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Happiness Measures

Characteristics

Code:
A-BW-g-mq-v-5-g
Focus:
Affect: Balance (Watson et al PANAS) (A-BW)
Time frame:
generally (g)
Mode:
multiple questions (mq)
Scale Type:
verbal scale (v)
Scale Range:
5

Description

Self report on 20 questions.

This scale consists of a number of words that describe different feelings and emotions. Read each item and mark the appropriate answer in the space next to that word. Indicate to what extend you generally feel this way, that is, how you feel on average?
A  nervous
B  distressed
C  afraid
D  jittery
E  irritable
F  upset
G  scared
H  ashamed
I  guilty
J  hostile
K  excited
L  active
M  determined
N  inspired
O  enthusiastic
P  alert
Q  attentive
R  proud
S  strong
T  interested

Answer options:  
1  very slightly or not at all
2  a little
3  moderately
4  quite a bit
5  extremely

Negative affect score (NAS): (A to J)/10
Positive affect score (PAS): (K to T)/10
Affect Balance Score  (ABS): PAS - NAS

Name: Watson et al's PANAS ('in general' version)

List of Studies Using this Measure

Study Population N Mean
Standard Deviation
Wright & Staw (1999): study US 1994 /1 Social services staff personel; USA, 199?, followed 1 year N = 78
Mean
= 1.500
Demir & Weitekamp (2007): study US 2007 University students, USA, 2007 N = 423
Mean
= 1.700
Gallagher & Vella-Brodrick (2007): study AU 2003 18 - 80 aged, Victoria, Australia, 200? N = 1200
Mean
= 17.450
Gallagher & Vella-Brodrick (2007): study AU AU Victoria 2003 267 adults, aged 18-80- years, Australia N = 273
Mean
= 17.450
Neto & DaConceicao Pinto (2015): study PT 2010 18+ aged, Lisbon area of Portugal, 201? N = 1284
Luhmann et al. (2014): study US 2013 18-79 aged, general public, USA, 2013 N = 414
Mean
= 1.270
Enrique et al. (2018): study ES 2015 Young adults participating in a happiness training, Spain, 201? N = 78
Mean
= 1.460
Baker (2011): study US 2008 Students employed for > 10 hours a week, , USA, 2008 N = 165
Mean
= 1.840
Littman-Ovadia & Nir (2014): study IL 2011 Adults, Israel, 2011 N = 77
Mean
= 1.100
Zelenski et al. (2008): study CA 2005 Directors, Canada, followed 8 weeks, 2005 N = 715
Wright et al. (2002): study US 1997 Public-sector managers, USA, 2002, followed 2 years N = 59
Mean
= 1.300
SD
= 0.600
Zhang & Yang (2009): study US 2009 Uniteristy students, USA, 2009 N = 394
Mean
= 2.715
SD
= 0.725
Zhang & Yang (2009): study CN 2009 Univerities students, China, 2009 N = 348
Mean
= 2.355
SD
= 0.745