Variable	Measurement	Era	Code	N	Source
Corruption in government	Researchers assesment. The ICRG staff collects political information converting these into risk points on the basis of a consistent pattern of evaluation. The political risk assessments are made on the basis of subjective analysis of the available information.	1982-95	Corruption1_1990	65	ICR1996
Corruption Perception Index (CPI)1	Combined surveys on perceived abuse of public office for private gain, for example, on bribe-taking by public officials in public procurement. The sources do not distinguish between administrative and political corruption.	1980-94	Corruption2_1990	47	TI 1995
		1996	Corruption2_1996	53	TI 1997
		19972	Corruption2_1997	51	TI 1997
		1998	Corruption2_1998	74	TI 1998
		1990-1998	Corruption2_1990s	58	Mean 90,96,97
		2002	Corruption2_2002	84	TI 2002
Freedom from corruption		2006	Corruption2Free_2006	156	Heritage
Exercise of public power for private gain	Aggregated indicator, subjective assesments. Measures perceptions of corruption (drawn from different sources), conventionally defined as the exercise of public power over private gain; ranging from frequency of ‘additional payments to get things done’ to the effect of corruption on the business environment, of measuring ‘grand corruption’ in the political arena to the tendency of elite forms to engage in ‘state capture’.	1997-98	Corruption3_1998	91	Kaufmann 1999a
		2000-01	Corruption3_2001	91	Kaufmann 2002 table C6
		2002	Corruption3_2002	176	Kaufmann 2003 table C6
		2006	Corruption3_2006	175	Kaufmann 2007 table C6
		2012	Corruption3_2012

Related topics: Crime rate, Governance, Trust
Related themes: Crime, Government, Institutional quality, Law

The dataset States of Nations is about characteristics of countries in periods (macro variables). It is part of the World Database of Happiness. Developed for identification of societal conditions for happiness, this dataset can also be used for other purposes.