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Studies

McGrade (1968): study US 1963

Publication

Author(s):
McGrade, B.J.
Title:
Newborn Activity and Emotional Response at Eight Months.
Source:
Child Development, 1968, Vol. 39, 1247 - 1252

Investigation

Public
Infants followed from birth to 8 month, USA, 196?
Sample
Respondents
N = 24
Non Response
46% unattainable.
Assessment
Questionnaire: Paper & Pencil Interview (PAPI)
Mailed questionnaire and peerratings

Happiness Measure(s) and Distributional Findings

Full text:
Time sampling of happy behaviors:

Clinical ratings on the basis of repeated observations of expressive behavior in test situation. Scored by two independent rates. Interval between tests was one week.  

"General emotional tone: unhappy - happy."
1 Child seems unhappy throughout the period.
2 Mostly unhappy, but not consistently so.
3 At times rather unhappy, but may respond happily to    
   interesting  procedures.
4 Seems calm and contented.
5 Happy: may become upset by some procedures, but recovers  
   fairly easily.
6 Appears generally in a happy state of well-being.
7 Consistently happy, radiating a gay mood, only rarely  
   disturbed by an annoying situation.
8 Radiantly happy; nothing is upsetting; animated.

Item in Bayley Infant Behavior Profile, Research Form 1959.
Classification:
A-CA-mi-tsb-v-8-a
Author's label:
Emotional tone.

Correlational Findings

Author's label Subject Description Finding Newborn activity Active Activity Active Tension Tense Fearfulness Anxious Length of labor Earlier physical health