Study Goldsmith & Campos (1990): study US Denver, Colorado

Public

9 months aged, infants, Denver, United States, 198?

Survey name

Unnamed study

Sample

Respondents

N = 168

Non Response

Assessment

Behavioural observation
Twins were assessed with the other twin present in room. Mother & father completed Infant Behavior Questionnaire (IBQ) independently from one another at home.

Correlate

Authors's Label

2-week stability

Our Classification

Distribution

N ranges from 120 to 159

Operationalization

Rating of cheerful appearance in laboratory; 2 assessments with interval of 2 weeks;
The child is (or both twins are) placed in a high chair.
Peekaboo-Game:
On signal from familiar experimenter, th mother holds a cloth between her face and the child's face (just one of the twins). When lowering the cloth she says: "peekaboo" in a playful voice.
Procedure repeted 4 times. Then mother and experiementer changed roles.

Walking Finger Game:
With fingers, Mother walked her fingers up the chair toward the child saying: "I'm going to get you!" in a playful voice. Then she tickles the infant's tummy. This episode coninues for 15min and is assessed two times to each child (for twins alternatingly). Then mother and experimenter changed roles.

Observed Relation with Happiness