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Correlational findings

Study Constantinople (1965): study US 1965

Public
College students, University of Rochester, USA, 196?
Sample
Respondents
N = 952
Non Response
30% (take home questionnaire).
Assessment
Questionnaire: Paper & Pencil Interview (PAPI)
Questionnaires completed in c lass and at home

Correlate

Authors's Label
Psycho-social development
Our Classification
Remarks
Analysis on the basis of the 16 most happy and 16 least happy Ss in each of the 8 sex/class groups (N-256). The same items as in the Wessman & Ricks study were used. In this study each item was rated on a 7-point scale ranging from 'definitely most uncharacteristic of you' to 'definitely most characteristic of you'. Significance and elaboration were based on Analysis of Variance.
Related specification variables
Operationalization
60-item inventory describing characte- ristics indicative of successful and unsuccessful resolutions of the first six developmental crises of Erikson's stages of psycho-social development (adapted from Wessman & Ricks; see last pages).

               
              
                  
1a. Successful first stage: basic trust

1b. Unsuccessful firit stage: basic
    mistrust.

2a. Successful second stage: autonomy.
            

2b. Unsuccessful second stage: shame
    and doubt.

3a. Successful third stage: initiative.

3b. Unsuccessful third stage: guilt.
            
                 
               
4a. Successful fourth stage: industry.

4b. Unsuccessful fourth stage:   
    inferiority.

5a. Successful fifth stage: identity.
            

              
5b. Unsuccessful fifth stage: identity
    diffusion.

6a. Successful sixth stage: intimacy.

6b. Unsuccessful sixth stage: isolation

Observed Relation with Happiness

Happiness Measure Statistics Elaboration / Remarks A-AOL-cy-sq-v-10-a DM = + p < .01 Unaffected by sex and stage of study.            
                                     
A-AOL-cy-sq-v-10-a DM = - p < .01 Lower in junior years, esp. among males.
In senior years stronger among females.
              
                                   
A-AOL-cy-sq-v-10-a DM = ns Slightly negative among males.
Slightly positive among females.
                            
A-AOL-cy-sq-v-10-a DM = - p < .01 Stronger among females than among males.
Unaffected by stage of study.
                 
A-AOL-cy-sq-v-10-a DM = + p < .01 Unaffected by sex and stage of study.
                            
A-AOL-cy-sq-v-10-a DM = - p < .01 Among males stronger in freshman years.
Among females strongest in senior years and lowest in junior years.
              
A-AOL-cy-sq-v-10-a DM = + p < .01 Unaffected by sex and stage of study.
            
A-AOL-cy-sq-v-10-a DM = - p < .01 Unaffected by sex and study.
                
               
                     
A-AOL-cy-sq-v-10-a DM = + p < .01 Among males strongest in sophomore years and lowest in senior years.
Among females stronger in senior years.
                      
A-AOL-cy-sq-v-10-a DM = - p < .01 Unaffected by sex and stage of study.
         
                 
                
A-AOL-cy-sq-v-10-a DM = + p < .01 Unaffected by sex and stage of study.
                             
A-AOL-cy-sq-v-10-a DM = - p < .01 Unaffected by sex and stage of study.