Study Bjornskov et al. (2008a): study ZZ 1997

Public

18+ aged, general public, 66 nations, 1997-2001

Sample

Respondents

N = 62295

Non Response

Assessment

Interview: face-to-face

Correlate

Authors's Label

Fiscal decentralization

Our Classification

Remarks

Indicators obtained from the World Bank's fiscal indicators averaged over the period 1980-2000 to capture long term effects (page 5)

Distribution

A:  range:  -22,69  to 31,21,  SD: 12,89
B:  range:  -18.33 to 33,00 ,  SD: 12,59
C:  range:  -33,91 to  57,07,  SD:  20
D: range:   -42,05 to  33,94,  SD:  19,23

Operationalization

A Spending decentralization: Share of sub-federal spending in general spending
B Revenue decentralization: Share of sub-federal revenue in general revenue
C Transfer dependence: Share of transfers to sub-national governments from other government levels in total sub-national revenues (including grants)
D Own tax sources: Ratio of sub-national tax revenue to total sub-national revenues

Observed Relation with Happiness