Study VanSantvoort (2009): study ZZ Europe 2005

Public

15+ aged, general public, 9 European countries, 2005

Sample

Respondents

N = 14889

Non Response

30 %

Assessment

Interview: face-to-face
Most studies based on face-to-face interviews

Correlate

Authors's Label

Feeling optimistic and energetic

Our Classification

Remarks

Because the scale has been reversed, higher values correspond to larger feeling of optimism and energy.

Operationalization

Self report on 5 questions:
How often have you felt like this over the last two weeks:
-  Felt cheerful and in good spirits
- Felt calm and relaxed
- Felt active and vigorous
- Woken up feeling fresh and rested
- Daily life has been filled with things that interest me.

Rated: (1) all of the time to (6) "at no time".

Observed Relation with Happiness