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Correlational findings

Study Stutzer & Frey (2006): study XZ Germany West 1984

Public
15+ aged, general public West Germany, 1984-2000
Sample
Respondents
N = 15268
Non Response
Assessment
Interview: face-to-face
Yearly

Correlate

Authors's Label
Employment
Our Classification
Operationalization
1  a self-employed
    b unemployed
    c some work
    d non-working
    e maternity leave
    f military service
    g in education
    h retired
0  wage employed (reference group)

Observed Relation with Happiness

Happiness Measure Statistics Elaboration / Remarks O-SLW-c-sq-n-11-d b = -.26 p < .01 SAME TIME correlation between happiness and employment
- Self-employed       (vs wage employed)
When trait-happiness is also controled b=-.10
O-SLW-c-sq-n-11-d b = -1.0 p < .01 - Unemployed           (vs wage employed)
When trait-happiness is also controled b=-.67
O-SLW-c-sq-n-11-d b = -.24 p < .01 - some work            (vs wage employed)
When trait-happiness is also controled b=-.12
O-SLW-c-sq-n-11-d b = -.12 p < .01 - Non-working           (vs wage employed)
When trait-happiness is also controled b=-.08
O-SLW-c-sq-n-11-d b = +.14 p < .01 - Maternity leave      (vs wage employed)
When trait-happiness is also controled b=-.03
O-SLW-c-sq-n-11-d b = -.36 p < .01 - Military service      (vs wage employed)
When trait-happiness is also controled b=-.46
O-SLW-c-sq-n-11-d b = -.00 ns - In education         (vs wage employed)
When trait-happiness is also controled b=-.00
O-SLW-c-sq-n-11-d b = -.09 p < .01 -  Retired              (vs wage employed)
When trait-happiness is also controled b=-.01

b's controled for:
- age
- education
- household income
- position in the household
- country of origin
- time (dummy for wave of panel)
O-SLW-c-sq-n-11-d b-fix = -.10 CHANGE happiness by employment status over 17 years
- Self-employed       (vs wage employed)
O-SLW-c-sq-n-11-d b-fix = -.67 - Unemployed           (vs wage employed) O-SLW-c-sq-n-11-d b-fix = -.12 - some work            (vs wage employed) O-SLW-c-sq-n-11-d b-fix = -.08 - Non-working           (vs wage employed) O-SLW-c-sq-n-11-d b-fix = -.03 - Maternity leave      (vs wage employed) O-SLW-c-sq-n-11-d b-fix = -.46 - Military service      (vs wage employed) O-SLW-c-sq-n-11-d b-fix = -.00 - In education         (vs wage employed) O-SLW-c-sq-n-11-d b-fix = -.01 -  Retired              (vs wage employed)

b-fix additionally controled for
- average happiness over the years
  (to indicate change in happiness)