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Correlational findings

Study Welsch (2006): study ZZ EU 10 1990

Public
15+ aged, general public 10 EU nations 1990-1997
Survey name
EU-Eurobarometer combined waves
Sample
Respondents
N = 240000
Non Response
Assessment
Interview: face-to-face

Correlate

Authors's Label
Change air pollution in nation
Our Classification
Distribution
% Change in concentration Nitrogen/Lead 1990-1997
- Belgium:  -14.0 / -40.1
- Denmark  -10.5 / -90.0
- France  - 8.5 / -74.8
- Germany : 0.0 / 70.2
- Greece: -11.6 /-60.4       
- Luxembourg: -16.6 /0.0
- Nerherlands: -9.2 /-79.7
Operationalization
Micro grams per cubic meter of:
A: Nitrogen dioxide concentration
B: Lead

Assessed per country per year

Observed Relation with Happiness

Happiness Measure Statistics Elaboration / Remarks O-SLL-u-sq-v-4-b b-fix = + CHANGE log AVERAGE happiness by CHANGE log air-pollution in 8 nations over 8 years.

Concentrations of nitrogen and lead were considerably reduced in this period O-SLL-u-sq-v-4-b b-fix = +.04 Belgium O-SLL-u-sq-v-4-b b-fix = +12 Demark O-SLL-u-sq-v-4-b b-fix = +.06 France O-SLL-u-sq-v-4-b b-fix = +.04 Germany (west) O-SLL-u-sq-v-4-b b-fix = +.05 Greece O-SLL-u-sq-v-4-b b-fix = +.03 Luxembourg O-SLL-u-sq-v-4-b b-fix = +.09 Netherlands

The financial equivalents of these gains in happiness range from$ 1076 (greece) to $ 3113 (Denmark)

Change in particles concentration left out.
Change data unavailable for Portugal, Spain and the UK.