Study Clark (2015): study DE 1992
- Public
- 16+ aged, general public, followed 10 years, Germany, 1992-2012
- Survey name
- DE-SOEP 1992-2012
- Sample
- Respondents
- N = 368000
- Non Response
- Assessment
- Interview: face-to-face
Correlate
- Authors's Label
- Poverty
- Our Classification
-
-
- Remarks
- Equivalence: 0,5x square root of household size.
- Operationalization
- Equivalent household income in each year. Sum of all incomes assessed in detailed interview in subsequent years.
1: poor, below 60% of country median
0: not poor
a Incidence of poverty:
<= 60% of the national median equivalent income
b Intensity of poverty:
Deprivation score: relative shortfall from the poverty line
c Chronic poverty:
Number of periods with relative shortfall below poverty line, incl. depth of poverty (Foster2009)
d Persistence of poverty:
number of years in poverty and the length of it for each period (Bossert et al. 2012).
C Realtive poverty gap:
Subjects on average 24% below the poverty line compared to total sample.
Observed Relation with Happiness
Beta
Men -.13 (p<.01)
Women -.13 (p<.01)
Age<=60 -.17 (p<.01)
Age >60 -.02 (ns)
Beta
Men -.53 (p<.01)
Women -.45 (p<.01)
Age<=60 -.38 (p<.01)
Age >60 -.80 (p<.01
Beta
Men -.04 (ns)
Women -.12 (ns)
Age<=60 -.09 (ns)
Age >60 -.09 (ns)
Beta
Men +.26 (p<.05)
Women +.06 (ns)
Age<=60 +.21 (p<.05)
Age >60 -.04 (ns)
Beta
Men -.56 (p<.05)
Women -.59 (p<.05)
Age<=60 -.44 (p<.05)
Age >60 -.86 (p<.05)
Beta's controlled for:
- age
- employed
- residence East or West Germany
- education (years)
- marital status
- number of children in household
Changing the poverty line to 80% produces results for the overall sample that are not significant.
Lowering the poverty line to values below 60% continues to produce significant effects of poverty on life satisfaction, except when lowered to 40%.