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Correlational findings

Study Constantinople (1970): study US 1965

Public
Undergraduate college students, University of Rochester, USA, followed 12 month, 1965-68
Sample
Respondents
N = 581
Non Response
50% return of mailed questionnaire.
Assessment
Questionnaire: Paper & Pencil Interview (PAPI)
Questionnaire completed in class and amailed questionnaire 3 yrs later.

Correlate

Authors's Label
Perceived instrumentality of college
Our Classification
Remarks
See also above under CONST 1965. The goals were each scored for their importance as a goal in the S's own college experience too. These rating generally correlate less than .10 with happiness.
Related specification variables
Operationalization
Closed questions on the degree of which the university is perceived as helping or hindering progress toward each of the goals mentioned. (Perceived Instru-
mentality of College Test; see Constantinople 1965, 1967).

a. Learning how to learn from books
    and teachers.
b. Acquiring an appreciation of ideas.
c. Establishing own personal, social
    and academic values.
d. Developing relationships with
    opposite sex.
e. Contributing in a distinguished,
    meaningful manner to some campus
    group.
f. Developing ability to get along
    with different kinds of people.
g. Becoming self-confident.
h. Personal independence.
i. Finding a spouse.
j. Achieving academic dinstinction.
k. Having many good friends.
l. Discovering own strong points and
    limitations.
m. Preparing for career which
    requires further study beyond the
    B.A. or B.S.
n. Preparing for acareer wich begins
    right after graduation.

Observed Relation with Happiness

Happiness Measure Statistics Elaboration / Remarks A-AOL-cy-sq-v-10-a r = + a:learning how to learn
-freshman males   : r = -.09 (ns)
-senior males     : r = +.23 (01)
-freshman females : r = +.06 (ns)
-senior females   : r = +.03 (ns)
A-AOL-cy-sq-v-10-a r = + b:appreciation of ideas
-freshman males   : r = +.14 (ns)
-senior males     : r = +.29 (01)
-freshman females : r = +.07 (ns)
-senior females   : r = +.17 (05)
A-AOL-cy-sq-v-10-a r = + c:establishing own values
-freshman males   : r = +.11 (ns)
-senior males     : r = +.34 (01)
-freshman females : r = +.20 (05)
-senior females   : r = -.01 (ns)
A-AOL-cy-sq-v-10-a r = + d:opposite sex
-freshman males   : r = +.17 (05)
-senior males     : r = +.30 (01)
-freshman females : r = +.30 (01)
-senior females   : r = +.06 (ns)
A-AOL-cy-sq-v-10-a r = + e:campus group
-freshman males   : r = +.08 (ns)
-senior males     : r = +.10 (ns)
-freshman females : r = +.11 (ns)
-senior females   : r = +.22 (05)
A-AOL-cy-sq-v-10-a r = + f:ability to get along
-freshman males   : r = +.27 (01)
-senior males     : r = +.26 (01)
-freshman females : r = +.18 (05)
-senior females   : r = +.30 (01)
A-AOL-cy-sq-v-10-a r = + g:self-confident
-freshman males   : r = +.32 (01)
-senior males     : r = +.32 (01)
-freshman females : r = +.28 (01)
-senior females   : r = +.23 (01)
A-AOL-cy-sq-v-10-a r = + h:personal independence
-freshman males   : r = +.07 (ns)
-senior males     : r = +.22 (05)
-freshman females : r = +.05 (ns)
-senior females   : r = +.09 (ns)
A-AOL-cy-sq-v-10-a r = + i:finding a spouse
-freshman males   : r = +.01 (ns)
-senior males     : r = +.30 (01)
-freshman females : r = +.25 (01)
-senior females   : r = +.01 (ns)
A-AOL-cy-sq-v-10-a r = + j:academic distinction
-freshman males   : r = +.16 (05)
-senior males     : r = +.23 (01)
-freshman females : r = +.19 (05)
-senior females   : r = -.01 (ns)
A-AOL-cy-sq-v-10-a r = + k:many good friends
-freshman males   : r = +.24 (01)
-senior males     : r = +.22 (05)
-freshman females : r = +.15 (ns)
-senior females   : r = +.11 (ns)
A-AOL-cy-sq-v-10-a r = + l:strong points
-freshman males   : r = +.10 (ns)
-senior males     : r = +.28 (01)
-freshman females : r = +.22 (01)
-senior females   : r = +.24 (01)
A-AOL-cy-sq-v-10-a r = + m:career
-freshman males   : r = +.05 (ns)
-senior males     : r = -.03 (ns)
-freshman females : r = +.05 (ns)
-senior females   : r = +.27 (01)
A-AOL-cy-sq-v-10-a r = + n:graduate school
-freshman males   : r = +.16 (05)
-senior males     : r = +.27 (01)
-freshman females : r = +.10 (ns)
-senior females   : r = -.08 (ns)