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Correlational findings

Study Bjornskov et al. (2008): study ZZ 1997 /1

Public
18+ aged, general public, 70 nations, 1997-2000
Sample
Respondents
N = 87748
Non Response
Assessment
Interview: face-to-face

Correlate

Authors's Label
having children
Our Classification
Operationalization
0: no children
1: 1 child
2: 2 children
3: 3 children

Observed Relation with Happiness

Happiness Measure Statistics Elaboration / Remarks O-SLW-c-sq-n-10-a = Individual happiness (not average) by having children. O-SLW-c-sq-n-10-a Beta = -.07 p < .05 1 child (compared to no children) O-SLW-c-sq-n-10-a Beta = -.05 p < .10 2 children (compared to no children) O-SLW-c-sq-n-10-a Beta = -.02 ns 3 children (compared to no children)

Beta's controlled for other individual level variables:
- religion
- conservative ideology
- confidence in parliament
- trust most people
- income
- age
- gender
- education
- marital status
- selfemployed
- housewife
- retired
- student
- unemployed
- service attendance (church etc.)
- belief in superior being

Beta's are very similar if additionally controlled for aggregated variables at country level:
- infant mortality
- years of independence
- share of cathlolics
- share of protestants
- bicameral system
- openness to trade
- investment price level
- postcommunist
- Asia
- Latin America
- Africa
- Middle East and North Africa