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Correlational findings

Study Sarracino (2008): study ZZ World samples 1990

Public:
18+ aged, general public, 39 nations, 1990-2001
Survey name:
INT-WVS: combined waves
Sample:
Respondents:
N = 267870
Non Response:
Assessment:
Interview: face-to-face

Correlate

Authors's label
Social Class
Our Classification
Distribution
1: M=0.07, SD=0.25, 2: M=0.13, SD=0.34, 3: M= 0.01, SD=0.10
Operationalization
Self rated class
1: lower class
2: working class
3: upper class

rated: 1:yes, 0:no (dummy)

Observed Relation with Happiness

Happiness Measure Statistics Elaboration / Remarks O-HL-u-sq-v-4-a OLRC = -.58 p < .01 LOWER CLASS
Low income nations O-HL-u-sq-v-4-a OLRC = -.61 p < .01 High income nations O-HL-u-sq-v-4-a OLRC = -.19 p < .01 WORKING CLASS
Low income nations O-HL-u-sq-v-4-a OLRC = -.23 p < .01 High income nations O-HL-u-sq-v-4-a OLRC = +.42 p < .05 UPPER CLASS O-HL-u-sq-v-4-a OLRC = +.86 p < .05 High income nations

OLRC's controlled for:
- socio-demographic aspects:
  - age
  - gender
  - education
  - employment
  - marital status
- wealth
  - income
  - subjective health
- relational goods
  - time spend in social contacts
  - memberships of voluntary organizations
- social capital
  - perceived freedom and control
  - trust in people
  - honesty
- positional goods
  - income quintile

In regression with proxies on positional goods coefficient "upper class" became more significant and even more for HICs (p<.01), for LICs (p<.05)