Correlational findings | World Database of Happiness

Study Welsch (2002a): study ZZ 1991

Public: Adults, general public, 54 nations, 1990s
Sample
Respondents: N = 75000
Non Response: n.a.
Assessment: Interview: face-to-face

Correlate

Authors's Label

Air quality

Our Classification

Remarks

Data air quality from Air Information System (World Health Organization)

Distribution

M=2.59 SD=0,72 Range=0-4,20 N=122

Operationalization

Aggregate indicator of:
- urban SO2 concentration
- urban NO2 concentration
- urban particles (TSP) concentration

Positive values correspond to high levels of air quality.

Observed Relation with Happiness

Happiness Measure

Statistics

Elaboration / Remarks

O-HL-u-sq-v-4-a

r = +.25 s

Average happiness by air quality in 54 nations

O-HL-u-sq-v-4-a

b = -3.3 ns

B controled for:
- Gross National Product per head
- scientific rationality of nations
- product (interaction-term) Air Quality and Gross National Product

O-HL-u-sq-v-4-a

b = + s

B's positive and significant for product (interaction-term) Air Quality and
- Gross National Product
- Dummy variable OECD country

Air quality contributes more with happiness in OECD countries (compared to non-OECD countries) and in rich countries (compared to poor countries)