Washburn et al. (1925): study US 1923
Publication
- Author(s):
- Washburn, M.F.; Harding, L.; Simmons, H.; Tomlinson, D.
- Title:
- Further experiments on directed recall as a test of cheerful and depressed temperaments.
- Source:
- American Journal of Psychology, 1925, Vol. 36, 454 - 456
Investigation
- Public
- Female students, cheerful and depressed, USA, 192?
- Sample
- Respondents
- N = 67
- Non Response
- -
- Assessment
-
Questionnaire: Paper & Pencil Interview (PAPI)
Questionnaire administered in class. Additionally peerratings of cheerfullness and projective tests during 3 days
Happiness Measure(s) and Distributional Findings
- Full text:
-
Self report on single question:
Each S was asked to judge herself using one of the four terms:
(precise lead item not reported)
4 steadily cheerful
3 variable tendency to cheerfulness
2 variable tendency to depression
1 steadily depressed - Classification:
- A-AOL-g-sq-v-4-d
- Author's label:
- Hedonic level of affect
- Full text:
-
Self report + 3 peer ratings, on same single question:
A. Self report: Each subject was asked to judge herself using one of four terms. (Precise lead item not reported)
B. Peer ratings: The judgments of three friends were obtained using the terms.
Response options:
4 steadily cheerful
3 variable tending to cheerfulness
2 variable tending to depression
1 steadily depressed
Summation: a + b/2 - Classification:
- A-AOL-g-*-v-4-a
- Author's label:
- Hedonic level
- Remarks:
- Negatively skewed
Possible range: 4 - 16; median score: 12.5