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Correlational findings

Study Welsch (2002): study ZZ World samples 2000

Public
18+ aged, general public, 54 countries, 2000
Survey name
INT-WorldValuesSurvey 4
Sample
Respondents
N = 55000
Non Response
Assessment
Interview: face-to-face

Correlate

Authors's Label
Income
Our Classification
Remarks
Source; World Development Report (2005)
Distribution
M=10,331  SD=7,420
Operationalization
GNP per capita.

Observed Relation with Happiness

Happiness Measure Statistics Elaboration / Remarks O-HL-u-sq-v-4-a b = +.02 p < .001 AVERAGE happiness by AVERAGE income in 54 countries. O-HL-u-sq-v-4-a b = +.03 p < .001 b controls for:
-political freedom O-HL-u-sq-v-4-a b = +.04 p < .001 b controls for:
-rationality (number of scientists and engineers per capita) O-HL-u-sq-v-4-a b = +.04 p < .001 b controls for:
-political freedom
-rationality (number of scientists and engineers per capita)

Similar results are obtained when b additionally controls for:
-political freedom
-political freedom squared
-rationality
-rationality squared

Analysis using seemingly unrelated regressions yields similar results. O-HL-u-sq-v-4-a b = +.02 ns b controls for:
-income squared
-political freedom

Similar results are obtained when b controls for:
-rationality
-rationality squared
-political freedom squared
ADDITIONALLY and INSTEAD of political freedom.

Income squared is not significantly associated with happiness.