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Correlational findings

Study Elliott & Hayward (2009): study ZZ World samples 1999

Public
18+aged, general public, 65 countries, 1999-2004
Survey name
INT-WorldValuesSurvey 4
Sample
Respondents
N = 93142
Non Response
Assessment
Interview: face-to-face

Correlate

Authors's Label
Education
Our Classification
Distribution
M=4,41  SD=2,26
Operationalization
Scale from 1 (inadequately completed elementary school) to 8 (university degree or more).

Observed Relation with Happiness

Happiness Measure Statistics Elaboration / Remarks O-SLW-c-sq-n-10-a b = +.10 p < .001 b controls for individual characteristics:
-age
-female
-married/partnered
-employment status (employed=1)
-religion:
-religious attendance
-personal religious identity
-belong to the largest religious group dummy
-religious affiliation dummies O-SLW-c-sq-n-10-a b = +.10 p < .001 b additionally controls for national characteristics:
-freedom index (reflects government regulation of civil, religious, and political freedom)
-proportion of population in largest religion
-country level religious affiliation dummies O-SLW-c-sq-n-10-a b = +.10 p < .001 b additionally controls for cross-level interactions between:
-freedom index and religious attendance
-freedom index and "am a religious person"

Method used is hierarchical linear modelling.