Study Schaefer & Bayley (1963): study US 1929

Public

Children followed from age 0 to 18, Berkeley, California, USA, 1929-47

Sample

Respondents

N = 54

Non Response

13% drop-outs (7 children and their mothers)

Assessment

Multiple assesment methods
Behavioral observation and interviews

Correlate

Authors's Label

Freedom allowed by the mother (at Ss age 9-14)

Our Classification

Related specification variables

Operationalization

Ratings by three judges on the basis of interview-protocols (one to three interviews).

Assessed ±10 years after rating of baby- happiness.

a.Permits and stimulates autonomy
'Does the mother think the child should be free to act independently and should be allowed to work and play apart from his parents?' (5-item index).

b.Intrusiveness
'Does the mother seem to be unaware of the fact that a child has a mind of his own and that he should be able to do his own thinking without forceful intrusion by the mother?'(4-item index).

c.Strictness (rigidity)
'Does the mother believe in rigid rules and strict enforcement of those rules?' (4-item index).

d.Wish to control the child
'Does the mother seem to wish to control the child?' (5-item index).

e.Fostering dependency in child
'Does the mother tend to baby her child or foster dependency in him?' (5-item index).

f.Excessive contact with child
'Does the mother wish to keep the child closely attached to herself?' (5-item index).

g.Keeps child socially isolated?'
'Does this mother tend to keep her child socially isolated?'

Observed Relation with Happiness