Study Goodhart (1985): study US 1983

Public

Students in stress, followed 8 weeks, Illinois, USA, 1983

Sample

Respondents

N = 173

Non Response

1.7% dropout

Assessment

Questionnaire: Paper & Pencil Interview (PAPI)
Questionnaire administered in class. T1: pretest, T2: post- test; after 8 weeks.

Correlate

Authors's Label

Negative thinking

Our Classification

Operationalization

Ss were invited to think of a stressful event in the recent past and then complete a 46-item event-outcome- appraisal questionnaire (Goodhart 1981); 20 items in the questionnaire described negative outcomes.
Typical items are:
Self-relevant items:
1. I began to feel that I was doing
   little toward my life enjoyment or
   personal development.
2. I became more uncertain about who I
   am or want to become.
3. I began to doubt whether my present
   career plans are consistent with  
   true interests and skills.
Externally relevant items:
1. The event made it more difficult to
   carry out ordinary daily activities.
2. The event created a financial
   strain.
3. Others were unaware of or
   insensitive to my difficulties.
Negative thinking assessed at T1.

Observed Relation with Happiness