Study Hills et al. (2015): study ZZ Europe 1973 /1
- Public
- 18+ aged, general public, 6 EU nations, 1973-2000
- Survey name
- EU-Eurobarometer 1973-2000
- Sample
- Respondents
- N = 190
- Non Response
- Assessment
- Interview: face-to-face
Correlate
- Authors's Label
- Positive/negative valence of words used in books in nations
- Our Classification
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- Remarks
- Examples of rated valence of words in English: Ability: 7.0, Abide: 5.52, Abort: 3.1
- Distribution
- Range average valence in nations: 5,302 to 6.07, M : 5,72, SD: 0,114
- Operationalization
- Positive and negative valence scores of 1003 words in 6 different languages.
A Valence of words: Individuals in each nation/language were asked to rate a list of words on how those words make them feel. Next these words were rated on a 1-9 valence scale from negative to positive. Around 1000 words per language were rated this way.
B Use of these words in books 1800-2009.
In Google Books, texts in books from 1800-2009 were analyzed on the frequency of words and their valance in each language, using the words list and the ratings.