Study Frey et al. (2004): study XZ Germany West 1985
- Public
- Adults, general public, Germany 1985-1998
- Sample
- Respondents
- N = 27015
- Non Response
- Assessment
- Interview: face-to-face
Correlate
- Authors's Label
- Commuting time
- Our Classification
-
-
- Distribution
- Average commuting time=23 min. Median commuting time= 20 min. More than 1 hour commuting time= 5,4%
- Operationalization
- Self report on single question:
How long does it naturally take you to go all the way from your home to your place of work using the most direct route? (One way only)
1. 0-10 min
2. 11-20 min
3. 21-30 min
4. more than 30 min
Observed Relation with Happiness
1. 0-10 min 7,24
4. more than 30 min 7,00
difference -0,24
B controlled for
-Age
-Age2
-Gender
-Years of education, ln
-Children
-Head of household
-Child of head of household
-Marital status
-Spouse living abroad
-No. Of household members
-Employment status
-West/East Germany
-National
-EU foreigner
-Other foreigner
-Year
People commuting one hour report 0,31 points lower on 0-10 happiness than employed people who do not commute.
More negative among people pursuing extrinsic goals (income, influence on political decisions and career success) than among people pursuing intrinsic goals (family, friends, faith and religion).
Income not controlled, which suggests that income gains due to commuting do not compensate the happiness loss of commuting