| Study | Palmore (1981): study US 1968 |
| Title | Social Patterns in Normal Aging: Findings From the Duke Longitudinal Study. |
| Source | Duke University Press, 1981, Durham, USA |
| Public | 46+ aged whites, North Carolina, USA, followed from 1968 to 1976. |
| Sample | Probability stratified sample |
| Non-Response | |
| Respondents N = | 375 |
| Correlate | |
| Author's label | T1 internal control |
| Page in Source | 103 |
| Our classification | Earlier inner-control, code P02ab16 |
| Operationalization | Index containing four pairs of statements e,g, "some of the good and some of the bad things in my life have happened by chance" (external control). "What happened to me has been my own doing" (internal control). Each S was asked which one of each pair is more true for him. (from the Internal-External Control of Reinforcement Scale; see Jesson at al. (1968). 0= external 1= internal Scale 0-4. Assessed at T1. |
| Observed distribution | Males : M = 2,6: SD = 1,0 Females: M = 2,2; SD = 1,0 |
| Observed Relation with Happiness | ||
| Happiness Measure | Statistics | Elaboration/Remarks |
| C-BW-c-sq-l-10-ca | r=+ p < .05 | T1 internal control by T2 happiness Males : r = (ns) Females: r = +.14 (05) |
| A-BB-cw-mq-v-4-b | r=+ | Males : r = (ns) Females: r = +.19 (05) |
| Code | Full Text |
| A-BB-cw-mq-v-4-b | Selfreport on 8 questions: "During the past week, did you ever feel.....?" A Particularly interested in or excited about something B Pleased about having accomplished something C On top of the world D Pity for some people you know E Helpless, with no control over situations F Bored G Vaguely uneasy about something without knowing why H Angry about something that usually wouldn't bother you Rating options: 0 never 1 once 2 several times 3 often Summation: Factorially derived clusters: A+B+C+D (Enhancement) E+F+G+H (Discomfort) Affect Balance Score: Enhancement minus Discomfort. Possible range: + 16 to - 16 Name: Bradburn's `Affect Balance scale' (modified version) |
| C-BW-c-sq-l-10-ca | Selfreport on single question: Here is a picture of a ladder. Suppose we say that the top of the ladder (9) represents the best possible life for you and the bottom (0) represents the worst possible life for you. Where on the ladder do you feel personally stand at the present time? [ 9 ] best possible life for you [ 8 ] [ 7 ] [ 6 ] [ 5 ] [ 4 ] [ 3 ] [ 2 ] [ 1 ] [ 0 ] worst possible life for you Name: Cantril's self anchoring ladder rating of life (adapted version) |
| Symbol | Explanation |
| r | PRODUCT-MOMENT CORRELATION COEFFICIENT (Also "Pearson's correlation coefficient' or simply 'correlation coefficient') Type: test statistic. Measurement level: Correlate: metric, Happiness: metric Range: [-1; +1] Meaning: r = 0 « no correlation , r = 1 « perfect correlation, where high correlate values correspond with high happiness values, and r = -1 « perfect correlation, where high correlate values correspond with low happiness values. |