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Correlational findings

Study Bruni & Stanca (2006): study ZZ 1990

Public
Adults, general public, 80 nations, 1990-2004
Sample
Respondents
N = 259947
Non Response
Assessment
Interview: face-to-face

Correlate

Authors's Label
Freedom
Our Classification
Distribution
Range 1-10, M= 6.63 SD= 2.45
Operationalization
The degree of freedom of choice and control an individual has over his life, on a 1-10 scale (1= not at all, 10= a great deal)

Observed Relation with Happiness

Happiness Measure Statistics Elaboration / Remarks O-SLW-c-sq-n-10-a b = +3.1 p < .05 B (+3,12) controlled for:
- member of voluntary organization
- active in voluntary organization
- income
- self rated health
- unemployed
- married
- education
- age
- gender
- religion perceived as important
- trust in people
- honesty (cheating on tax justifiable or not)
- individual country dummies
- time dummies for survey waves

B means 1 point extra freedom goes with 0.30 point greater happiness on scale 1-10 (3.12 on scale 10-100)