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Correlational findings

Study Gao & Meng (2015): study CN 1998

Public
65+ aged, China, followed 10 years, 1998-2008
Survey name
CN-Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity
Sample
Respondents
N = 50674
Non Response
not reported
Assessment
Interview: face-to-face
N = observarions, not respondents! Many (most?) respondents participated 5 times!

Correlate

Authors's Label
Urban (residence)
Our Classification
Operationalization
0: rural
1: urban

Observed Relation with Happiness

Happiness Measure Statistics Elaboration / Remarks O-QOL-c-sq-v-4-b DM = + Individual happiness by place of residence

1 Urban:     M = 2,85
0 Rural:     M = 2,69
-difference     +0,16



1998-2008; respondents are 65 or older.
O-QOL-c-sq-v-4-b OPRC = +.16 p < .01 Individual happiness by place of residence

OPRC (+0,155)) controlled for:

-provincial characteristics:
-Real GDP per capita
-Government medical expenses
-Government Size
-Capital Formation Rate

-individual characteristics:
-Gender
-Living arrangement
-Age (groups)
-Etnicity (Han = 1)
-Education
-White Collar (= 1)
-Frequency visits by child or sibling
-Chronic conditions score
-ADL-score (Physical limitations)

Similar results if addionally controlled for:
-Household income (quartiles)
-Feeling rich or fair