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Correlational findings

Study Stutzer & Frey (2008): study XZ Germany West 1985

Public
15+ aged, general public, Germany, 1985-1998
Sample
Respondents
N = 270150
Non Response
Assessment
Interview: face-to-face

Correlate

Authors's Label
Commuting
Our Classification
Distribution
Average daily commuting time is 23 minutes one way (standard deviation 19 min). Median commuting time is 20 minutes,  first quartile is 10 min, fourth quartile is 30 min.
Operationalization
Average daily commuting time (minutes, one way)

Observed Relation with Happiness

Happiness Measure Statistics Elaboration / Remarks O-SLW-c-sq-n-11-d b = -.01 p < .00 B=-0.0070
(t-value= -7.27)
1st quartile <10 min: life satisfaction=7.24
4th quartile >30 min: life satisfaction=7.00
O-SLW-c-sq-n-11-d b = 0.01 p < .00 B=0.030e-3
(t-value= 4.11)
Commuting time squared

B's controlled for:
-Age
-Age2
-Gender
-Years of Education (ln)
-Children (Yes/No)
-Singel (with/without partner)
-Married (Yes/No)
-Seperated (with/without partnert)
-Divorced (with/without partner)
-Widowed (with/without partner)
-Spouse living abroad
-Number of household members
-Employed
-Self-employed
-Western/Eastern Germany
-Child of the Head of Household (vs. not)
-EU foreigner/Other Foreigner
-Year