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Correlational findings

Study Koczan (2013a): study DE 1984 /1

Public
16+ aged immigrants, Germany, followed 1-26 years, 1984-2010
Survey name
DE-SOEP
Sample
Respondents
N = 3741
Non Response
Assessment
Interview: face-to-face

Correlate

Authors's Label
Identity (lagged)
Our Classification
Remarks
Seven year-lagged identity is taken for causality-purposes.
Distribution
1: 58%; 2: 20%
Operationalization
Self-report on two questions:
A) To what extent do you view yourself as a German?
Scaled:
1 not at all
:
5 completely

B) To what extent do you feel that you belong to the culture of the country where you or your family comes from?
1 not at all
:
5 to a very large extent

Combined into:
1: Strong minority identity
2: Strong majority identity
3: Two strong/weak identities (reference)

Observed Relation with Happiness

Happiness Measure Statistics Elaboration / Remarks O-SLW-c-sq-n-11-d b = +.04 ns STRONG MAJORITY IDENTITY (vs two strong or weak identities)

CHANGE in happiness by CHANGE in identity in the past seven years.
B controlled for:
- Age
- Years of education
- Marital status
- Immigrant status
- Employed
- Works in occupation trained for
- House ownership
- Parental education
- Urban/rural childhood
- Health
- Years since migration
- German citizenship O-SLW-c-sq-n-11-d b = +.25 p < .05 CURRENT happiness by identity SEVEN YEARS EARLIER
B additionally controlled for:
- Gender O-SLW-c-sq-n-11-d b = +.24 ns B additionally controlled for:
- Speaks German
- Writes German O-SLW-c-sq-n-11-d b = +.05 ns STRONG MINORITY IDENTITY (vs two strong or weak identities)

CHANGE in happiness by CHANGE in identity in the past seven years.
B controlled for:
- Age
- Years of education
- Marital status
- Immigrant status
- Employed
- Works in occupation trained for
- House ownership
- Parental education
- Urban/rural childhood
- Health O-SLW-c-sq-n-11-d b = +.03 ns CURRENT happiness by identity SEVEN YEARS EARLIER
B additionally controlled for:
- Gender
- Years since migration
- German citizenship