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Correlational findings

Study Veenhoven (1999a): study ZZ 1992

Public
Adults, general public, 43 nations, early 1990's
Sample
Respondents
N = 50000
Non Response
Assessment
Interview: face-to-face

Correlate

Authors's Label
Value: Individualism (versus collectivism)
Our Classification
Remarks
Data: Hofstede, G. Cultures and organisations, 1991, Table 3.1
Related specification variables
Operationalization
Average response to survey questions about work values among employees of an international company (IBM) in different nations.

Importance attached to:
a: job that leaves time for personal life
b: freedom on the job
c: work that gives personal sense of achievement
d: training opportunities
e: good physical working conditions
f: use of skills at the job

Individualism: importance a,b,c > d,e,f
Collectivism:  importance a,b,c < d,e,f

Observed Relation with Happiness

Happiness Measure Statistics Elaboration / Remarks O-HL-u-sq-v-4-a r = +.69 p < .01 Average happiness by average individualism in 32 nations O-HL-u-sq-v-4-a rpc = +.42 rpc controlled for economic affluence O-HL-u-sq-v-4-a r = -.23 poor countries only O-HL-u-sq-v-4-a r = +.67 rich countries only O-HL-u-sq-v-4-a rpc = -.26 poor countries only, rpc controlled for economic affluence O-HL-u-sq-v-4-a rpc = +.61 rich countries only, rpc controlled for economic affluence O-HL-u-sq-v-4-a r = +.12 nations of low capability to choose only O-HL-u-sq-v-4-a r = +.55 nations of high capability to choose only O-HL-u-sq-v-4-a = Capability to choose in nations measured by education (adult literacy and school enrollment ratio) and media attendence (newspaper circulation and TV's pc) combined in a factor score