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Correlational findings

Study Bjornskov (2014): study ZZ Europe 1975

Public
14+ aged, 29 countries (EU member states and potential members), 1975-2011
Survey name
EU-Eurobarometer combined waves
Sample
Respondents
N = 2000
Non Response
Assessment
Interview: face-to-face

Correlate

Authors's Label
Crisis
Our Classification
Remarks
Data: national accounts data in the Penn World Tables
Operationalization
Crisis = episodes  in which the year-to-year change in purchasing power adjusted GDP per capita is negative

Observed Relation with Happiness

Happiness Measure Statistics Elaboration / Remarks O-SLL-u-sq-v-4-b b = -.04 p < .01 CHANGE AVERAGE happiness, by economic crisis in nations.

B controlled for:
- Happiness 1 year before (to caputure CHANGE)
- GDP per capita
- Stable country characteristics
  - Legal quality
  - Social trust
  - Postcommunist
  - Openness economy
  - Government size
  - Investment price
  - Regulations


Fixed effects model. Random effects: B = -.03 (.05) O-SLL-u-sq-v-4-b b = -.03 p < .01 B additionally controlled for:
- GDP growth rate (instead of Log GDP per capita)

Fixed effects model. Random effects: B = -.03 (.05) O-SLL-u-sq-v-4-b b = -.03 p < .01 No significant change, when B additionally controlled for interaction:
- Growth*crisis O-SLL-u-sq-v-4-b b = -.20 p < .01 B controlled for:
- Happiness 1 year before (to caputure CHANGE)
- Legal quality
- Legal quality*crisis

Fixed effects model. Random effects: B = -.19 (.01) O-SLL-u-sq-v-4-b b = -.09 p < .01 B controlled for:
- Happiness 1 year before (to caputure CHANGE)
- Social trust
- Social trust*crisis

Fixed effects model. Random effects: B = -.09 (.01) O-SLL-u-sq-v-4-b b = -.03 ns B controlled for:
- Happiness 1 year before (to caputure CHANGE)
- Government size
- Government size*crisis

Fixed effects model. Random effects: B = -.03 (.01) O-SLL-u-sq-v-4-b b = -.18 p < .01 B controlled for:
- Happiness 1 year before (to caputure CHANGE)
- Regulations
- Regulations*crisis

Fixed effects model. Random effects: B = -.15 (.1) O-SLL-u-sq-v-4-b b = -.04 p < .01 B controlled for:
- Happiness 1 year before (to caputure CHANGE)
- Government ideology
- Ideology*crisis

Fixed effects model. Random effects: B = -.04 (.05) O-SLL-u-sq-v-4-b DM = O-SLL-u-sq-v-4-b DM = O-SLL-u-sq-v-4-b b = +.15 ns CHANGE AVERAGE happiness, by INTERACTION VARIABLES

Growth*crisis in nations.

B controlled for:
- Happiness 1 year before (to caputure CHANGE)
- Growth rate
- Stable country characteristics
  - Legal quality
  - Social trust
  - Postcommunist
  - Openness economy
  - Government size
  - Investment price
  - Regulations
- Crisis

Fixed effects model. Random effects: B = +.10 (ns) O-SLL-u-sq-v-4-b b = +.02 p < .01 Legal quality*crisis in nation.

B controlled for:
- Happiness 1 year before (to caputure CHANGE)
- Legal quality
- Crisis

Fixed effects model. Random effects: B = +.021 (.05) O-SLL-u-sq-v-4-b b = +.17 p < .01 Social trust*crisis in nation.

B controlled for:
- Happiness 1 year before (to caputure CHANGE)
- Social trust
- Crisis

Fixed effects model. Random effects: B = +.166 (.05) O-SLL-u-sq-v-4-b b = -.03 ns Government size*crisis in nation.

B controlled for:
- Happiness 1 year before (to caputure CHANGE)
- Government size
- Crisis

Fixed effects model. Random effects: B = -.04 (ns) O-SLL-u-sq-v-4-b b = +.02 p < .05 Regulations*crisis in nation.

B controlled for:
- Happiness 1 year before (to caputure CHANGE)
- Crisis
- Regulations

Fixed effects model. Random effects: B = +.018 (.1) O-SLL-u-sq-v-4-b b = +.03 ns Ideology*crisis in nation.

B controlled for:
- Happiness 1 year before (to caputure CHANGE)
- Crisis
- Government ideology

Random effects model