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Correlational findings

Study Senik (2011): study ZZ Europe 2002

Public
15+ aged, general public, Europe, 13 EU nations, 2002-2009
Survey name
EU-ESS 1-4: 2002-2010
Sample
Respondents
N = 64706
Non Response
Assessment
Interview: face-to-face

Correlate

Authors's Label
Migration generation
Our Classification
Remarks
The 'in total' happiness of natives differs when comparing natives to 1st generation. 2nd generation, or 3th generation migrants since it is a weighted mean based on the specific number of migrants per country. By doing this, endogeneity of a different ratio migrants/natives per country is avoided.
Distribution
1a) 5094, 1b) 1339, 1c) 3348, 0) 54925
Related specification variables
Operationalization
1: Migrants
  a) First-generation
  b) Second-generation
  c) 2.5 generation (one non-native parent)
0: Non-migrants in host country (reference)

Observed Relation with Happiness

Happiness Measure Statistics Elaboration / Remarks O-HL-u-sq-n-11-a DM = - 1a)
       1st generation Natives difference
Belgium        7.42    7.74    -.32          
Switzerland    7.75    8.12    -.37            
Germany        7.03    7.32    -.29            
Denmark        8.11    8.34    -.23       
Spain          7.43    7.66    -.23       
Finland        8.04    8.03    +.01            
France         7.14    7.28    -.14         
UK             7.31    7.49    -.18            
Netherlands    7.51    7.80    -.29            
Norway         7.61    7.93    -.32           
Portugal       6.67    6.77    -.10         
Sweden         7.55    7.89    -.34            
Slovenia       7.11    7.21    -.10

In total       7.36    7.72    -.36
O-HL-u-sq-n-11-a DM = - 1b)
       2nd generation Natives difference
Belgium        7.33    7.74    -.41     
Switzerland    7.93    8.12    -.19      
Germany        7.16    7.32    -.16
Denmark        8.17    8.34    -.17            
Spain          8.16    7.66    +.50            
Finland        8.71    8.03    +.78            
France         7.37    7.28    +.09            
UK             6.99    7.49    -.50            
Netherlands    7.73    7.80    -.07            
Norway         8.00    7.93    +.07           
Portugal       6.84    6.77    +.07            
Sweden         7.68    7.89    -.21            
Slovenia       7.89    7.21    +.68

In total       7.52    7.62    -.10
O-HL-u-sq-n-11-a DM = - 1c)
       2.5 generation Natives difference
Belgium        7.62    7.74    -.12     
Switzerland    8.00    8.12    -.12      
Germany        7.03    7.32    -.29
Denmark        8.10    8.34    -.24            
Spain          7.62    7.66    -.04            
Finland        7.96    8.03    -.07            
France         7.37    7.28    +.09            
UK             7.38    7.49    -.09
Netherlands    7.66    7.80    -.12            
Norway         7.82    7.93    -.11           
Portugal       6.17    6.77    -.60            
Sweden         7.68    7.89    -.21            
Slovenia       7.32    7.21    +.11

In total       7.59    7.69    -.10
O-HL-u-sq-n-11-a b = -.17 p < .001 FIRST GENERATION MIGRANTS O-HL-u-sq-n-11-a b = -.19 p < .001 SECOND GENERATION MIGRANTS O-HL-u-sq-n-11-a b = -.07 p < .001 2.5 GENERATION

B's controlled for:
- Age and age squared
- Gender
- Log household income
- Marital status
- Being unemployed
- Region of origin
- Immigrant status*country of residence
- Survey year