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Correlational findings

Study Welsch (2002a): study ZZ 1991

Public:
Adults, general public, 54 nations, 1990s
Sample:
Respondents:
N = 75000
Non Response:
n.a.
Assessment:
Interview: face-to-face

Correlate

Authors's Label
Water quality
Our Classification
Remarks
Data water quality from Global Environmental Monitoring System (United Nations Environment Programme)
Distribution
M=2.25 SD=0,70 Range=0-4,10 N=122
Operationalization
Aggregate indicator of:
- dissolved oxygen concentration
- phosphorus concentration
- suspended solids
- electrical conductivity river basins

Positive values correspond to high levels of water quality.

Observed Relation with Happiness

Happiness Measure Statistics Elaboration / Remarks O-HL-u-sq-v-4-a r = +.23 s Average happiness by water quality in 54 nations O-HL-u-sq-v-4-a b = -.07 ns B controled for:
- Gross National Product per head
- scientific rationality of nations
- product (interaction-term) Water Quality and Gross National Product O-HL-u-sq-v-4-a b = + s B's of product (interaction-term) Water Quality and:
- Gross National Product positive and insignificant
- Dummy variable OECD country positive and significant

Water quality contributes more with happiness in OECD countries (compared to non-OECD countries) and in rich countries (compared to poor countries)