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Studies

Palmore et al. (1979): study US Durham, North Carolina 1968

Publication

Author(s):
Palmore, E.B.; Cleveland, W.P.; Nowlin, J.B.; Ramm, D.; Siegler, I.C.
Title:
Stress and Adaption in Later Life.
Source:
Journal of Gerontology, 1979, Vol. 34, 841 - 851

Investigation

Public
45-70 aged Durham, USA, followed 6 years 1968-1976
Survey name
Unnamed study
Sample
Probability stratified sample
Respondents
N = 375
Non Response
25.3%
Assessment
Interview: face-to-face
Physician examination T1: 1968/70 T2: 1970/72 T3: 1972/74 T4: 1974/76

Happiness Measure(s) and Distributional Findings

Full text:
Self report on single question:

Here is a picture of a ladder. Suppose we say that the top of the ladder (9) represents the best possible life for you and the bottom (0) represents the worst possible life for you.  Where on the ladder do you feel personally stand at the present time?
[   9  ]  best possible life for you
[   8  ]
[   7  ]
[   6  ]
[   5  ]
[   4  ]
[   3  ]
[   2  ]
[   1  ]
[   0  ]  worst possible life for you

Name: Cantril's self anchoring ladder rating of life (adapted version)
Classification:
C-BW-c-sq-l-10-ca
Author's label:
Satisfaction in social-psychological
Remarks:
T1: M=7.0, SD=1.4
T4: M=7.0, SD=1.4
Page in publication:
346, table D-13
Observed distribution
Summary Statistics
On original range 0 - 9 On range 0-10
Mean:
7.00 7.78
SD:
1.40 1.56
Full text:
Self report on 8 questions:

"During the past week, did you ever feel.....?"
A  Particularly interested in or excited about something
B  Pleased about having accomplished something
C  On top of the world
D  Pity for some people you know
E  Helpless, with no control over situations
F   Bored
G   Vaguely uneasy about something without knowing why
H   Angry about something that usually wouldn't bother you

Rating  options:
0  never
1  once
2  several times
3  often



Summation: Factorially derived clusters:
A+B+C+D (Enhancement)
E+F+G+H (Discomfort)
Affect Balance Score: Enhancement minus Discomfort.

Possible range: + 16 to - 16

Name: Bradburn's `Affect Balance scale' (modified version)
Classification:
A-BB-cw-mq-v-4-b
Author's label:
Satisfaction in social-psychological
Remarks:
T1: M=1.1, SD=2.8
T4: M=2.9, SD=3.5
Page in publication:
346, table D-13
Observed distribution
Summary Statistics
On original range -16 - 16 On range 0-10
Mean:
2.90 -
SD:
3.50 -

Correlational Findings

Author's label Subject Description Finding Events Earlier life-change
Summed life-events: equal weight
Personal events
Health resources Earlier physical health
Earlier physical resources
Psychological resources Earlier psychological resources Social resources Earlier social resources Subject's retirement Change to retirement: stopped working
Personal events
Spouse's retirement Work conditions of spouse
Personal events
Spouse died Recent widowhood
Personal events
Last child left home Leaving home of children (empty nest)
Personal events
Major medical event Change in physical health
Personal events