          (vs. seldom)

Beta's additionally controlled for:
- membership of voluntary organizations
- participation in voluntary organizations
- sociability O-SLW-c-sq-n-10-a Beta = -.11 ns Several                     (vs. seldom) O-SLW-c-sq-n-10-a Beta = -.17 p < .01 Once                        (vs. seldom) O-SLW-c-sq-n-10-a Beta = -.60 ns No                          (vs. seldom)

Beta's additionally controlled for:
- attitudes:
   - trust in others
   - believe in God
   - freedom
   - fairness
   - trust in institutions O-SLW-c-sq-n-10-a Beta = -.07 ns Several                     (vs soldom) O-SLW-c-sq-n-10-a Beta = -.14 ns Once                        (vs. seldom) O-SLW-c-sq-n-10-a Beta = -.47 p < .01 No                          (vs. seldom)

Beta additionally controlled for:
- health
- income O-SLW-c-sq-n-10-a Beta = +1.1 p < .01 Several                     (vs. seldom) O-SLW-c-sq-n-10-a Beta = -.42 p < .10 Once                        (vs. seldom) O-SLW-c-sq-n-10-a Beta = -1.2 p < .01 No                          (vs. seldom)

Beta's additionally controlled for interaction effects:
- online*age
- online*partner
- online*gender
- online*sociability
- online*income