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Correlational findings

Study Diener et al. (2012a): study ZZ World samples 2005

Public
15+ aged general public, 135 nation followed at least 3 years, 2005-2011
Survey name
INT-Gallup World Poll combined waves
Sample
Respondents
N = 806526
Non Response
Assessment
Multiple assesment methods
telephone interviews in developed nations, face-toface in most developing nations

Correlate

Authors's Label
Average household income in nation
Our Classification
Remarks
Transformed to international dollarscalculated from the World Bank purchasing power parities
Operationalization
Self reported household income in local currency

Observed Relation with Happiness

Happiness Measure Statistics Elaboration / Remarks C-BW-c-sq-l-11-c r = +.79 p < .01 CURRENT AVERAGE happiness by CURRENT AVERAGE household income in nation A-AB-yd-mq-v-2-t r = + Correlation with ABS not reported but will be positive given:
PA: r = +.26 (01)
NA: r = -.08 (ns) C-BW-c-sq-l-11-c b-fix = +.70 p < .01 CHANGE AVERAGE happiness by CHANGE AVERAGE household income in nation A-AB-yd-mq-v-2-t b-fix = + Correlation with ABS not reported but will be positive given:
PA: b-fix = +.06 (01)
NA: b-fix = -.05 (01)

Similar pattern among rich and poor nations

Linear pattern, no attetuation of the correlation over the years

Cross-lagged analysis suffests causal effect of income change on change in happiness

Correlations greatly reduced (but still significant) when controled for simultaneous CHANGE in
- satisfaction with standard of living
- posession of metarial goods
- optimism